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Background: This study examined the effectiveness of a psychological intervention on self-esteem, perceived stress, perceived health problems, coping strategies, psychological inflexibility, and caregiving experience in siblings of patients with severe mental disorders (SMD). Method: 42 Siblings of patients with SMD participated. The psychological intervention was based on the third wave of cognitive-behavioural therapy and consisted of 14 group sessions. Pre- and post-treatment assessment were conducted in the intervention group (IG) and compared with the control group (CG). Results: IG significantly increased self-esteem, adaptive coping, and positive caregiving experience and reduced perceived stress, perceived health problems, psychological inflexibility, maladaptive coping, and negative caregiving experience. The effect sizes were moderate to large. No changes were reported for the CG in the post-treatment evaluation. Conclusions: The psychological intervention for siblings was effective in relation to the variables assessed. This is an innovative approach to care within the health system for siblings of people suffering from SMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

University students continue to be discriminated against based on their gender, race, ethnicity, sexual preferences, mental health conditions, religious beliefs, etc. Discrimination based on gender and physical appearance, such as skin color, race or ethnicity, stands out for being the one to which the most experiences of discrimination are attributed. The purpose of this research is to understand how experiences of discrimination based on physical appearance influence the academic experience and emotional well-being in university students. Students (12 in total) from a private university in the metropolitan area of Monterrey who indicated that they had experienced discrimination were interviewed. A grounded theory approach was used for their analysis. Different forms of discrimination based on physical appearance were found, such as discrimination based on skin color, weight, height and/or the use of tattoos that are interpreted as a stigma of social status. These influence students' self-esteem and stress, in addition to having negative academic effects such as demotivation and lack of concentration. Students have limited personal resources to face these actions received, and they do not find a close link to request help from university staff. These findings are discussed in light of other studies of discrimination based on physical appearance in universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El estudiantado universitario está padeciendo de Burnout. Primero, la pérdida de vínculos familiares y personales, debido al traslado de los estudiantes de sus lugares de origen a la universidad es una variable social que sirve como catalizadora. Segundo, los estudiantes universitarios pueden tener algunas funciones ejecutivas aún no desarrolladas; lo cual se convierte en un factor interno que refuerza el burnout; al no lograr el estudiante administrar su tiempo y tareas de manera eficiente. Y adicionalmente el burnout puede alterar las funciones ejecutivas. Tercero, los dos años de virtualidad han aportado a los estudiantes vivencias de estilos de instrucción flexibles y que requieren una menor inversión en temas de tiempo y dinero, que pueden estar desestabilizando a los individuos; que ahora encuentran los estilos tradicionales de aprendizaje más rígidos e ineficientes. Frente a todos los problemas expuestos, los estudiantes desarrollan estrategias de carácter productivo o centradas en la resolución de la situación, seguido de la búsqueda del soporte social y como última estrategia, las no productivas o de evitación; que claramente empeoran su problema.

