1. Single and mixture exposure to atrazine and ciprofloxacin on Clarias gariepinus antioxidant defense status, hepatic condition and immune response.
- Author
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Aguzie IO, Oriaku CU, Agbo FI, Ukwueze VO, Asogwa CN, Ikele CB, Aguzie IJ, Ossai NI, Eyo JE, and Nwani CD
- Subjects
- Animals, Lipid Peroxidation drug effects, Catalase metabolism, Glutathione Peroxidase metabolism, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Antioxidants metabolism, Herbicides toxicity, Alkaline Phosphatase blood, Respiratory Burst drug effects, Atrazine toxicity, Catfishes immunology, Ciprofloxacin toxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity, Liver drug effects, Liver metabolism, Superoxide Dismutase metabolism
- Abstract
Atrazine (ATRA) and ciprofloxacin (CPRO) are widely detected, persistent and co-existing aquatic pollutants. This study investigated effects of 14-day single and joint ATRA and CPRO exposure on juvenile Clarias gariepinus. Standard bioassay methods were used to determine responses of oxidative stress, hepatic condition, and immunological biomarkers on days 7 and 14. Seven groups were used: Control, CPRO
EC , CPROSubl , ATRAEC , ATRASubl , CPROEC +ATRAEC , and CPROSubl +ATRASubl . The test substances caused decreased activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Lipid peroxidation was elevated, especially in CPRO-ATRA mixtures. Serum aminotransferases (ALT, and AST), and alkaline phosphatase activity increased significantly. Total protein, albumin, total immunoglobulin, and respiratory burst decreased significantly. Therefore, single and joint exposure to CPRO and ATRA poses adverse consequences on aquatic life., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there are no competing interests whatsoever., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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