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Scientific literature underscores a significant prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in children, often stemming from hereditary connective tissue dysplasia, detrimentally impacting their quality of life. Consequently, developing effective physical rehabilitation methods for children becomes imperative. This study aims to assess various components of quality of life among children with hereditary connective tissue disorders and musculoskeletal complications during the outpatient phase of physical rehabilitation. Material & methods. The research project was carried out on the basis of medical institutions in the city of Barnaul (Russia) from 2014 to 2023. The quality of life was assessed in 60 children aged 6-7, having connective tissue disorders and complications from the musculoskeletal system and their parents using the Pediatric Quality of Life inventory PedsQL questionnaire. Quality of life testing was performed at the research beginning, in 1 and 3 years after the start of rehabilitation. After 10 years, the condition of the posture and muscular system of the observed children was assessed. Generally accepted rehabilitation measures were performed for patients of the main group (n=30) and the comparison group (n=30). In addition to traditional wellness activities, the main group included course theoretical and practical classes at the organized school «Posture Correction» for parents and their children. Practical classes included teaching children and parent's physical exercises on the wall bars ("Swedish wall"), orthopedic ball, breaststroke swimming, wearing a corset, following a calcium-containing diet and a balanced vitamin composition of food. Results. In the course of follow-up after 1 and 3 years, the number of complications in the main group of patients statistically significantly decreased, the quality of life in children and parents improved, p <0.05. During the control after 10 years, physiological posture and the normal status of the trunk muscles were determined in all patients in the main group, which was confirmed by the electroneuromyographic examination method. In patients and parents of the comparison group, the quality of life did not change in dynamics, muscle weakness at the level of the thoracic spine, myofascial pain syndrome was noted. Conclusions. Significant positive results of physical rehabilitation of children with connective tissue dysplasia and the musculoskeletal system complications have been obtained when using means and methods of physical culture in rehabilitation on the basis of the established school of "Posture Correction". The proven technique can be used for children's rehabilitation at the outpatient stage of recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The modernization of pedagogical education for coaches and supplementary education teachers in sports is crucial to enhance their professional knowledge, skills, and abilities. Purpose: This study aims to enhance the efficacy of professional competency development among teachers of supplementary education in recreational swimming for infants under the age of one year. It aims to develop and validate a professional support technology tailored for such specialists in early swimming centers. Materials and methods: The research involved 18 teachers (aged between 22 to 45 years) of supplementary education in recreational swimming for infants, with their professional experience ranging from one to twenty years. All professionals possessed a higher education in physical education. The teachers were divided into a control group (CG, n=9) and an experimental group (EG, n=9). The improvement of professional competencies in the CG was conducted in accordance with the guidelines outlined in the state professional standard for "Supplementary Education Teacher for Children and Adults. "In EG the professional improvement was carried out according to the developed technology of professional support for teachers. With the help of the developed questionnaire the diagnosis of the state of formation of professional competences of teachers and the evaluation of their activity in accordance with the professional standard for this profession were carried out. Results. At the beginning of the research a low level of theoretical knowledge among the teachers of supplementary education in swimming for children was found. Most of the teachers were classified in the "low" and "medium" levels of professional competence formation. The teachers' work functions did not meet the professional standards for this category of specialists. At the end of the research an increase in the values of the indicators of the level of knowledge was noted in the experimental group, which was 5 times higher than this indicator in the control group. Most of the teachers in the experimental group rated their level of competence compliance as "high" in all work functions. In the control group, teachers rated their level as "average" at the end of the research. Conclusions. The obtained positive results of the testing of the proposed pedagogical technology for the improvement of the professional competences of teachers of children's swimming supplementary education can be used in other institutions of supplementary education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Modernizing educational and training processes in children engaged in ice hockey in terms of their psychological status is an urgent problem. Research objective: To investigate the individual typological features of psychomotor status in young hockey players, aiming to tailor the training process during the initial stage of their sports development. Materials and methods. The research project involved 36 young hockey players aged 10-11 from one of the sports schools of the Siberian Federal District. The athletes were engaged in ice hockey for the fourth year of the initial stage of sports training. Using the children's version of the questionnaire Eysenck & Wilson (2000), the type of psychological regulation of nervous functions (extra-introversion) was determined, the latent time of two simple and one complex sensory-motor reactions, responses to a moving object, and tapping test were studied. We used special motor tests for hockey. The revealed peculiarities of the psychomotor status were used to modify the hockey players' training sessions in the fourth year of the initial training stage. The athletes were divided into a control group CG (n=18) and an experimental group EG (n=18). Training sessions in both groups were conducted 3 times a week according to (Federal standard of sports training for the sport "Hockey", 2022) for 6 months and included 75 sessions. In EG, in the preparatory and at the beginning of the main part of the training, the complexes and methods of performing physical activity with a total duration of 15-20 minutes were carried out. The revealed psychomotor characteristics of athletes were used in the methodology. Results. The analysis of the research results revealed significant differences in psychomotor qualities among young hockey players, which are related to their psychological status. The use of the identified peculiarities in the modified training methodology allowed obtaining a more significant result in the development of psychomotor qualities in extroverted and introverted hockey players in the experimental group compared with the control one. Conclusions. The increase in indicators of young hockey players' psychomotor abilities will be most effective if a modified technique is used in the training process, which is based on the use of knowledge about the type of a young hockey player's activity mental regulation, such as extraversion and introversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Enhancing students' resilience against exam-related stress remains a pressing concern for both researchers and educators. Sports activities have been identified as a potential avenue to mitigate the adverse effects of psychoemotional stress associated with exams. Research objective: To evaluate the impact of sports activities on the adaptation of university students' functional and psychophysiological systems to the stress induced by exams. Materials and methods. 