Search

Introduction: Tenofovir is a common therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. Objective: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of nephropathy and proximal tubule disorder in HIV patients under tenofovir therapy. Patients and Methods: In this study, 160 HIV patients under tenofovir therapy were enrolled and the prevalence of nephropathy and proximal tubule disorder was determined and compared. Results: We found, the proximal tubule involvement in 25%, 6.8%, 2.2% and 0% in first year, 2–5 years , 6–10 years and 11–18 years of disease involvement respectively, (P = 0.02). The mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) diminution was 2.15%, 10.53%, 12.6% and 17.79%, in the first, 2–5, 6–10, and 11–18 years, respectively, again showing a significant difference between years (P = 0.02). Proteinuria was seen in 13.1% of patients. Conclusion: We concluded that GFR diminution and proximal tubule involvement are common and important to be managed in HIV-positive patients under tenofovir therapy, and discontinuation of drug has no positive effect on GFR.

Background: Nosocomial infections are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and medical burdens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are not-fermentative gram-negative bacteria that considered as the most important nosocomial infection. In the current study, we have aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa microorganisms to the colistin antibiotic. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, patients admitted to the ICU ward of Firoozgar Hospital from July 2018 to March 2019 were evaluated, and 169 Patients infected with Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were included. Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated, and antibiotic sensitivity was determined by the disk diffusion method according to Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. E test was also used to determine MIC-50 and MIC-90 of colistin. Results: Acinetobacter baumannii was around 8 times more frequent than Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Colistin resistance was detected in only 4(2.4%). The mean age of patients infected by Acinetobacter baumannii was significantly higher than those infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, the mean time of the hospitalization period did not show any significant differences in the different groups. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the majority of isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were sensitive to Colistin. Therefore, it could be effectively used for patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.

Introduction. Patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis (HD) undergo many dermatological signs and symptoms during treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of skin manifestations among the patients on maintenance HD in the HD center of Boo Ali-Sina Hospital (Qazvin, Iran) and compare them with the general population.From June 2012 to July 2012 a case-controlled study was performed with 149 patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing regular HD (HD group) and 150 individuals who were randomly selected (control group) from healthy hospital staff at Boo Ali-Sina Hospital. A dermatologist examined all individuals in both groups to assess of skin, hair, nail, and mucosal tissues.Overall, 108 of the patients in the HD group and 54 of the individuals in the control group were found to have at least 1 cutaneous and mocusal manifestation. Pruritus, skin discoloration, ecchymosis, drying and hair fragility, leukonychia, absent lunula, and half and half nails were more frequent in the HD group than compared to the control group (P0.05). Although no significant correlation between dermatological manifestations and age ≥ 65 or diabetes mellitus were made, multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that male sex, hypertension, and long-term HD were associated with dermatological manifestations.In the present study, cutaneous and mocusal manifestations ranged from 36% in the control group to 72.4% in the HD group. The results also indicate a relationship between cutaneous and mocusal manifestations, and male sex, hypertension, and duration of dialysis in HD patients. .

The effects of pre-treatment with vitamin B6 on memory retrieval in adult male Wistar rats were evaluated using a step-through passive avoidance task. The rats were divided into three groups of 10 each. All animals were fed standard rodent chow. Vitamin B6 (50 or 100 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) every other day for 1 month before training was initiated. Three retention tests were performed to assess the memory of the rats. Vitamin B6 (100 mg/kg) significantly increased the step-through latency of the passive avoidance response compared with the control in the first retention test of the passive avoidance paradigm (p < 0.05). In addition, vitamin B6 at 100 mg/kg significantly increased memory retrieval in the second and third retention tests conducted 2 days and 1 week after training, respectively, compared with the control (p < 0.05). These results indicate that pre-treatment with vitamin B6 potentially enhances memory retrieval.