The study was proposed due to the perception of the scarcity of studies on the correlation between burnout, coping and social support. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the prevalence of academic burnout and its correlations with coping strategies and social support in students of health courses. The sample consisted of 173 participants, ages between 18 and 30 years (M = 23.71; SD = 7.04). For data collection we used: Sociodemographic questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory for students (MBI-SS), Brief COPE (coping inventory) and Social Support Satisfaction Scale for higher education students (SSSS). The results revealed correlations between the dimensions of emotional exhaustion and cynicism, with family support satisfaction [F (3. 201752) = 9184.986, p < .001; r2 = .12] and F (3.168) = 8.473, p < .001; r2 = .131]. Referring to the correlations between coping strategies with the other study variables, the sample most frequently used emotion-focused coping in the strategies of Self-blaming (r = .290, p<.001); Substance Use (r = .241, p<.01); Instrumental Support (r = .206, p<.01) and Positive Reinterpretation (r =.197, p<.01). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Though the Spanish version of the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) is frequently used, it has not been subjected to any significant re-evaluation from a psychometric perspective. Method: We analysed CSI data that was focused on an academic stress situation, using a university sample of 874 participants, 50% of each gender. We conducted reliability, confirmatory factor, and factorial invariance across gender analyses. Results: The first-order factorial structure was confirmed, showing an adequate fit for the eight-factor coping strategies model with good reliability indices. Neither the second-order (problem-centred vs. emotion-centred) nor third-order (engagement vs. disengagement) strategies showed an adequate fit. Factorial invariance for gender was confirmed. Conclusions: The theoretical and applied implications of the results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental toughness is characterized by a collection of psychological resources that empower individuals to persevere in the presence of challenges, errors, and setbacks, allowing them to attain elevated levels of performance notwithstanding the inherent challenges in competitive scenarios. The aim of the present study was to delve into the current knowledge of the mental toughness construct and its relationship with intolerance to uncertainty in a sample of 121 male football players aged 18 to 40 years (M = 24.38, SD = 5.36), belonging to the top categories of Argentine soccer. A negative correlation was found between mental toughness and intolerance to uncertainty. Furthermore, it was observed that older and more experienced players exhibited higher levels of mental toughness and lower intolerance to uncertainty. Results suggest the versatility of mental toughness, emphasizing the importance of considering psychological aspects in football training and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las intervenciones basadas en mindfulness (IBM) constituyen una herramienta útil para manejar el estrés asociado a la vida académica del alumnado universitario. Actualmente, han empezado a implementarse en formato online, emergiendo como una alternativa eficaz y accesible en diferentes contextos. No obstante, hay pocas investigaciones sobre sus implicaciones en ambientes académicos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar la efectividad de una IBM online para reducir los niveles de estrés académico y optimizar las estrategias de afrontamiento de estudiantes universitarios. Se realizó un diseño cuasiexperimental, con un grupo experimental (GE) y un grupo control (GC) con medición pretest-postest, utilizando como instrumento de medida dos escalas del Cuestionario de Estrés Académico (CEA; Cabanach et al., 2009), relacionadas con las respuestas psicofisiológicas de estrés (R-CEA) y las estrategias de afrontamiento (A-CEA). La muestra estuvo formada por 87 alumnos del primer curso de la Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte de la Universidad de Extremadura. 20 de ellos, se ofrecieron voluntariamente para formar parte del GE y participar en un programa de mindfulness online de ocho semanas. Los resultados indicaron que el GE obtuvo puntuaciones promedio inferiores en las dimensiones del estrés académico y ligeramente superiores en la mayoría de las dimensiones de afrontamiento tras la intervención, en comparación con el GC. Sin embargo, las diferencias encontradas no alcanzaron significancia estadística. Estos hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de mejorar la planificación y el diseño de las intervenciones online, ofreciendo períodos de seguimiento más extensos para analizar sus efectos a largo plazo y comparar los resultados obtenidos en diferentes poblaciones y contextos.

El estudio analiza las estrategias de gestión de riesgo y el afrontamiento familiar y comunitario de las familias socioeconómicamente vulnerables en el contexto de la pandemia COVID-19. La investigación es de carácter cuantitativo, de corte transversal y con una muestra constituida por 90 participantes provenientes de las diferentes comunas de la Provincia de Concepción, Chile. Dentro de sus principales resultados se destaca que las personas desarrollaron acciones a nivel personal y familiar, siendo huir del peligro y buscar insumos de sobrevivencia. A nivel comunitario, se visualizó escasa vinculación de estrategias desarrolladas. En cuanto a la capacidad de afrontamiento, las personas destacan que esta fue alta, logrando desplegar estrategias que les permitieron enfrentar sus dificultades en el contexto sociosanitario. Finalmente, con respecto a la calidad de vida en el contexto de pandemia, se observó que los participantes presentaron cambios en desarrollar destrezas para satisfacer sus necesidades, logrando una adaptación positiva.