160 boys and girls (aged 17.8±1.2) who were university students in the Altai Territory took part in the research. The students were divided into 2 groups according to their relation to sports activities, non-sports (n=94) and students who have been actively engaged in various sports for at least 3 years (n=66). The examination of students was carried out during the inter-sessional period and on the day of the exam. To assess the physiological parameters of the students' cardiovascular system and higher nervous activity during the intersessional period and on the day of the exam, the «BioMysh - Physiologist» software and hardware complex of the «Neurolab» company (Russia) was used. The following parameters were studied: variation chronocardiometry, spectral analysis of heart rhythm and central hemodynamics. Of the psychophysiological research methods, the «Attention distribution» test was used. Results. It was found that the students-athletes' indicators values of the cardiovascular system and the psychophysiological status are significantly higher than those of students who do not do sports, p<0.05. These data indicate higher characteristics of stress resistance in the body of male and female athletes compared to students who ignore sports activities. Conclusions. The data obtained in the research can be implemented in practical recommendations for exam stress prevention among students and in the promotion of physical activity among the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Improving physical education means and methods among children, adolescents and youth is an urgent and indemand area of activity for specialists in this field. The low rate of improvement in the indicators of physical health of the population, its insufficient motivation for physical activity makes it necessary to search for effective methods of wellness orientation. Research aim. To develop and experimentally substantiate a program for motor qualities and coordination abilities development fitness in 12-14-years-old girls in the process of extracurricular step aerobics classes. Materials and methods. The experimental project was carried out on the basis of a comprehensive school in Chelyabinsk (Russia). There were 30 girls under observation, aged 12-14, who had no medical restrictions on physical activity. The girls were divided into two groups: control (CG, n=15) and experimental (EG, n=15). As part of additional physical education in school conditions, girls of both groups studied three times a week for 45 minutes according to the general education program «General physical training». The program used complexes of general developmental physical exercises to develop the students' basic motor qualities and coordination abilities. The educational process for the EG girls followed our developed program. EG girls engaged in a traditional general educational curriculum twice a week, while incorporating special aerobic exercise complexes using a step platform once a week. Rigorous testing was conducted to assess the level of general physical fitness and coordination abilities. Results. Upon project completion, it was evident that EG girls exhibited significantly higher values in almost all motor and coordination tests, along with notable growth rates than the CG girls. At the end of the project, 60.0% of girls were classified as «high» in terms of motor skills and 53.3% in coordination skills, which is significantly more than in CG. A positive vector for the motivation to engage in wellness fitness development has been established not only among EG girls, but also among their classmates. Conclusions. The proposed program for the general physical fitness and coordination skills development has shown its effectiveness. It can be used in regular and additional physical training of students, studying at educational institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

To enhance the educational and training processes for young football players, there is a need for further scientific investigation into specific aspects related to the manifestation of athletes' physical qualities, functional capabilities, and technical readiness. The objective is to establish the correlation between the levels of basic motor qualities, cardiorespiratory system function, and technical preparedness in football players aged 12-13, considering their varying degrees of speed abilities. Materials and methods. The research was conducted among football players aged 12-13, who showed different levels of speed abilities and engaged in this sport from 4 to 5 years. Training sessions were conducted according to the federal standard for the sport of "football" 4 times a week for 3 hours. In connection with the speed data of football players, the motor qualities manifestation peculiarities were studied. Generally accepted motor tests were used for this purpose. The values of heart rate and blood pressure, Robinson index, lung capacity and hypoxic samples were analyzed. Using tests, the state of young football players' technical readiness was assessed. Results. During the research, it was revealed that the "faster" football players had significantly high values of indicators in all motor qualities compared to their "slow" peers, with the exception of running time for 1000 m and results in the flexibility test. The functional parameters of the cardiovascular system of the young men in the two groups practically did not differ from each other. Higher values of respiratory system parameters were found in the group of "fast" football players compared with "slow" ones. Technically, the "fast" athletes turned out to be more trained. Conclusions. The use of the obtained data by football coaches will allow more effective training sessions in 12-13-years-old football players. The use of these techniques will prevent retraining of young football players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Recently, as a result of physical inactivity, modern man has experienced a decrease in his level of physical condition, including among rural residents. The development of innovative pedagogical methods for diagnosing dynamic human performance, which are generally accessible, informative and easy to implement, continues to be an urgent problem. Purpose: to develop and test an innovative method of pedagogical diagnostics of dynamic performance, based on individual ranking of functional indicators of the human body. Material & methods. The study was carried out on the basis of 24 educational institutions of general secondary education in the Brest, Grodno and Minsk regions of the Republic of Belarus. 