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One of the most standard and least invasive surgical procedures that could be applied mostly for the treatment of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is endonasal endoscopic sinus surgery. The main objective of this study is to assess the available strategies for avoiding, diagnosis and also dealing with various kinds of potential complications of sinus disorders as well as the symptoms which specify the need for revision endoscopic sinus surgery mainly for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis. Based on the objectives of this study, the studies were categorized within four main groups; sinus disorders, diagnosis, management, and treatment. In this regard, wide research has been done in various scientific databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Europe PMC, HubMed, MEDLINE, Scientific Information Database (SID) and Google Scholar. From a total of 315 founded records, the final number of 91 records were reviewed. The rate of complication associated with endoscopic sinus surgery is not much and the improvement of surgical technology and experience could decrease its side effects. Performing immediate extensive surgery among patients who have inflammatory sinonasal disease could modify long-term consequences. Applying endoscopic sinus surgery could yield the most appropriate positive outcomes. For achieving the most suitable surgical consequences, the surgeon should be adequately qualified in diagnosis and facing with any possible complications during the operation in addition to cases with complex and revision problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review determined the main antimicrobial agents resulting in MOE and spectrum antimicrobial therapy covering drug resistance in the disease. All the articles published in three electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE, were searched within November 15 to December 15, 2020. Eventually, 27 reports were identified assessing the clinical outcomes of patients with MOE. Generally, the mean age of patients with MOE in different studies was within the range of 59-82 years, and the male/female ratio was 1.8:1. The frequency of diabetes among patients with MOE was within the range of 40%-100%, and the frequency of facial nerve involvement was up to 60.7% in various studies. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most commonly reported causative organism in MOE. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is another organism leading to MOE. The main concerning issue in antibiotic therapy is the increasing isolation of bacterial strains resistant to this therapeutic approach. Generally, patients undergoing initial combination therapy have better outcomes compared to those receiving single therapy. Furthermore, the risk of ciprofloxacin resistance increased, especially when used as a monotherapy agent. The early diagnosis and treatment of patients with MOE are very crucial. In this regard, it is necessary to consider the management of diabetes for controlling the infection with antibiotics and debridement of necrotic tissue. Aggressive surgical management is suggested in some patients with MOE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]