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This paper is devoted to the study of a fractional q-difference equation involving dual hybrid terms and equipped with nonlocal multipoint and Riemann-Liouville fractional q-integral boundary conditions. Applying a fixed point approach, we investigate the existence criteria for solutions to the given problem. Examples are constructed for illustrating the obtained results. We emphasize that our results are new in the given configuration, and some new results follow as special cases of the present ones.

In this paper, we introduce the basic notions of the fractional summation, difference and q-difference with the quaternionic fractional order for the quaternion-valued functions and establish some of their basic properties. Based on this, the summation representations of solutions for the nonlinear quaternion-valued fractional difference equation and q-difference equation are obtained. In addition, several examples are provided to illustrate the feasibility of our obtained results in each section.

In this article, we study the regularity criteria of the weak solutions to the Boussinesq equations involving the horizontal component of velocity or the horizontal derivatives of the two components of velocity in anisotropic Lorentz spaces. This result reveals that the velocity field plays a dominant role in regularity theory of the Boussinesq equations.

The nation’s economy and prosperity are substantially impacted by agriculture as food is the necessity for human beings. The aim of this study is to solves the issue like shortage of quality foods especially horticultural crops that are essential for our healthy lifestyle. The practices of modern farming that includes soil-less cultivation can be an alternate way to overcome the problems that farmers are facing in traditional way execution of insightful hydroponics system that uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT). Factors like pH of nutrient solution, CO2, light, temperature, relative humidity, Electrical Conductivity (EC) can be monitored on daily basis using advance sensors in hydroponic system for efficient utilization of our precious natural resources that leads to sustainable agriculture to meet out the future demand of agriculture commodities.

In this manuscript, we have studied the coupled system of Hilfer fractional differential equations with non-local conditions. We have used the Leray-alternative Schauder’s and the Contraction principle to obtain the results on the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the proposed problem in the weighted space of continuous functions. For the defined problem, sufficient conditions have also been developed to determine the Ulam stability of the solution. The key conclusions are well-illustrated with examples.

In this paper, we establish some basic results for quaternion combined impulsive matrix dynamic equation on time scales for the first time. Quaternion matrix combined-exponential function is introduced and some basic properties are obtained. Based on this, the fundamental solution matrix and corresponding Cauchy matrix for a class of quaternion matrix dynamic equation with combined derivatives and bi-directional impulses are derived.

In this paper, we establish sufficient criteria for the existence of solutions for a new kind of nonlinear Langevin equation involving conformable differential operators of different orders and equipped with integral boundary conditions. We apply the modern tools of functional analysis to derive the desired results for the problem at hand. Examples are constructed for the illustration of the obtained results.

In this paper, we introduce the notion of interpolative Rus-Reich-Ćirić type 𝒵- contractions in the setting of complete metric space. We also consider some immediate consequences of our main results.

The concept of generalized exponential trichotomy for linear time-varying systems is investigated in relationship with the classical notion of uniform exponential trichotomy. Some key properties of generalized exponential trichotomy are explored through supplementary projections. These results are also extended to the case of projection sequences, while certain applications for adjoint systems are suggested.

Nonlinear differential equations with impulses occurring at random time and acting noninstantaneously on finite intervals are studied.We consider the case when the time where the impulses occur is Gamma distributed. Lyapunov functions are applied to obtain sufficient conditions for the p-moment exponential stability of the trivial solution of the given system.

In this paper, we establish the existence and multiplicity of solutions for a class of superlinear elliptic systems without Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz growth condition. Our results are based on minimax methods in critical point theory.

In this paper, we present some results concerning the existence and the attractivity of solutions for some functional integral equations of Hadamard fractional order. We use an extension of the Burton-Kirk fixed point theorem in Fréchet spaces.

In this paper we discuss the existence of a solution between wellordered subsolution and supersolution of the Kirchhoff equation. Using the sub-supersolution method together with a Rabinowitz-type global bifurcation theory, we establish the existence of positive solutions for Kirchhoff-type problems when the nonlinearity is singular or sign-changing. Moreover, we obtain some necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of positive solutions for the problem when N = 1.