2334 rural residents aged from 6 to 75 years were examined. To assess physical performance, a complex physical exercise was used, which included performing three tests each lasting 1 minute. The test used was push-ups, sit-ups and squats. Among the functional indicators, we used the measurement of heart rate before and after performing a complex physical exercise for 15 seconds during different periods of pulse recovery after performing the load, with the calculation using the proposed formula of a complex indicator of heart rate, height, pulse reaction and pulse value of the recovery period. The assessment of the individual rank of a person's dynamic performance was carried out according to the proposed formula, taking into account the values of the indicators of the individual rank of complex physical exercise (number of times) and the individual rank of the height of the pulse response to complex physical exercise and the pulse value of the recovery period (bpm). Results. We have developed and tested an innovative method of pedagogical diagnostics of dynamic human performance, on the basis of which we assessed the functional state of rural residents of the Republic of Belarus. The level of dynamic performance in the rural community was 8.45% (1 point or low level) for female representatives and 6.72% (1 point or low level) for male representatives. Analysis of the data obtained allows us to conclude a decrease in the function of the main functional systems of the body of rural residents, ensuring dynamic performance. Conclusions. According to the results of the study, the innovative methodology for pedagogical diagnostics of the dynamic performance of rural residents is publicly available, quite informative and easy to implement. The methodology we have developed is the basis for its mass application in the field of physical education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The exploration of the metabolic status in the elderly using non-invasive monitoring techniques for biological fluids remains a pertinent area of study. The correlation between crystallogenic parameters in biological fluids and the regular physical activity of individuals has not been comprehensively examined in the past. The objective of this research is to conduct a comparative evaluation of the physical and chemical properties of saliva in elderly individuals based on their regular physical training. Materials and methods. The study involved 94 participants with a mean age - of 64.7 ± 2.9 years. The cohort comprised 49 individuals actively participating in routine physical activity (main group), while the remaining 45 elderly participants did not engage in regular physical training (control group). All patients were examined at 2 control points: upon inclusion in the research project and 6 months after its completion. The crystallogenic properties of saliva were tested at these two control points. A proprietary system of semi-quantitative parameters for the description of crystalloscopic facia was used. Results. It was found that after 6 months of observation in both groups, the value of the crystallization index, which characterizes the number of crystalline elements in a dried saliva microslide, and the structural index, which indicates the complexity of their structure, decreases. In addition, a decrease in the area index of the edge protein part of the sample and an increase in the destruction degree of crystals were observed. These changes indicate a disturbance in the metabolic status of elderly people. All these negative changes were most pronounced only in elderly people who did not engage in sports, p <0.05. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate that metabolic disorders, which indicate the aging of the body, are significantly more pronounced in the group of patients who ignore regular physical activity. The study results can be used to promote regular physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Examining the genetic basis for hemodynamic responses to controlled physical activity in the elderly holds both scientific and practical significance within the realm of physical culture and sports, thereby expanding avenues for further investigation. The primary objective of this study was to assess the correlation between polymorphisms in select metabolic genes and the hemodynamic parameters of elderly individuals, both at rest and following controlled physical activity. The research involved 99 participants aged between 60 and 67, regularly engaging in physical training within a sports and recreation complex. During the initial phase, blood samples were collected from all subjects to analyze polymorphisms in four genes: synaptotagmin (SYT 10, rs6488162), branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 gene (BCAT 1, rs4963772), a gene responsible for a protein interacting with alpha-synuclein (SNCAIP, rs4836027), and the ubiquinone oxidoreductase A11 subunit gene (NDUFA11, rs12974440). The study of gene polymorphisms was carried out by real-time polymerase chain reaction. At the second stage, all subjects were tested using the six-minute walking technique at the maximum pace. The distance covered was recorded in meters. Before and immediately after the stress testing, the heart rate and the level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded by noninvasive tonometry. Based on these hemodynamic parameters, the predominant nature of the autonomic nervous system response to dosed physical activity was evaluated. Results. As a result of the research, we found that polymorphisms of metabolic profile genes play an essential role in human body functional response formation. On the one hand, some genotypes of the genes ST 10, BCAT1, SNCAIP and DUFA 11 are involved in determining the nature of the autonomic response to physical activity in the elderly people. On the other hand, the relationship of polymorphisms of most of these genes with both indicators of systemic hemodynamics in a calm state and their dynamics after performing stress testing in the form of a six-minute walk has been established. Conclusions. The established peculiarities of genetic determination and hemodynamic response at rest and after dosed physical activity expand the field of knowledge of this issue. The results obtained can be used in other scientific research in the field of physical culture and sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Despite the ongoing successes in utilizing physical education and health technologies to address physique disorders arising from an accumulation of excess adipose tissue, the imperative to further investigate preventive measures against such metabolic disorders in the adult population remains pertinent. Research aim: To identify additional risk factors influencing the development of excess body weight and obesity among individuals in the Republic of Kazakhstan, considering varying levels of weekly physical activity. Materials and methods. This research project was conducted at medical clinics in the city of Semey (Republic of Kazakhstan), involving the participation of 299 individuals, comprising 86 men (28.8%) and 213 women (71.2%), with an average age of 34.9 years. An anthropometric examination was performed, measuring length (cm) and body weight (kg) to calculate body mass index (BMI). Each participant in the study answered questions in a questionnaire that contained information about gender, education, profession, and social and living conditions. Responses to each question were assessed within a range of five answer options on a Likert scale. According to the level of weekly physical activity, all respondents were divided into two groups. The first group included respondents who had moderate weekly physical activity of more than 150 minutes per week or intense physical activity of at least 75 minutes per week. The second group included respondents whose weekly moderate or intense physical activity was less than 150 or 75 minutes per week, respectively. Results. A normal body mass index value was found in 52.5% of respondents. Insufficient weight was noted in 7.35%. Excess body weight - in 23.41% of surveyed respondents and obesity - in 16.72%. Most often, overweight and obesity are registered at the age of 42-49 years, as well as in the group of respondents over 50 years old. This allows us to classify them as a risk group for metabolic disorders in the body. Overweight and obesity were more often recorded in the group of women with low weekly physical activity (≤150 min per week). With physical inactivity, women can be considered at risk for overweight and obesity. Of all the respondents, the greatest satisfaction with physical activity was recorded in the group of respondents with a normal body mass index (47.1%). In the group of respondents with overweight or obesity, the minimum number of people who are satisfied with their physical activity was found. Respondents