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It is likely that blending hydrogen into natural gas grids could contribute to economy-wide decarbonization while retaining some of the benefits that natural gas networks offer energy systems. Hydrogen injection into existing natural gas infrastructure is recognised as a key solution for energy storage during periods of low electricity demand or high variable renewable energy penetration. In this scenario, natural gas networks provide an energy vector parallel to the electricity grid, offering additional energy transmission capacity and inherent storage capabilities. By incorporating green hydrogen into the NG network, it becomes feasible to (i) address the current energy crisis, (ii) reduce the carbon intensity of the gas grid, and (iii) promote sector coupling through the utilisation of various renewable energy sources. This study gives an overview of various interchangeability indicators and investigates the permissible ratios for hydrogen blending with two types of natural gas distributed in Tunisia (ANG and MNG). Additionally, it examines the impact of hydrogen injection on energy content variation and various combustion parameters. It is confirmed by the data that ANG and MNG can withstand a maximum hydrogen blend of up to 20%. The article’s conclusion emphasises the significance of evaluating infrastructure and safety standards related to Tunisia’s natural gas network and suggests more experimental testing of the findings. This research marks a critical step towards unlocking the potential of green hydrogen in Tunisia.

Introduction: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the most frequent cause of respiratory distress in preterm neonates. In the management of RDS, surfactant plays a pivotal role, but there are no evidence-based recommendations for moderate/late preterm neonates (32–36 weeks). Methods: A scientific committee developed a questionnaire with 53 questions addressing diagnosis, treatment, potential complications and future trends in RDS specifically focused on moderate and late preterm neonates. This was followed by the performance of a Delphi survey of expert neonatologists. Results: Consensus was reached on 98 of the 109 items. The recommendations for the diagnosis of RDS included performing a lung ultrasound and including mild respiratory distress, transient tachypnoea of the newborn, congenital pneumonia and primary pulmonary hypertension in the differential diagnosis. Most panellists agreed on the need for studies that determine the benefit/harm balance, clinical profile and methods of surfactant administration in moderate/late preterm neonates. All respondents would use the MIST approach with devices specifically designed for surfactant administration. Regarding sedation measures during MIST, most participants agreed on the use of nonpharmacological interventions and, if these proved ineffective, an opioid. All respondents agreed that moderate/late preterm neonates are at increased risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly respiratory problems, and considered the need for more specialised monitoring in hospital follow-up visits in neonates with associated risk factors or a history of complications in the neonatal period. Finally, all respondents agreed that there is a lack of studies identifying risk factors and medium-term adverse outcomes in moderate/late preterm neonates. Conclusion: This expert consensus will help with the diagnosis and management of RDS and guide decision-making about surfactant administration in moderate/late preterm neonates. Resumen: Introducción: El síndrome de distrés respiratorio (SDR) es la causa más frecuente de distrés respiratorio en los recién nacidos prematuros. El surfactante desempeña un papel fundamental en el tratamiento del SDR, pero no existen recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia en neonatos prematuros moderados/tardíos (32-36 semanas). Métodos: Un Comité Científico diseñó un cuestionario con 53 preguntas que abordaban el diagnóstico, el tratamiento, las posibles complicaciones y las tendencias futuras del SDR, específicamente en los recién nacidos prematuros moderados y tardíos. Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo una encuesta Delphi entre neonatólogos con experiencia en el campo. Resultados: Se alcanzó consenso en 98 de los 109 ítems incluidos. Se recomendó la realización de una ecografía pulmonar y la consideración de la dificultad respiratoria leve, la taquipnea transitoria del recién nacido, la neumonía congénita y la hipertensión pulmonar primaria durante el diagnóstico diferencial. La mayoría de los panelistas coincidieron en la necesidad de realizar estudios para determinar el riesgo/beneficio, el perfil clínico y los métodos de administración de surfactante en neonatos prematuros moderados/tardíos. Se recomendó la técnica MIST con dispositivos específicamente diseñados para la administración de surfactante. La mayoría de los participantes coincidieron en recomendar el uso de procedimientos no farmacológicos de sedación durante el MIST y, en caso de ineficacia, un opiáceo. Todos los encuestados coincidieron en que los prematuros moderados/tardíos presentan mayor riesgo de morbimortalidad neonatal, en particular de problemas respiratorios, y consideraron necesario más monitorización especializada en el seguimiento hospitalario de neonatos con mayor riesgo y/o complicaciones. Por último, todos los encuestados coincidieron en la falta de estudios para identificar factores de riesgo y resultados adversos a medio plazo en neonatos prematuros moderados/tardíos. Conclusiones: Este consenso de expertos será de ayuda en el diagnóstico y manejo del SDR y en la decisión de administrar surfactantes en neonatos prematuros moderados/tardíos.

