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Background: According to the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, the present study aimed to predict adherence to treatment based on social support variables and coping strategies to reduce the severity of this disease. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 392 men and women with type 2 diabetes were evaluated using purposeful and convenient sampling. Wax social support and the Blings and Moss coping strategies questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22), descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, and mean), and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis). Results: The results indicated that the correlation between the subscales of social support and coping strategies with adherence to drug therapy was significant (P

Background: One of the public health challenges in the worldwide is diabetes, and adherence to treatment is crucial. Adherence to treatment can help reduce the complications of the disease. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the status of adherence to treatment among patients with type 2 diabetes in Khorramabad. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 392 men and women with type 2 diabetes referred to comprehensive health centers in Khorramabad between May and August 2016 were studied. Demographic questionnaire and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) were used to collect data. Version 22 SPSS and descriptive analysis were used to analyze the data. Significance level in the present study was less than 0.05. Descriptive tests, Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, and independent t-test were used. Results: The mean age of study participants was 56.03 ± 10.91. 68.9% (270 people) were women and 31/1% (122 people) were men. According to the score obtained from the Morisky questionnaire, a total of 219 patients (55/9%) followed the desired treatment and 173 (44/1%) followed the unfavorable treatment. There was a significant relationship between patients' adherence to treatment with the variables of gender, marital status, educational status, and their monthly income. No statistically significant between age and employment status with adherence to treatment were observed. Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that adherence to treatment among patients with type 2 diabetes in Khorramabad is in a good level. Health policy makers should strive to ensure that all patients adhere to their treatment process with easy access to services and reduced costs. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, Adherence to treatment, Morisky Scale, Medication.

Background Human instinctively desire to have offspring. Infertility can cause painful emotional experiences throughout the life mainly known as quality of life impairment. This study aimed to investigate the impact of infertility on a woman’s quality of life. Methods A number of 180 infertile and 540 fertile women participated in this matched case-control study. The cases were selected through a combination of multistage stratified and cluster sampling methods. For each infertile woman three fertile women were randomly selected. The data gathering instrument consisted of demographic variables and the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Data collection was conducted through interview with participants. The multivariate marginal model and SPSS software 21 were used for data analyses with a significance level of 0.05. Results The results of the multivariate modeling show infertility can potentially affect various aspects of women’s quality of life such as physical health (p

Background Smoking, especially among adolescents, is considered a serious public health concern worldwide being associated with increased mortality. The present study was designed as the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of current and former smoking behavior among adolescents in Iran. Methods Seven international scholarly databases, namely Scopus, Embase, Pubmed/Medline, ISI/Web of Science (WOS), the Cochrane Library, Psyc Info and Cinahl, were extensively searched from January 2000 to September 18, 2019. Google Scholar was also mined. Iranian databases were searched as well (namely, MagIran, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Barakatkns). The DerSimonian-Laird’s approach, via the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine method, was used to synthesize the prevalence estimates. Results The prevalence of current smokers among Iranian adolescents was estimated to be 9% (95% CI: 7 to 10). Stratifying based on gender, the prevalence was 12% among boys (95% CI: 10 to 14) and 6% among girls (95% CI: 5 to 8). The prevalence of former smokers among Iranian adolescents using the random-effect model was computed to be 24% (95% CI: 21 to 27). Conclusion The findings of this study showed that the prevalence of current and former smoking behavior among Iranian adolescents is a relevant public health concern. The country’s young population should be given more attention by health policy- and decision-makers and implementation of ad hoc prevention and control policies should be on their agenda.