with normal weight in most cases prefer to engage in physical activity every day or 1-3 times a week. Respondents with overweight or obesity engage in physical activity mainly once a month or not at all. Conclusions. When organizing physical education and recreational activities to correct body weight, it is necessary to take into account the identified age and gender characteristics of risk groups of people with excess body weight and obesity and their relationship with the level of physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The search for innovative technologies to enhance the organization and execution of training sessions in rhythmic gymnastics is a pressing challenge. Currently, the intricacy and virtuosity of sports performance programs, choreography, technique, and tactics continue to increase. Athletes must possess a heightened physical and functional potential to excel in this demanding sport. The objective of this study was to elevate the efficacy of physical and functional training for 10-11-year-old female athletes specializing in rhythmic gymnastics during the stage of sports perfection. To address this, we developed and implemented innovative exercises from health fitness, integrating sports equipment into the annual training macrocycle. Materials and methods. The pedagogical experiment involved 20 female athletes aged 10-11 years, actively involved in rhythmic gymnastics during the third year of sports specialization at a sports school in the Siberian Federal District (Russia). Randomly divided into control (CG, n = 10) and experimental (EG, n = 10) groups. The gymnasts underwent training using a supplementary sports program aligned with the federal standard for sports training in artistic gymnastics. In the preparatory phase, we introduced innovative physical exercises utilizing sports equipment commonly associated with health and fitness. This involved performing exercise complexes on a stepping platform, a Bosu hemisphere, and fitness sliders. The specific physical training in both groups remained consistent, encompassing exercises using traditional equipment for rhythmic gymnastics. Throughout the experiment, both CG and EG gymnasts underwent limit tests evaluating functional indicators, basic motor qualities, static and dynamic balance, and control exercises from specialized physical training in rhythmic gymnastics. Results. After the annual pedagogical experiment, it was evident that gymnasts in the EG group significantly outperformed the CG group, which adhered to a traditional training program. The superiority of the EG group extended to basic motor qualities, cardio-respiratory functional indicators, static and dynamic balance, as well as control exercises in specialized physical training. Consequently, the EG group exhibited heightened levels of physical fitness compared to the CG group. Conclusions. The proposed methodology, integrating health and sports equipment to enhance the physical and functional fitness of young female athletes specializing in rhythmic gymnastics, demonstrated remarkable efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The rising prevalence of obesity and overweight individuals globally necessitates further research into measures to combat and prevent this pathology, especially as it relates to abdominal obesity, known to cause severe complications and premature death. The objective of this study is to assess predictors of abdominal obesity in the adult population of the Republic of Kazakhstan at varying levels of physical activity per week. Materials and Methods. The present study was executed on medical institutions in Semey city, Republic of Kazakhstan, spanning from 1st March to 31st May 2023. The research project consisted of 272 participants, with a mean age of 35.4 (±11.1) years. In the group of observed respondents, a majority of 69.5% were females. The body length and weight were measured using standardized protocols, and the body mass index (BMI) was computed from these measurements. Patients with a waist circumference of 120.0 cm and above in men and 88.0 cm and above in women were classified as abdominally obese. Abbreviations for technical terms were explained upon first use. All participants were divided into groups based on meeting or exceeding the global physical activity recommendations of 150 minutes per week or having less than 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week. The respondents also answered questions about their dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle. Research Findings. The research found gender disparities in the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity among the respondents surveyed. Men have a higher incidence of abdominal obesity compared to women. A substantial proportion of both men and women reported low weekly physical activity levels and a sedentary lifestyle. The study identified food habits that could potentially contribute to the development of abdominal obesity. Conclusions. The research project data supplements the existing knowledge on obesity in the field. It can aid specialists in physical education and medicine in rectifying eating habits, physical activity and lifestyles of adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Research into various means and methods, including physical activity, is necessary for scientists to comprehensively study the serious disturbances in men's comfort caused by disorders in the genitourinary system, with the aim of improving the quality of life indicators. The aim of this research is to investigate the correlation between the level of regular physical activity of men and their quality of life after a transurethral removal of prostate adenoma. Materials and methods. The research was conducted in medical institutions located in four cities of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The research evaluated 205 men, between the ages of 40 and 90 who had undergone transurethral resection of prostate adenoma. To compare the quality of life, a survey was performed using the SF-36 questionnaire. This questionnaire consists of 8 scales assessing the physical and mental condition of a person. The researchers categorized all participants into two different observation groups, depending on the volume and intensity of their regular physical activity. Group "O" (n = 68 men) was classified as those who had achieved the WHO-recommended optimal level of non-weekly physical activity, which was a minimum of 2.5hrs./week of moderate physical activity. A group of 136 men (Group "H") with a low level of physical activity, less than 2.5hrs./week, was included in the study. The weekly physical activity of the participants was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Research results. The study findings are as follows: Men in group "O" exhibited a cumulative value of 234 mins/week for moderate physical activity, indicating an 86.1% increase compared to men in group "H", who had recorded only 125.7 mins/week (p < 0.05). Men in group "O" engaged in non-weekly moderate physical activity with a mean of 149. This index was 1 minute per week and was 84.5% higher in men of group "O" compared to group "H", where it was 80.8 minutes per week (p < 0.05). Patients in group "O" had a 27.5% higher frequency of walking per week compared to men in group "H". The group of patients with optimal regular activity had a mean of 85.6 minutes of walking time per week, which was 90.6% higher than the mean among men in group "H" (44.9 minutes per week) (p < 0.05). Conclusions. In men who engage in regular physical activity at an optimal level, the values of indicators in all scales of quality of life were notably higher than those of men with low physical activity (p < 0.05). In conclusion, to alleviate discomfort caused by prostate adenoma in middleaged, elderly and senile men, promoting regular physical activity should be actively promoted in addition to medical measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Sports coaches require a wide range of knowledge, skills, and abilities, which necessitates continuous improvement of their professional competencies. Enhancing the effectiveness of forming professional competences in coaches remains a pressing issue that warrants thorough investigation. The research objective is to increase professional competencies level aimed to better educational and training processes. Additionally, it aims to analyse the significance of expanding the professional knowledge, skills, and abilities of boxing coaches. The study employed the following research materials and methods. Sixteen coaches from a system of additional training in boxing participated in the research. They had varying experience in training and pedagogical work, ranging from one year to over twenty years. The research used a questionnaire survey to determine the extent to which specialists in martial arts need to supplement their knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform their professional functions in accordance with the requirements set by the professional standard, "Coach". To achieve this, we utilized the questionnaire modified by Brazhnik and colleagues (2021). We organized all questionnaire items into three categories: these categories were named 'job activity', 'skills required' and 'knowledge required'. Responses to each question were scored on a three-point scale. Findings of the research. Martial arts professionals rated the degree of necessity to acquire knowledge and skills on the proposed training topics from the three highlighted blocks as 'high'. The degree of necessity ranged from 12.5% to 100.0%. The most popular training topics included the implementation of innovative methods in sports training, the creation and approval of innovative methods in boxing education and training processes using competent approaches, the use of information and communication technologies and means of communication in sport, and innovative methods for conducting education and training sessions. In conclusion, boxing coaches with additional education should develop their expertise and skills in innovative training methods, especially in the areas of professional activities, professional skills and theoretical knowledge. Professional activities, professional skills and theoretical knowledge The results of the questionnaires are useful in designing professional development programmes for boxing coaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Purpose. To determine the strength of the relationship between the body mass index and the functional state of the neuromuscular apparatus of students with different levels of somatic health in order to correct the educational process in physical education classes. Materials and methods. The study involved 216 students of the Medical University of Nizhny Novgorod (Russia) aged 19.6±1.4 years. Of these, 101 male students took part in the study, namely, 59 of them had a basic medical group, and 42 people had a preparatory medical group for physical culture and sports, and 115 female students, of which 71 people had a basic medical group, and 44 people have a preparatory group. To determine height and weight indicators, as well as body mass index, a certified height meter with floor scales was used. We correlated the obtained data with the gradation of body mass index according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization. The state of the neuromuscular apparatus was assessed using two tests: the tapping test and the accuracy of muscle efforts. The tapping test was carried out according to the standard method. The strength assessment was determined by the method of carpal dynamometry with the calculation of absolute and relative strength indices. In addition, the accuracy of muscle efforts was monitored and correlated with a standardized scale for interpreting the results. To determine the relationship between body mass index and the state of the neuromuscular apparatus, the correlation coefficient was used. Results. It was found that among the male representatives of the preparatory group, the body mass index approaches the state of obesity. In the study of the coefficient of strength of the nervous system, an average type is observed in all representatives of the student youth, however, in the girls of the main group, there is a tendency to shift towards a strong type of the nervous system, especially for the right hand, and a more pronounced increase in the coefficient of functional asymmetry was recorded in the boys of the preparatory group. According to the values of absolute and relative strength indicators of the hands of both hands, significantly low strength characteristics were recorded in boys and girls of the preparatory group. The accuracy of muscle efforts shows a higher adaptability in the performance of the test among the students of the main group. Conclusions. Correlation analysis demonstrated a relationship between an increase in body mass index and a tendency to a weak type of nervous system, as well as a certain increase in strength indicators and a decrease in the accuracy of their reproduction with various muscle efforts in the absence of visual control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Improving the educational and training process of people involved in taekwondo continues to be an urgent problem. The issues of the influence of CrossFit training on the cardiorespiratory system, physical development and physical fitness of young taekwondo athletes remain unresolved. Research aim: Use CrossFit training to increase the reserve capacity of the cardio-respiratory system and motor skills in young taekwondo athletes. Materials and methods. The pilot project involved 56 young taekwondo athletes. Of these: 28 boys and 28 girls aged 10-12. 2 experimental groups (EG) and 2 control groups (CG) were formed. In the training program for the training of taekwondo athletes of the experimental groups, complexes of physical exercises from the CrossFit system ("CrossFit for younger teenagers") were introduced. These CrossFit exercises were aimed at improving the functional state of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system and physical performance. These indicators directly influenced physical fitness. The control groups of athletes were engaged in accordance with the generally accepted taekwondo program. Conducted boundary testing of performance indicators of the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems. The boundary state of the athletes' physical fitness was assessed. Results. The effectiveness of the proposed experimental CrossFit training complexes for increasing the reserve capabilities of the cardiorespiratory, muscular system, power, speed-strength, coordination qualities and general endurance in comparison with athletes who used the traditional training program for this sport has been reliably proven. Conclusions. The data obtained during the pilot project can be used in the program of the training process for preparing beginner taekwondo athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Reserve body capabilities and human health state assessment at the early stages of genesis is an urgent problem not only in clinical practice, but also in the field of physical education and sports. Purpose: application of the technique of laser Doppler flowmetry in physical education classes for the study of blood micro-circulation in students with health abnormalities. Materials and methods. The experiment involved 117 students (boys n=53, girls n=64, aged 18.4 ±0.3 years), who had a special medical group for physical education according to the results of periodic medical examination. To assess the functional state of the micro-circulation system, a laser blood micro-circulation device «LAZMA-PF» was used. Testing was carried out in the middle of the school day, during the