Background The global COVID-19 pandemic has shown the vulnerability of some population groups, including persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Aim The present paper will provide more clarity and understanding of the experiences of family members of persons with IDD housed in residential facilities in Catalonia within the period of maximum restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods and procedures Semi-structured interviews were conducted using an interpretive phenomenological qualitative approach. Study participants consisted of 14 relatives of IDD individuals who were institutionalized in residence facilities or homes. The guiding questions emerged from group discussions with relatives of those with IDD who did not participate in the subsequent interviews. Drawing from this group, the factors that were identified to have had the greatest impact on their lives were later used to guide the interviews. Data collection was carried out in face-to-face individual interviews that were recorded together with the observations of two researchers between February and October 2022. Results Our analysis identified 4 main themes that developed into additional factors: the decision to stay at home or in the residence, fear, illness, and protocol. Individuals with IDD lost their daily routines, suffered from social isolation, and did not understand the situation. Conclusion The results of this study allow for a better understanding of the experiences of families of persons with IDD in residential centres during the lockdown by identifying their needs and how to better support them in the future. Outcomes and results Knowledge and understanding of these events should allow for better management of similar situations in the future.

The Twenty Eyes Aqueduct stands as a monumental hydraulic structure with a rich history spanning several centuries, poised to be designated as a heritage asset of cultural interest (Bien de Interés Cultural, BIC). This infrastructure poses a significant challenge for structural simulation, given the heterogeneous nature of its materials, geometric irregularities and challenging accessibility. Recent advancements in UAV photogrammetry, coupled with the evolution of BIM and the computational capabilities of modern computers for calculating FEM, present a methodology for simulating the behaviour of structures under applied loads. This approach enables us to address the tasks of reconstruction, protection and conservation of our heritage with unprecedented precision, speed and perspective. In this study, the innovative Cloud-to-BIM-to-FEM methodology is applied, which is capable of converting BIM models generated from point clouds into FEM. Obtaining the point cloud was possible using UAV photogrammetry, during which a 3D survey of the current state of the aqueduct was conducted. The point cloud obtained served as the basis for generating an HBIM that accurately represents the geometry of the aqueduct (Cloud-to-BIM). The HBIM was then transformed into a FEM model that respects the monument’s singularity without excessive geometric simplifications (BIM-to-FEM). Finally, various considerations were deduced regarding the stability of the aqueduct and its structural behaviour by applying loads such as wind and earthquake.

The CRISPR/Cas9 system has transformed genome editing by enabling precise modifications for diverse applications. Recent advancements, including base editing and prime editing, have expanded its utility beyond conventional gene knock-out and knock-in strategies. Additionally, several catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9) proteins fused to distinct activation domains have been developed to modulate endogenous gene expression when directed to their regulatory regions by specific single-guide RNAs. Here, we report the development of the H9 human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) line expressing an inducible dCas9-SAM activator (H9-iCas9.SAM), designed to activate transcription of endogenous genes. The H9-iCas9.SAM cells were generated through targeted integration of an inducible CRISPR/Cas9-based gene activator cassette into the AAVS1 “safe-harbour” locus. Molecular analyses confirmed precise and specific integration, ensuring minimal off-target effects. Functional characterization revealed that H9-iCas9.SAM cells retain pluripotency and display inducible endogenous gene activation upon doxycycline treatment. The versatility of H9-iCas9.SAM cells was demonstrated in directed in vitro differentiation assays, yielding neural stem cells (ectoderm), hematopoietic progenitor cells (mesoderm), and hepatocytes (endoderm). This underscores their potential in developmental biology studies and cell therapy applications. The engineered H9-iCas9.SAM line provides a robust platform for investigating gene function and advancing next-generation cell-based therapies.

This paper presents a proof-of-concept of a versatile Power Quality (PQ) analyser for tracking the voltage supply in industrial and residential sectors. It implements 2D Higher-Order Statistics (HOS) to assess voltage quality, based more on the sinusoidal waveform than on power fluctuations. Beyond the second-order parameters and permissible deviations regulated by the norm, EN 50160, the two-dimensional traces and probability density functions, along with a previously studied differential index, manage to identify different states of the electrical grid. Waveforms were measured in the wall plugs of a public building. In regard to analysing reliability and voltage waveform, the results corroborate that incorporating skewness and kurtosis indicators improves the characterisation, as well as extracting the customers’ supply behaviour under normal and anomalous operations. The instrument showed good behaviour in site characterisation, and the implemented method was considered as a probabilistic approach for the risk assessment of an installation. The prototype was tested in the facilities of a public building of the university, being able to detect deviations in 10 s traces of 3.9% in variance and 0.6% in kurtosis.