We consider the following third order three-point boundary value problem on a half-line: x'''(t)+q(t)f(t,x(t),x'(t),x''(t)) = 0, t ∈ (0,+∞), x'(0) = A, x(η) = B, x''(+∞) = C, where η ∈ (0,+∞), but fixed, and f : [0,+∞) × ℝ3 → ℝ satisfies Nagumo's condition. We apply Schauder's fixed point theorem, the upper and lower solution method, and topological degree theory, to establish existence theory for at least one unbounded solution, and at least three unbounded solutions. To demonstrate the usefulness of our results, we illustrate two examples.

In this paper, we study almost periodic and changing-periodic time scales considered byWang and Agarwal in 2015. Some improvements of almost periodic time scales are made. Furthermore, we introduce a new concept of periodic time scales in which the invariance for a time scale is dependent on an translation direction. Also some new results on periodic and changing-periodic time scales are presented.

We present sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions of Fredholm integral inclusion equations using new sort of contractions, named as multivalued almost F -contractions and multivalued almost F -contraction pairs under ı-distance, defined in b-metric spaces. We give its relevance to fixed point results in orbitally complete b-metric spaces. To rationalize the notions and outcome, we illustrate the appropriate examples.

This paper deals with the existence, uniqueness and iterative approximations of solutions for the functional equations and system of functional equations arising in dynamic programming of multistage decision making processes in Banach spaces and complete metric space, respectively. The results presented in this paper unify and generalize many known results in the literature. Some examples which dwell upon the importance of our results are also illustrated.

Some existence theorems are obtained for infinitely many periodic solutions of ordinary p-Laplacian systems by minimax methods in critical point theory.

In this paper using a fixed point theory on a cone we present some new results on the existence of multiple positive solutions for singular nonlocal boundary value problems involving integral conditions with derivative dependence.

Background: Vitamin B 12 and folate represent modifiable risk factors for dementia. They may increase the risk of Alzheimer′s dementia (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) as their deficiency can increase the homocysteine level due to slowed methylation reaction. Homocysteine has a neurotoxic effect that could lead to neurologic disturbances. Hence, it is important to explore the status of serum B 12 and folate in AD and VaD to evolve the treatment strategies for the same. Objectives: A retrospective study was conducted to assess the levels of vitamin B 12 , folate, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in serum and the relationship of these factors, including age and sex to cognitive decline in VaD, AD, and dementia due to other causes (DOC). Materials and Methods: Serum vitamin B 12 , folate, TSH, and total cholesterol were studied in 32 AD patients (mean age: 65 years), 12 VaD patients (mean age: 61 years), 83 DOC (mean age: 65 years), and 127 control subjects (mean age: 49 years). Results: In AD, VaD, and DOC, the levels of vitamin B 12 and folate were significantly lower (P < 0.002; 0.026; 0.002 for vitamin B 12 and P < 0.000 in all the 3 groups for folate) as compared with the controls. Similarly, TSH levels were significantly lower in AD and DOC (P < 0.008; 0.038) as compared with the controls. Conclusion: Vitamin B 12 and folate were significantly low in both AD and VaD patients. Hence, B vitamin supplementation should be considered as possible targets for the therapeutic intervention in dementia.

Abstract Global and regional left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction is a marker of coronary artery disease (CAD), which is conventionally assessed using two-dimensional echocardiography. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) has emerged as an adjunct tool in the diagnosis of regional wall motion abnormalities from CAD. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of TDI indices in the diagnosis of CAD. We searched MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library for controlled studies comparing TDI measurements in those with and without CAD as confirmed by coronary angiography. Meta-analyses of mean differences in TDI velocities between these populations were performed. Screening of titles and abstracts followed by full-text screening identified 8 studies. At rest, TDI was associated with a significant decrease in the pooled maximum systolic velocity among CAD patients compared to those without CAD [mean difference (MD): -0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.98 to −0.34]. There were no significant differences in maximum early and late diastolic velocities. Post-stress, TDI was associated with a significant decrease in maximum early diastolic velocity (MD: -1.91; 95% CI: -2.74 to −1.09) and maximum late diastolic velocity (MD: -1.57; 95% CI: -2.95 to −0.18) among CAD patients compared to those without CAD. There was no significant difference in maximum systolic velocity post-stress. Our results suggest that TDI may have a role in the evaluation of CAD. Future studies should evaluate the incremental value of TDI velocities over LV ejection fraction and two dimensional wall motion analysis in the detection of CAD and assessment of its severity. (Word Count: 249)