inter-session period, in a state of physiological rest. Registration of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was performed from the skin of the index finger of the left hand, in a sitting position. The assessment of blood oxygen saturation (saturation, SPO2) was performed using a pulse oximeter. Results. When studying micro-circulation in students of different sexes, there is a relative weakening of arterial vascular tone and an increase in blood volume in arterioles in males, as well as a deeper modulation of blood flow in this category of students. At the same time, the coefficient of variation value shows an improvement in the state of micro-circulation in girls. This is realized in the mechanisms of ensuring vascular tone, where in girls there is an increase in the neurogenic and endothelial components of regulation, and in boys there is an increase in passive links in ensuring micro-circulation. In girls, there is an increase in blood oxygen saturation, as well as a higher rate of heart rate and systolic blood pressure. The studied parameters indicate an increase in tension in the cardiovascular system regulation in male students. Conclusions. The data obtained during the study of students' body micro-circulation can be used for dynamic monitoring of students' with disabilities health status, and, if necessary, to correct motor activity and the mode of educational and daily activities. Undoubtedly, conducting these research works is also useful when conducting stress tests, as well as when studying the dynamics of changes in the functional status of micro-circulation in different periods of the academic year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The widespread occurrence of posture disorders in children and adolescents in many countries actualizes further search for the use of means and methods of physical culture and sports for the effective correction of spinal deformities. Research aim. To develop and test a method for correcting posture disorders in 8-10-years-old girls based on the means and methods of rhythmic gymnastics. Materials and methods. The research project was conducted for 9 months among 28 girls aged 8-10 years on the basis of a school in Chelyabinsk (Russia). According to medical records, all of them had posture disorders in the sagittal and frontal planes, were divided into CG (14 girls) and EG (14 girls). Both groups attended PE classes according to the generally accepted curriculum, 3 times a week for 45 minutes. To correct the CG girls' posture, a typical set of physical exercises designed for a special medical group was used at each lesson. In each lesson of the traditional curriculum for EG girls, a health-improving story rhythmic gymnastics was included, which was carried out for 15-20 minutes. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, we examined the state of active flexibility of the spine, the dynamic strength of the muscles of the back and abdomen, and tested the basic motor qualities. Results. At the end of the experiment, EG girls showed an increase in spinal flexibility, strength of the back muscles, abdominals, and motor qualities, p < 0.05. The increase in the values of the indicators was significantly greater in EG girls compared to the results of CG ones. It was possible to stabilize the value of the index of the arc angle of the spinal column deformation in 78.5% of the girls in the experimental group. In the control group, the stabilization of scoliosis in girls was registered 2.75 times less often. Conclusions. The proposed method of correcting posture disorders using story rhythmic gymnastics expands the list of means and methods of improving children's health. The obtained effective results of posture disorders correction in EG girls allow recommending a proven method for use in educational institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The search for ways to optimize PE classes for students, to improve their physical health, is an urgent problem of modern pedagogical science. Research aim. To improve the level of physical fitness, a program of training sessions for young students' physical education using basketball with a competitive orientation has to be developed and tested. Materials and methods. The research project was conducted among 79 students of the Technical University of Irkutsk (Russia), who were randomly assigned to CG (n= 56) and EG (n=23). PE classes for all young men were held 2 times a week for 90 minutes during the school year. CG students performed physical activities according to the generally accepted curriculum for universities. Sports-oriented training sessions of EG students using basketball were divided into two macrocycles of 17 weeks each, corresponding to semesters of study. Each macrocycle consisted of a preparatory period, which included working stages lasting from two to nine weeks of basketball training sessions. At the beginning and at the end of the research project, boundary testing of physical fitness of young men of both observation groups was carried out using motor tests, and students' motivation for physical activity was studied using a questionnaire. Results. It was found that at the end of the project, a significantly meaningful increase in indicators in all motor tests was registered in EG boys, where sports technology was used in physical education compared to CG boys, where the traditional curriculum was used. In the experimental group of young men, a significant increase in motivation for physical education and independent motor activity was noted. Conclusions. The obtained data of the research project expand knowledge about sports-oriented physical education of students using basketball and allow them to be recommended in other educational institutions to increase the level of physical fitness and motivation for young people's physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Improving the effectiveness of primary school educational process of physical education using case methods is an urgent and timely task of pedagogy. Research aim: to develop and test a pedagogical case-technology for the universal educational actions development in the process of younger schoolchildren's physical education. Materials and methods. The research project was conducted at a secondary school in Chelyabinsk (Russia) from September 2021 to May 2022. 48 children aged 10-11 (4th grade schoolchildren) took part in the project. 24 people made up the control group (CG), which was engaged in accordance with the traditional program of physical education and 24 people - experimental group (EG). Case tasks aimed at the universal educational activities development and improvements were introduced into the physical education lessons in this group. In the homework of EG group children, they were asked to perform case tasks of varying complexity in a developed workbook on physical education throughout the school year. Psycho diagnostics methods were used to assess and distribute schoolchildren according to the levels of personal, regulatory, cognitive and communicative educational actions formation: Luskanova (1999), point; Gorchinskaya (1999), point; children's version of the Kettell and Koan test (Kapustina, 2006), point. We conducted a questionnaire survey of schoolchildren's parents in order to identify the attitude to the case tasks implementation by children and to attract them to participate in family physical culture and sports events. Results. At the end of the research project, it was found that the experimental system of using the case method in the process of primary school children's physical education had a significant impact on the increase in the personal, regulatory, communicative and cognitive educational actions level development. There was a much greater development of interest among schoolchildren of the experimental group in the implementation of the proposed school and extracurricular educational tasks in