Background/Objectives: To compare the lumbopelvic muscle mechanical properties (MMPs) of women with and without multiple sclerosis (MS) and explore relationships between these properties and sociodemographic/clinical characteristics. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 22 women with MS and 22 age- and BMI-matched women without MS. MMPs (frequency, stiffness, decrement, relaxation, and creep) of pelvic floor and lumbar paravertebral muscles were assessed using a MyotonPRO device. Sociodemographic and clinical data related to pelvic floor health were also collected. Results: Women with MS showed significant differences in pelvic floor MMPs, including higher frequency (3.26 Hz; 95% CI [2.12, 4.41]), stiffness (90 N/m; 95% CI [55.09, 124.91]), and decrement (0.2; 95% CI [0.09, 0.31]), and lower relaxation (6.15 ms; 95% CI [8.26, 4.05]) and creep (0.24; 95% CI [0.34, 0.13]) compared to women without MS. For lumbar paravertebral muscles, differences were observed only on the right side, with lower frequency (2.15 Hz; 95% CI [0.28, 4.02]) and stiffness (62.17 N/m; 95% CI [10.7, 113.65]) in women with MS. Correlation patterns between MMPs and clinical characteristics differed by group, with moderate correlations found only in the MS group (e.g., EDSS: r = 0.57; p = 0.006; PFDI-20: r = 0.47; p = 0.026). Conclusions: Women with MS exhibit altered pelvic floor MMPs, characterized by reduced tone and stiffness and increased elasticity and viscoelasticity, while lumbar paravertebral differences are minimal. These findings highlight the need for objective MMP assessments in women with MS to guide preventive and therapeutic interventions.

Abstract Mussels (Mytilus spp.) are abundant in the North Atlantic, sessile, and sensitive to environmental change, and suitable as sentinels of environment and climate change of costal ecosystems. We aimed to determine the baseline for the Northeast Atlantic (58–70°N) Mytilus species complex, and to show the present distribution to surveys conducted 60 years ago. Baseline was obtained by investigating a total of 509 stations in the intertidal zone, in four regions comprising the environmental gradient from head of fjord to coast, and distributed over the latitudinal gradient from 58 to 70°N. The baseline shows a range in continuous abundance of mussels from 12% to 36%, patchy abundance from 26% to 57% and no or very limited mussel abundance from 26% to 46% between the four regions. The presence of mussels in the southeast and west region was visualized to previous surveys conducted 60 years ago. The data points to similar past and present presence of mussels in both regions, yet past major mussel fields in the inner section of region southeast was not detected in this study. The baseline of Mytilus spp. in the Northeast Atlantic (58–70°N) is now available for future reference. The baseline, plotted to surveys conducted 60 years ago, points to awareness of the population situated in the southeast section of the investigated region. Continued monitoring and modeling are needed to clarify drivers of temporal and spatial variation in the mussel populations along the Northeastern Atlantic coast.

Facilitating a sustainable transition process, whether on a global or local scale, entails crafting an energy mix tailored to meet the specific needs of users. The objective is to pinpoint the most effective future strategy that optimizes both socio-economic benefits and sustainability. To tackle these challenges, a plethora of modeling tools now exists to evaluate various scenarios prior to implementation. However, it is worth noting that modeling tools are primarily geared towards economic optimization, exemplified by the open-source energy modeling system, OSeMOSYS. This paper proposes an optimization methodology encompassing economic, energetic, and environmental sustainability, introducing the most widely referenced estimator as an economic additional cost using the weight sum and monetization methodology. The ramifications of integrating these different estimators in terms of energy matrix design, costs, and emissions are thoroughly evaluated. Furthermore, the optimal selection criteria are delineated based on users’ anticipated objectives. To ensure the reproducibility of the study, we present an exercise utilizing data from Atlantis framework, which shares characteristics of both developing and developed nations. The main results indicate that implementing sustainability, despite not causing significant variations in overall costs (¡0.5%), leads to a 35% decrease in emissions. However, there is a 14.5% increase in investment costs, while residual costs rise by 6%.