Background : Nurses face a particular set of stresses due to their specific occupational status, which can endanger their physical and mental health. Therefore it is necessary to identify the important factors in the nursing community, such as moral intelligence, professional values and mental resilience, in order to help nursing staff preserve mental health, improve performance and provide better services to patients . Materials and Methods: This analytic- descriptive study (correlation method) was carried out on 150 nurses in hospitals in the Bam region of Iran, who were selected by the census sampling method .Data gathering tools included a demographic information checklist and a three part questionnaire related to moral intelligence (Lennik and Kiel),professional value (NPVS-R) and mental resilience (CD-RISC). Data was analyzed using SPSS. V.20 software, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Linear regression, one-way ANOVA and an independent t-test Results: the total mean score of variables were: mental intelligence (±11.9)161.59, professional value (±8.89) 92.74 and resilience (±13.51) 64.00. Results showed that there exists a significant relation between moral intelligence and professional value, and resilience, and that predictor variables are able to predict nurses’, resilience changes (p

Background: Anxiety disorders are among the most common disorders in children that may lead to many other disorders for them such as low self-esteem, social isolation, poor social skills and educational problems. Considering the importance of these disorders, we decided to measure the symptoms of anxiety in drawing-a-person test for children of Khorramabad city. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 455 students in the fourth grade of primary school in Khorramabad were selected using cluster sampling and using the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) their anxiety was evaluated. Then 102 cases selected for the test (51 cases among children who had obtained a high score on indicated scale) and control group (51 cases among children who had low score on indicated scale). Drawing-a-person test executed. Finally, indicators were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), inferential statistics tests (Chi-square test and t test) and SPSS software. Results: Significant signs (p>0.05) in test group children (anxious) were: small eyes, very bold graphic lines, parallel lines shaded and plaid, scrawl and repeated cleaning - abnormal physical state, to use black color, anxious face of dummy, small head, long legs, big feet, horizontal and inflexible arms and closed hands. Also signs of anxiety were significant based on sex in drawing-a-person test. Conclusion: According to findings of the present research and importance of anxiety disorders recognition in childhood and its impact on life time, it is suggested to pay more attention to these signs of children's drawings. Through timely diagnosis of children with anxiety disorders, future impacts of anxiety can be prevented.

Research is an active and well-organized procedure to discover, explain and review phenomena, events and hypotheses. The first step to organize matter of research in society is the find of a proper perception of existent abilities and facilities, as well as finding out weaknesses and strengths in research, so the present study was carried out to determine barriers to research from viewpoint of faculty members of Lorestan university of medical sciences. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine barriers to research from viewpoint of faculty members of Lorestan university of medical sciences in 2008. All faculty members were our subjects. Data gathering tool was a four-part questionnaire, approved by valid scientific sources, designed based on Likert scale. Questionnaires were distributed among faculty members and at most the data of 93 questionnaires were analyzed by use of independent t-tests and variance analysis. Results: concerning the personal barriers shortage of time because of excessive teaching (32. 2%) and social and executive responsibilities (21. 4%) were the most, and lack of personal interest in research (60. 7%) and having no skill and mastery in scientific paper and proposal writing (50. 6%) were generally the least personal barriers. But about organizational barriers severity to approve research projects by the research meeting, administrative restrictive regulations (49. 2%), long procedure for a research proposal to be cheared by the related committee and deficiency of research privileges for the researchers’ promotion (39. 1%) were the most organizational barriers, and difficulties of results statistical deduction, ethical limitations (34. 9%) and compulsion for researchers to use a special framework and method (27. 9%) were among the least organizational barriers. Meanwhile no significant difference observed between mean score of personal barriers among faculties while there was a significant difference between mean score of organizational barriers. Conclusion: Regarding the essential role of knowledge and research, which are among the most important features of look on future, governments, organizations and nations should have more and better perception of change and future, because we will live and work in a future which is quite different from today. Thus to reach a productive research future, it seems necessary to remove above mentioned barriers.

Background: Social damage is one of the problems which destroys the active manpower and young population in the country and also prevents social development. Family is the first environment in which social ground for the child is provided.Any dispute, controversy or inferiority complex in the family may lead to wrong doings The present study aims at the effective family and personality factors on felony in felon adolescents kept in Khorramabad bouse of correction. Materials and Methods: This descriptive- analytic study was carried out on all of the adolescents in Khorramabad house of correction as case group selected using census random sampling and high school students as control group selected by cluster random sampling. Data gathering tool was a 2-part questionnaire including demographic information and standard SCL 90 questionnaire. Results: Results showed that there is a significant relationship between the place of residence, failure in school program, economic status of the family, parents presence, fathers job and education, mothers job and education, parents inter personal relationship and family conflicting. The results also showed that aggression, anxiety, depression, somatic complain, obsessive compulsive, inter personality sensitivity, Psychotic, paranoid and phobia had a significant difference in the case and control groups. Conclusion: Regarding the fact that family environment is considered as the most important educative factor and no social damage has not occurred out of family influence, so no society can claim to be healthy unless to have healthy families.

