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Background: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery are at increased risk of developing perioperative hypotension, which is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Despite using advanced technologies such as evaluating arterial pressure derived cardiac output, anaesthetic management to maintain hemodynamic stability is still reactive when the clinical decision is made after hypotension has developed. Previous perioperative goal-directed studies have not proven the benefits of this approach with high certainty. A new, approved technology called the Hypotension Prediction Index (HPI) aims to prevent hypotension occurrence by allowing the precise hemodynamic monitoring of patients under general anaesthesia, significantly reducing intraoperative hypotension events. This prospective randomised clinical trial aims to compare the rate of perioperative hypotension in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery according to their type of hemodynamic monitoring. Methods: and Analysis: Patients meeting the inclusion criteria will be randomly assigned to receive hemodynamic assessment with arterial pressure cardiac output (APCO) monitoring (group A) or hemodynamic monitoring with the HPI software (group B). The primary outcome is a time-weighted average (TWA) mean arterial pressure (MAP) of

Background: Prevention and treatment of haemodynamic instability and increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is vital. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of protocolised cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)-guided treatment on morbidity and functional outcome in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with SAH. Methods: We performed a retrospective study comparing 37 patients who received standard haemodynamic treatment (control group) with 17 individuals (CPP-guided group) who were on the CPP-guided treatment aimed at maintaining CPP > 70 mmHg using both optimisations of ICP and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Results: MAP, cumulative crystalloid doses and fluid balance were similar in both groups. However, the incidence of delayed cerebral ischaemia was significantly lower in the CPP-guided group (14% vs. 64%, p < 0.01), and functional outcome as assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 30 days after SAH was improved (29.0% vs. 5.5%, p = 0.03). Conclusions: This preliminary analysis showed that implementing a CPP-guided treatment approach aimed at maintaining a CPP > 70 mmHg may reduce the occurrence of delayed cerebral ischaemia and improve functional outcomes in patients with SAH. This observation merits further prospective investigation of the use of CPP-guided treatment in patients with SAH.

Intraoperative hypotension (IH) is a frequent phenomenon affecting a substantial number of patients undergoing general anesthesia. The occurrence of IH is related to significant perioperative complications, including kidney failure, myocardial injury, and even increased mortality. Despite advanced hemodynamic monitoring and protocols utilizing goal directed therapy, our management is still reactive; we intervene when the episode of hypotension has already occurred. This literature review evaluated the Hypotension Prediction Index (HPI), which is designed to predict and reduce the incidence of IH. The HPI algorithm is based on a machine learning algorithm that analyzes the arterial pressure waveform as an input and the occurrence of hypotension with MAP