physical culture using case technology and involving the children's parents in joint physical culture and sports activities. Conclusions. The developed experimental system for the case method application for the development of primary schoolchildren's universal educational actions in the process of physical education, which provides for the case tasks use in both scheduled and home forms of physical education with the use of a workbook turned out to be more effective than the traditional curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Timely correction of students' educational process of physical education refers to an important and necessary and urgent problem of physical culture. Research aim. To conduct a comparative index assessment of female students' in various medical health groups for physical education physical development, body component composition and motor qualities with a significant time interval. Materials and methods. An index assessment of the 1368 in 17-20-year-old girls physical development was carried out in 2009-2010 (n = 756) and in 2019-2020 (n = 612) academic years. Physical development was assessed using the following indices: Quetelet; Quetelet II (BMI); Rohrer; Pinier; Erisman proportionality index; strength and Robinson index. In girls of all populations, the component composition of the body was studied with the calculation of the bone, fat and muscle composition of the body values according to Mateika formulas. Using motor tests, the state of physical fitness of all girls was studied. Results. It was found that the values of all female students' assigned to a special medical group anthropometric indices were significantly lower than such indicators values in girls of the main medical group in all years of observation, p<0.05. The results of the data analysis of the survey of girls' population in the 2019-2020 academic year, compared with the data of female student's survey in the 2009-2010 academic year, indicate a higher body weight, a deterioration in physique, a decrease in the strength abilities of modern girls. There was an increase in fat mass and the Robinson index in modern girls, which indicates a decrease in the reserve capacity of the heart muscle for physical exertion. This is confirmed by lower results of testing the motor qualities of girls surveyed in the 2019-2020 academic year. Conclusions. The data of the physical development monitoring in combination with the results of the analysis of the body component composition and physical fitness of female students in different populations and health groups allowed determining the vector of changes in physical health. The data obtained make it possible to make adjustments to the planning of the students' educational process of physical education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The study of the question of the interdependence of different levels of motor activity of students and their performance seems to be relevant for the professional development of future specialists. Research aim. Reveal the dependence between the academic performance of university students on the volume of their weekly physical activity. Materials and methods. The research project was carried out in 2018 - 2022. on the basis of two universities of the Siberian Federal District (Russia). 208 students were under observation, who were divided into 2 groups depending on the level of their weekly physical activity. The first group included student-athletes, who are characterized by high motor activity. The second group included students who, due to illness, attended a special medical group and had limitations in the volume and intensity of physical activity. The level of weekly physical activity of all students was assessed using the IPAQ - SF questionnaire. The assessment of the academic performance of each student was carried out on the basis of an analysis of examination sheets for the entire period of study at the university. Results. It was found that among student-athletes the results of physical activity indicators were significantly higher than among students exempted from traditional physical activity. The indicator of academic progress was significantly higher among student-athletes compared with students with a low level of weekly physical activity, p<0.05. The average score of student-athletes was 9.8% higher than that of students exempted from physical activity, p<0.05. Conclusions. Going in for sports among young people contributes not only to the preservation and improvement of the level of physical and somatic health, but is important for the development of the cognitive abilities of future specialists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Improving the methods of the body vegetative disorders correction with the use of swimming seems relevant and timely. Purpose: studying a prolonged course of physical activity in an aquatic environment effect on the vegetative support of the body in university students using the heart rate variability method. Materials and methods. 47 young men-1-2 year students of three universities from Nizhny Novgorod (Russia) were included in the experiment. Heart rate variability registration was carried out by the diagnostic complex «Poly-Spectrum» (Neurosoft, Ivanovo) in the supine position. The standard characteristics of heart rate variability were studied. The registration of indicators was carried out before the start of classes and after a four-month swimming course with a frequency of classes 1 time per week lasting 60 minutes. One-factor analysis of variance ANOVA was used to compare these samples with each other. Results. It is established that before the start of swimming classes, vegetative support is characterized by a certain increase in the tension of regulatory mechanisms and a decrease in functional reserves, which is associated with high educational and psycho-emotional activity of junior studying years students. After exposure to four-month weekly cyclic physical activity in the form of swimming, stabilization of parameters is observed in the field of the autonomous regulation circuit contribution strengthening, the predominance of normotonia, a decrease in the stress index and an increase in physical performance among the studied university students. Conclusions. Taking into account the positive effect of swimming on the body of those engaged in it, it can be recommended for vegetative disorders and improving physical performance correction in junior high school students under the control of the heart rate variability method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Improving the methods of medical and pedagogical control over persons engaged in physical culture and sports is an urgent problem. Purpose: using cluster analysis to carry out the distribution of students into groups of the body adaptive reserves levels in the post-loading period. Materials and methods. 