Prejudice and stigmatization are problems that are not linked to a particular society or culture, compromising the coexistence of two kinds of people: individuals who possess characteristics that can be evaluated as negative, and those who devalue people who possess such characteristics. In modern societies, what in some cultures was considered a positive virtue, today is seen as a stigma that comes from a negative stereotype. Being overweight implies being seen as a sick, negligent and inactive person, transcending the scope of what organic health is and conditioning those who are overweight to become part of a socially stigmatized group. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate both the impact of the overweight observer's perception and the normal-weight observer's perception. In addition, it will be described the breadth of the problem as a modern social stigma. A total of 241 people who perceived themselves as being overweight and 215 people who considered themselves as being normal-weight participated in this research. Both groups answered instruments that measured prejudice against overweight people in two different versions: one focused on the perception of being prejudiced and the other focused on the perception of prejudicing against people with overweight. When it comes to discrimination, it was measured through self and heteronomous perception, as the case may be. It also looks for the existence of interpersonal abuse towards the stigmatized group as well as the proposed non-discrimination norms. As a consequence, the instrument measures two norms for confronting discrimination: the norm of equity, which seeks to equalize competence conditions between the groups, and the norm of equality, which aims to establish the same rules for everyone. The four specific strategies for coping with discrimination-related stress are: discrimination minimization, intra group comparison, attribution to discrimination, and selective disengagement. It is postulated that both stigmatized and stigmatizing groups will differ not only in their number, but also in the degree to which different perceptions of the phenomenon are presented. The results of our investigation are aligned with our hypotheses. The main analysis indicates a higher perception of being the object of subtle prejudice in overweight people (M = 2.70, SD = 1.12), while those who belong to the group of normal-weight (M = 2.30, SD = 1.11) outnumber the group of overweight people in terms of adherence to manifest prejudice and interpersonal abuse (t (454) = -3.92, p = .001). Both groups agree on focusing on equity, as a non-discrimination norm, in order to effectively confront discrimination and promote fair and respectful treatment (t (454) = 0.90, ns). A greater preference is observed in the focusing on equality, as the non-discrimination norm by the overweight group (F (1, 452) = 379.2, p = .001). They indicate that they wish, in order not to feel discriminated against, to be considered equal to normal weight people and that the same rules and conditions apply to them. Therefore, in relation to the stigmatized and stigmatizing groups, the differences shown are in all types of prejudice, even though the neutral point indicated a low score in prejudice. Nevertheless, in the stigmatizing group the average is higher in manifest prejudice and total prejudice, perceiving that they prejudice more of what is known as manifest prejudice. Alternatively, the stigmatized group indicates perceiving a greater reception of subtle prejudice. Finally, the stigmatizing group (normal weight people) claims to commit more interpersonal abuse than the stigmatized group perceives to be the object (t(454) = 8.12, p = .001). The stigmatized group (overweight people) (M = 3.99, SD = 0.88) declares that they use more the coping strategy of minimizing discrimination, unlike the stigmatizing people (M = 3.46, SD = 0.85), t(454) = -6.48, p = .001. The latter, on the other hand, mention that they use significantly more the strategies to cope with discrimination, such as those of attribution to discrimination and selective disengagement t(454) = 3.30, p = .001. These results are discussed to understand how a visible and controllable stigma is experienced, their potential consequences for intergroup relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nursing students are exposed to stress during their nursing program, particularly during clinical practice. Identifying the coping strategies used during this period can help identify resources to mitigate the stress they face. Objective: To translate and validate the Coping Behavior Inventory (CBI) into European Portuguese. Methodology: Methodological study with a nonprobability sample of 113 students attending the four years of the nursing program. To assess the psychometric properties of the instrument, its validity was analyzed using the principal component analysis method and its internal consistency by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: Four common factors