Nazari H1, Saki M2, Sohrabi P3, Tarrahi MJ4, Movahedi M5, Badrizadeh A6, Baqeri Kh7 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences 2. Instructor, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences 3. General Practitioner, Neurology and Psychoiatry Hospital, Khorramabad 4. Instructor, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences 5. Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences 6. B.Sc of Nursing, Staff Member of Research and Technology Office, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences 7. B.Sc of Nursing, Psychology hospital Abstract Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mental disorders all over the world. An effective treatment preserves an acceptable level of function in the affected patients. Different drugs are used in the treatment of MDD, and each of them has specific therapeutic and adverse effects. Recently, SSRI drugs are used in the treatment of this disorder, and yet there is not enough study about them. Thus, we decided to compare the effectiveness and adverse effects of Nortriptyline with that of Citalopram in MDD. Materials and methods: In this double-blinded clinical trial, 80 MMD (DSM-IV-TR) patients, who that not any other mental, substance and organic disorders were selected. Samples were randomly assigned into two groups which were treated with Nortriptyline or Citalopram. Efficacy and adverse effects were evaluated at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks after the treatment. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Efficacy was similar in two groups, and no significant differences between the two groups were observed in the mean scores. The comparison of adverse effects between the two groups showed a significant difference in the hypersomnia, dry mouth, anorexia and nausea. There was not a significant difference between the two groups in the sexual dysfunction, insomnia headache, tremor, vertigo, obesity, diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Conclusion: Tricycles and SSRI drugs have an equal efficacy in the treatment of MDD. But they have different adverse effect profiles, thus they must be administrated with an attention to their adverse effects.

Nazari H1, Namdari P2, Tarrahi MJ3, Badrizadeh A4 1. Assistant professor, Department of psychology, Faculty of medicine, Lorestan University of medical sciences 2. Instructor, Department of social medicine , Faculty of health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences 3. Instructor, Department of Epidemiology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences 4. Bachelor of science, Nursing, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences Abstract Background: Depressive disorder is one of the most prevalent mental disorders and causes disability and early death. This disorder leads to increased economic burden for people and society. Mental disorders are the cause of 15 percent of disability and early death in developing countries. According to the joint report of W.H.O and the word Bank, depressive disorder is the first one among the ten most important causes of disability and disablement all over the world. Thus the diagnosis and treatment of this abnormality is very important for patients, families and society. Materials and methods: The aim of this cross–sectional study was to screen the depressive disorder in people aged 20-64 in Khorramabad city. Data were collected by Beck Depression Questionnaire that detects depression. Khorramabad city has tow region and each region has three areas. The sample (2740 persons) was selected from all areas by a clustered and systematic sampling method. Data were analyzed by statistical software. Results: 33.4 percent had symptoms of depression. 25% of the affected patients had minor depression, 7.4% had moderate and 1% had sever depression. The prevalence of depression was highest in age group 50-64 years and lowest in age group 30-46 years. Depression was higher in women (34.3%) than men (32.4%). The highest rate of depression was in widowed (43.3%) and the lowest rate of prevalence was in married (29%). The rate of depression in non-specialists workers was higher (43.2%) than officers (16.2). The rate of depression in primary school and diploma person (17.4%) was higher than less educated or illiterates (7.1%) and university educated (8.6%) people. The lowest prevalence of depression was in persons with more than two million Rials salary (3.5%) and highest prevalence of depression was in persons with salary lower than two million Rials. the prevalence of depression was related to factors including age, marital status, educational status, occupation, family, salary and house status (p