75 students studying at universities in Nizhny Novgorod (Russia) took part in the research. Generally accepted motor tests were used as physical activity. The adaptive reserves level was studied in the post-loading period for 10 minutes after the load, according to heart rate variability (HRV). Statistical and spectral indicators of HRV, stress index level, heart rate, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure were analyzed. To determine the number of clusters, the method of hierarchical clustering was used with a Dendrogram construction. Cluster analysis was performed using the K-means method using Euclidean distances between cluster centroids. Results. There have been cases of cardiac rhythm adjustment inability to the effect of physical activity, a tendency to arrhythmogenic events, which indicates the lack of satisfactory adaptation of the heart rhythm in some group of young men. Cases of body overstrain with the presence of heart rhythm centralization in the post-loading period were revealed. During the hierarchical clustering, the presence of three separate clusters was revealed. At the same time, one cluster stands out significantly relative to the other groups of subjects. Conclusions. The obtained reliable differences of cluster groups indicate the different status of groups of young men. This fact provides the basis for a possible correction of physical activity in a separate category of persons and a personalized approach to students' physical training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Environmental education of children is a part of the educational process. The purpose of the scientific research is to test the pedagogical mixed technology for the development of environmental competence in 7-9-years-old children with the help of means and methods of physical education. Materials and methods. The research project involved 44 secondary school students in Chelyabinsk (Russia). The children of the experimental group were engaged in a curriculum based on interdisciplinary connections between physical culture and ecology. At each lesson, the children performed physical exercises with imitation of ecological behavior at home and outdoors. The program of the third lesson per week included all-weather outdoor activities. The children performed home creative tasks (research projects) of an ecological and health-improving orientation. In the control group, environmental education was carried out according to the traditional form. A high-stakes monitoring of the ecological footprint and motor qualities was carried out. Results. Cognitive, emotional-cognitive and behavioral criteria of environmental competence significantly increased in EG children, as well as their interest in physical activity and motor qualities, compared with children where training was conducted using a traditional educational program. Conclusions. The combination of children's ecological and physical education under the conditions of school education is the basis for eco-culture and health care of the younger generation formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

In physical culture and sports practice, the study of hemodynamic parameters in persons performing physical activity is an important direction of current and future planning of educational and training processes. It is possible to use instrumental and computational methods using formulas. To choose the method of hemodynamic research, there is a need to compare the reliability of the results obtained by various methods. Research aim: to evaluate the reliability of the students' cardiovascular system hemodynamic parameters obtained by calculation using formulas and data obtained during testing using the MedicalSoft sports testing system. Research materials and methods. 100 students of the Volga Research Medical University (Russia) took part in the research. Blood pressure was determined tonometrically, using an automatic tonometer «Omron M2 Basic», heart rate was recorded using a tonometer and a sports testing system MedicalSoft. The following hemodynamic indicators were used for the analysis: shock volume and total peripheral vascular resistance, which were determined by manual calculation using the Starr and Poiseuille formulas, as well as during testing of the subjects on the MedicalSoft software and hardware complex. Statistical processing of the research results was carried out using the Statistica 10.1 and Excel for Windows software package and the Blend-Altman method in accordance with the author's methodology. Research results. The absence of statistically significant differences between two different models for measuring hemodynamic parameters (p > 0.05) was found. Based on the results obtained, almost all values are within the confidence limits so, this fact gives grounds to consider the data obtained during measurement by the MedicalSoft software and hardware complex reliable. Conclusions. The absence of significant differences in the two methods for assessing hemodynamic parameters opens up opportunities for using the MedicalSoft system during systemic hemodynamics screening. If it is impossible to use the instrumental method, the hemodynamic functions of the body can be estimated by the calculation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The study of the motor culture of the personality of rural residents seems to be relevant due to the lack of knowledge of this issue. Identification of cause-and-effect relationships between the living environment and the human population is a relevant direction in the field of physical education. The aim of this research is to develop a method of complex pedagogical diagnostics of the motor culture of a person in a rural community based on a personal-activity approach, to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach using publicly available means of pedagogical control. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in the conditions of a natural pedagogical experiment from 2017 to 2020 in rural areas (Republic of Belarus). The project involved 957 rural residents aged 6 to 75 years. The data obtained were subjected to a comparative analysis with the results of other authors, generalized, synthesized and used to develop a comprehensive methodology for assessing the motor culture of a person. Results. An innovative methodology for a comprehensive pedagogical assessment of a person's motor culture based on functional, myofascial and motor-behavioral diagnostics is proposed. Based on the results of pedagogical diagnostics, an assessment is made of the level of motor activity, and recommendations are developed for the motor activity content of a person's day regimen. Conclusions. The results of the study prove that the proposed method is effective. This technique consists of publicly available and quite informative methods of pedagogical diagnostics of motor activity components for most representatives of the rural community: individual daily motor regime, physical development, functional state, physical fitness, taking into account gender and age differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

All elements of defense and attack in karate are performed with maximum speed and considerable force. Therefore, speed and speed-strength qualities development in an athlete is an important direction of the training process. Purpose: To develop and test a training program for improving the speed qualities of the initial stage of sports training in karate for 9-10-year-old boys. Materials and methods. 22 boys aged 9-10 years of the second year of Kyokushin karate took part in the research project. In the control group, 11 children were engaged in the program of the federal standard of Russia in the sport "karate". The training process in the experimental group was carried out according to our proposed program for the development of speed abilities. The training provided for an increase in time and funds aimed at the development of speed and speed-strength qualities in general physical training, as well as the use of the method of circular training in the special physical training of karatekas. In both groups, a milestone testing of speed and speed-strength fitness was carried out, as well as an expert assessment of the technical qualities of athletes in the «kata» and «kumite» exercises. Results. At the end of the research project, the athletes of the experimental group found a significant improvement and increase in the values of test indicators of speed and speed-strength fitness. In special speed tests for martial artists, the expert assessment of technical readiness significantly increased (p < 0.05), compared with the results of testing athletes in the control group. Conclusions. The program we proposed showed its effectiveness in comparison with the traditional training program and can be used to develop high-speed qualities in other types of martial arts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...