were extracted from the exploratory factor analysis, explaining 57.5% of the variance, with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.668 for the total scale. Conclusion: The European Portuguese version of the CBI has adequate psychometric characteristics and is a reliable tool for assessing the coping strategies used by nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Various coping strategies have been shown to alleviate the negative effects of trauma, yet the significance of prosocial behaviour in this realm has been notably underexplored. The present study explored the hypothesis that engaging in prosocial behaviour mitigates the impacts of trauma by promoting a sense of competence and relatedness, post-traumatic growth (PTG), and reconstruction of meaning. Methods: Three consecutive studies were conducted with college students to compare differences in consequence of prosocial behaviours between a trauma group and a control group. Study 1 (N = 96) used self-reported experiences of traumatic vs non-traumatic events; Study 2 (N = 43) used exposure vs. no exposure to video of an earthquake; Study 3 (N = 20) used a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a prosocial-themed intervention vs. no intervention. Outcomes in all studies were assessed by self-report questionnaires. Results: Trauma damaged participants’ sense of competence and meaningfulness. Prosocial behaviour relieved the impact of trauma on meaning, specifically manifested in the individuals’ sense of meaningfulness and their search for meaning. Group interventions with a prosocial theme (based on effect size results) reduced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and enhanced PTG in victims. The promoting effect on PTG persisted a month later, and its enhancing effect on meaning manifested with a delay. Conclusion: Prosocial behaviour can potentially serve as a beneficial strategy for individuals coping with trauma because it helps enhance meaning and promotes PTG in victims. This conclusion is supported by laboratory experiments and a tentative small-scale intervention study, which provide an innovative perspective for future trauma interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of NovaRUA Revista Universitaria de Administracion is the property of NovaRUA Revista Universitaria de Administracion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Los objetivos centrales de la indagatoria fueron analizar la asociación entre el estrés académico y el autoconcepto, comparar dichos fenómenos psicológicos entre géneros e identificar el poder predictivo de los factores del autoconcepto en los índices de estrés académico en estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados confirmaron una asociación negativa entre las variables abordadas y diferencias hombres y mujeres. Adicionalmente, se realizaron dos análisis de regresión lineal múltiple para cado uno de los géneros. En mujeres, los factores emocional, académico-laboral, social, familiar y físico del autoconcepto aportaron a la explicación del estrés académico; en el de los hombres, solo se integraron las dimensiones emocional y académico-laboral. Se concluye que el autoconcepto aporta a la predicción del comportamiento del estrés académico en estudiantes de educación superior. Por tales razones, resulta conveniente suscitar en las instituciones universitarias, actividades tendientes a la mejora de la percepción de sí mismos por parte de los jóvenes.

A través de entrevistas a profundidad se relata la vivencia de dos mujeres y madres con un hijo en situación de consumo. Recurriendo al método dialógico se identifican los mecanismos que estas personas han utilizado para afrontar esta situación en sus vidas. El documento ha recibido la retroalimentación de ambas mujeres en todo el proceso, especialmente en las conclusiones. El objetivo es describir la vivencia de mujeres con un hijo en situación de consumo de sustancias identificando los mecanismos de afrontamiento. Este estudio es cualitativo, basado en las historias de vida de dos mujeres; madres, mayores de 45 años, jefas de hogar, funcionarias del estado y viviendo en la Capital. En el análisis realizado se logra identificar características muy similares relacionadas con las variables: situación familiar, laboral y la relación madre-hijo. Así mismo, se encontraron aspectos incluso opuestos sobre todo en lo referente a las características individuales y a la proyección de vida. Antes que sentimiento de justificación y encubrimiento de las conductas relacionadas con el consumo de drogas de los hijos, el sentimiento común es de pérdida de control, así como negación de responsabilidad con el hijo adicto. El principal recurso en los momentos más críticos, es la creencia espiritual; la súplica y la oración. Otro recurso es el ámbito laboral, que se convierte en el principal espacio de oxigenación y contención. El silencio y retraimiento está muy asociado a un total descreimiento hacia las instituciones y los pocos servicios ofrecidos por el estado.