Abstract In this paper, the existing theorems and methods for finding solutions of systems of general nonlinear set-valued mixed variational inequalities problems in Hilbert spaces are studied. To overcome the difficulties, due to the presence of a proper convex lower semi-continuous function, φ and a mapping g, which appeared in the considered problem, we have used some applications of the resolvent operator technique. We would like to point out that although many authors have proved results for finding solutions of the systems of nonlinear set-valued (mixed) variational inequalities problems, it is clear that it cannot be directly applied to the problems that we have considered in this paper because of φ and g. 2000 AMS Subject Classification: 47H05; 47H09; 47J25; 65J15.

Abstract In this article, a new concept of mixed monotone-generalized contraction in partially ordered probabilistic metric spaces is introduced, and some coupled coincidence and coupled fixed point theorems are proved. The theorems Presented are an extension of many existing results in the literature and include several recent developments. Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 54H25; Secondary 47H10.

Abstract This article discusses a more general contractive condition for a class of extended (p ≥ 2) -cyclic self-mappings on the union of a finite number of subsets of a metric space which are allowed to have a finite number of successive images in the same subsets of its domain. If the space is uniformly convex and the subsets are non-empty, closed and convex, then all the iterates converge to a unique closed limiting finite sequence which contains the best proximity points of adjacent subsets and reduces to a unique fixed point if all such subsets intersect.

Abstract In this paper, an implicit iterative algorithm with errors is considered for two families of generalized asymptotically nonexpansive mappings. Strong and weak convergence theorems of common fixed points are established based on the implicit iterative algorithm. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000) 47H09 · 47H10 · 47J25

The boundary value problems for degenerate anisotropic differential operator equations with variable coefficients are studied. Several conditions for the separability and Fredholmness in Banach-valued spaces are given. Sharp estimates for resolvent, discreetness of spectrum, and completeness of root elements of the corresponding differential operators are obtained. In the last section, some applications of the main results are given.

Abstract We discuss the existence of solutions of an abstract differential inclusion, with a right-hand side of bounded variation and subject to a nonlocal initial condition of integral type. AMS Subject Classification 34A60, 34G20, 26A45, 54C65, 28B20

This paper discusses the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points of a SVEIRS propagation disease model which potentially involves a regular constant vaccination. The positivity of such a model is also discussed as well as the boundedness of the total and partial populations. The model takes also into consideration the natural population growing and the mortality associated to the disease as well as the lost of immunity of newborns. It is assumed that there are two finite delays affecting the susceptible, recovered, exposed, and infected population dynamics. Some extensions are given for the case when impulsive nonconstant vaccination is incorporated at, in general, an aperiodic sequence of time instants. Such an impulsive vaccination consists of a culling or a partial removal action on the susceptible population which is transferred to the vaccinated one. The oscillatory behavior under impulsive vaccination, performed in general, at nonperiodic time intervals, is also discussed.

Abstract In this paper, we prove both the local and global Lφ -norm inequalities for Green's operator applied to minimizers for functionals defined on differential forms in Lφ -averaging domains. Our results are extensions of Lp norm inequalities for Green's operator and can be used to estimate the norms of other operators applied to differential forms. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 35J60; Secondary 31B05, 58A10, 46E35.

Abstract In this article, we are concerned with a nondifferentiable minimax fractional programming problem. We derive the sufficient condition for an optimal solution to the problem and then establish weak, strong, and strict converse duality theorems for the problem and its dual problem under B-(p, r)-invexity assumptions. Examples are given to show that B-(p, r)-invex functions are generalization of (p, r)-invex and convex functions AMS Subject Classification: 90C32; 90C46; 49J35.