IntroductionThe care of people with schizophrenia (PWS) is usually provided in an outpatient setting by community mental health teams. However, PWS frequently require inpatient treatment because of a wide array of clinical, personal and/or social situations. Unfortunately, to our knowledge, there are no guidelines available to help psychiatrists in the decision-making process on hospital discharge for PWS. The aim of this project was to develop an expert consensus on discharge criteria for PWS after their stay in an acute inpatient psychiatric unit.MethodsUsing a modified Delphi method a group of 42 psychiatrists throughout Spain evaluated four areas of interest regarding this issue: clinical symptomatology, treatment-related factors, follow-up health care units after discharge, and physical health and monitoring.ResultsAfter two rounds, among the 64 statements, a consensus was reached for 59 (92.2%) statements. In three (17.7%) of the 17 statements on ‘clinical symptomatology’ and 2 (13.3%) of the 15 statements on ‘follow-up health care units after discharge’, a consensus was not reached; in contrast, a consensus was reached for all statements concerning ‘treatment-related factors’ and those concerning ‘physical health and monitoring’. The consensus results highlight the importance for discharge of the control of symptoms rather than their suppression during admission and of tolerability in the selection of anantipsychotic.DiscussionAlthough there is a lack of relevant data for guiding the discharge of PWS after hospitalization in an acute inpatient psychiatric unit, we expect that this consensus based on expert opinion may help clinicians to take appropriate decisions.

Purpose: The purpose of this research paper is to adapt and validate a useful instrument to diagnose the knowledge, attitudes, behaviours and intention to participate (KABIP) towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in higher education institutions (HEIs) from the public administration in developing countries. Design/methodology/approach: The study was carried out using the Delphi technique, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). For the Delphi method, 30 experts participated in three rounds. For the EFA and CFA, a sample of 790 people was selected. The instrument items were extracted from relevant scales on the topic. Findings: The reliability and internal consistency of the instrument were tested and confirmed. Therefore, this study gives a scientific tool to measure the KABIP towards SDGs in different sectors of the public administration, and it can be used in developing countries. Originality/value: The new questionnaire with 66 items and four dimensions can be used to diagnose KABIP towards SDGs at HEIs in developing countries. It has a very important implications because, although attention for SDGs around the world is increasing, only a limited number of valid scientific instrument that measure aspects related to it is available. Furthermore, the knowledge, attitudes, behaviour and intention to participate scale can facilitate the creation of new strategies regarding SDGs in developing countries.

UAV-SfM techniques are in constant development to address the challenges of accurate and precise mapping in terrains with complex morphologies. In contrast with the traditional photogrammetric processes, where only nadir images were considered, the combination of those with oblique imagery, also called off-nadir, has emerged as an optimal solution to achieve higher accuracy in these kinds of landscapes. UAV flights at a constant height above ground level (AGL) have also been considered a possible alternative to improve the resulting 3D point clouds compared to those obtained from constant height above mean sea level (AMSL) flights. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of incorporating oblique images as well as the type of flight on the accuracy and precision of the point clouds generated through UAV-SfM workflows for terrains with complex geometries. For that purpose, 58 scenarios with different camera angles and flight patterns for the oblique images were considered, 29 for each type of flight (AMSL and AGL). The 3D point cloud derived from each of the 58 scenarios was compared with a reference 3D point cloud acquired with a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). The results obtained confirmed that both incorporating oblique images and using AGL flight mode have a positive effect on the mapping. Combination of nadir image blocks, obtained from an AGL crosshatch flight plan, with supplemental oblique images collected with a camera angle of between 20° and 35° yielded the best accuracy and precision records.

Advancements in novel neurotechnologies, such as brain computer interfaces (BCI) and neuromodulatory devices such as deep brain stimulators (DBS), will have profound implications for society and human rights. While these technologies are improving the diagnosis and treatment of mental and neurological diseases, they can also alter individual agency and estrange those using neurotechnologies from their sense of self, challenging basic notions of what it means to be human. As an international coalition of interdisciplinary scholars and practitioners, we examine these challenges and make recommendations to mitigate negative consequences that could arise from the unregulated development or application of novel neurotechnologies. We explore potential ethical challenges in four key areas: identity and agency, privacy, bias, and enhancement. To address them, we propose (1) democratic and inclusive summits to establish globally-coordinated ethical and societal guidelines for neurotechnology development and application, (2) new measures, including "Neurorights," for data privacy, security, and consent to empower neurotechnology users' control over their data, (3) new methods of identifying and preventing bias, and (4) the adoption of public guidelines for safe and equitable distribution of neurotechnological devices.