Abstract We present some fixed point theorems for the sum of a weakly-strongly continuous map and a nonexpansive map on a Banach space . Our results cover several earlier works by Edmunds, Reinermann, Singh, and others.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and consider a general implicit iterative process which includes Schu's explicit iterative processes and Sun's implicit iterative processes as special cases for a finite family of generalized asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings. Strong convergence of the purposed iterative process is obtained in the framework of real Banach spaces.

Abstract We present new fixed point theorems for ws-compact operators. Our fixed point results are obtained under Sadovskii, Leray-Schauder, Rothe, Altman, Petryshyn, and Furi-Pera type conditions. An example is given to show the usefulness and the applicability of our results.

Abstract A new class of generalized V-type I invex functions is introduced for nonsmooth multiobjective programming problem. Based upon these generalized invex functions, we establish sufficient optimality conditions for a feasible point to be an efficient or a weakly efficient solution. Weak, strong, and strict converse duality theorems are proved for Mond-Weir type dual program in order to relate the weakly efficient solutions of primal and dual programs.

Abstract We obtain global weighted Caccioppoli-type and Poincaré inequalities in terms of Orlicz norms for solutions to the nonhomogeneous -harmonic equation .

We study several types of periodicity to a class of fractional order differential equations.

This paper summarizes a series of results on the oscillation of impulsive ordinary differential equations. We consider linear, half-linear, super-half-linear, and nonlinear equations. Several oscillation criteria are given. The Sturmian comparison theory for linear and half linear equations is also included.

We investigate the existence of positive solutions of singular problem , , , . Here, and the Carathéodory function may be singular in all its space variables . The results are proved by regularization and sequential techniques. In limit processes, the Vitali convergence theorem is used.

This paper discusses a generalized time-varying SEIR propagation disease model subject to delays which potentially involves mixed regular and impulsive vaccination rules. The model takes also into account the natural population growing and the mortality associated to the disease, and the potential presence of disease endemic thresholds for both the infected and infectious population dynamics as well as the lost of immunity of newborns. The presence of outsider infectious is also considered. It is assumed that there is a finite number of time-varying distributed delays in the susceptible-infected coupling dynamics influencing the susceptible and infected differential equations. It is also assumed that there are time-varying point delays for the susceptible-infected coupled dynamics influencing the infected, infectious, and removed-by-immunity differential equations. The proposed regular vaccination control objective is the tracking of a prescribed suited infectious trajectory for a set of given initial conditions. The impulsive vaccination can be used to improve discrepancies between the SEIR model and its suitable reference one.

We present new Leray-Schauder alternatives, Krasnoselskii and Lefschetz fixed point theory for multivalued maps between Fréchet spaces. As an application we show that our results are directly applicable to establish the existence of integral equations over infinite intervals.

We glance at recent advances to the general theory of maximal (set-valued) monotone mappings and their role demonstrated to examine the convex programming and closely related field of nonlinear variational inequalities. We focus mostly on applications of the super-relaxed ( )-proximal point algorithm to the context of solving a class of nonlinear variational inclusion problems, based on the notion of maximal ( )-monotonicity. Investigations highlighted in this communication are greatly influenced by the celebrated work of Rockafellar (1976), while others have played a significant part as well in generalizing the proximal point algorithm considered by Rockafellar (1976) to the case of the relaxed proximal point algorithm by Eckstein and Bertsekas (1992). Even for the linear convergence analysis for the overrelaxed (or super-relaxed) ( )-proximal point algorithm, the fundamental model for Rockafellar's case does the job. Furthermore, we attempt to explore possibilities of generalizing the Yosida regularization/approximation in light of maximal ( )-monotonicity, and then applying to first-order evolution equations/inclusions.

Abstract This paper studies the eigenvalue interval for the singular boundary value problem , where may be singular at , , and may change sign and be superlinear at . The approach is based on an approximation method together with the theory of upper and lower solutions.

We derive new nonlinear discrete analogue of the continuous Halanay-type inequality. These inequalities can be used as basic tools in the study of the global asymptotic stability of the equilibrium of certain generalized difference equations.