El objetivo fue evaluar el afrontamiento al riesgo extremo de un grupo de estudiantes universitarios del estado de Sonora, México, en la época de postpandemia con clases en modalidad virtual. La estrategia metodológica consistió en un diseño no experimental de tipo relacional. Participaron 204 estudiantes universitarios de las licenciaturas en ciencias de la salud, económico-administrativas e ingenierías de dos universidades públicas. Se utilizó la escala de afrontamiento frente a riesgos extremos, agrupando dos estilos de afrontamiento: activo y pasivo. Se estimó un análisis factorial exploratorio e índice de consistencia interna. La correlación entre los factores positivos fue de .462 y para los negativos de .303. Se eliminaron 10 reactivos por no contribuir a la medición del constructo. La varianza explicada total fue de 34.7 y la confiabilidad de la escala total fue de .70. Los estudiantes muestran fuerte tendencia a enfrentar los problemas de manera directa, consistente con el afrontamiento activo, que los sitúa en las dimensiones positivas de más alta efectividad en el afrontamiento de riesgos extremos. Las dimensiones de regulación de actividades y control cognitivo y planificación son por lo tanto las más esperadas. En el plano opuesto, en menor medida presentaron comportamientos en las dimensiones de distracción y negación en la estrategia de rechazo ya sea este positivo o negativo, como se señala en la distracción positiva que refiere al soporte social.

Introducción: El afrontamiento es un constructo psicológico relevante en situaciones en las que existe un peligro continuado, tal como ocurre en el contexto de la pandemia por SARS-CoV2 en México y el mundo. Objetivo: Adaptar y validar una escala para medir el afrontamiento frente al riesgo de infección en una muestra de adultos mexicanos durante el confinamiento por la pandemia por la SARS-CoV2. Metodología: estudio de tipo instrumental, en una muestra no probabilística de 1132 participantes mexicanos, mayores de 18 años que aceptaran participar por medio de una encuesta en línea previo consentimiento informado. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos y aplicación de Escala de afrontamiento frente a COVID-19, la cual fue sometida a jueceo de expertos para adaptación al contexto y situación de pandemia por SARS CoV2. Todos los procedimientos fueron aprobados por un comité de ética. Los análisis psicométricos fueron mediante técnicas de análisis factorial exploratorio, confirmatorio, pruebas de invarianza y confiabilidad. Resultados: El análisis factorial exploratorio permitió encontrar una estructura con tres factores que corresponden con estrategias de afrontamiento activo, afrontamiento pasivo centrado en la emoción, y afrontamiento pasivo centrado en la cognición. El análisis factorial confirmatorio permitió comprobar el adecuado ajuste de los datos a la estructura propuesta, así como su invarianza. Los valores de confiabilidad encontrados resultaron adecuados con ω= 0,80, 0,70 y 0,70 respectivamente. Conclusión: La escala de estrategias de afrontamiento ante SARS-CoV2 presenta una estructura de tres factores y una adecuada confiabilidad que permiten caracterizar los estilos de afrontamiento ante pandemias como la de SARS-CoV2.

Background: Supporting wellbeing beyond symptom reduction is necessary in trauma care. Research suggests increased posttraumatic growth (PTG) may promote wellbeing more effectively than posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom reduction alone. Understanding neurobiological mechanisms of PTG would support PTG intervention development. However, most PTG research to-date has been cross-sectional data self-reported through surveys or interviews. Objective: Neural evidence of PTG and its coexistence with resilience and PTSD is limited. To advance neural PTG literature and contribute translational neuroscientific knowledge necessary to develop future objectively measurable neural-based PTG interventions. Method: Alpha frequency EEG and validated psychological inventories measuring PTG, resilience, and PTSD symptoms were collected from 30 trauma-exposed healthy adults amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. EEG data were collected using custom MNE-Python software, and a wireless OpenBCI 16-channel dry electrode EEG headset. Psychological inventory scores were analysed in SPSS Statistics and used to categorise the EEG data. Power spectral density analyses, t-tests and ANOVAs were conducted within EEGLab to identify brain activity differentiating high and low PTG, resilience, and PTSD symptoms. Results: Higher PTG was significantly differentiated from low PTG by higher alpha power in the left centro-temporal brain area around EEG electrode C3. A trend differentiating high PTG from PTSD was also indicated in this same location. Whole-scalp spectral topographies revealed alpha power EEG correlates of PTG, resilience and PTSD symptoms shared limited, but potentially meaningful similarities. Conclusion: This research provides the first comparative neural topographies of PTG, resilience and PTSD symptoms in the known literature. Results provide objective neural evidence supporting existing theory depicting PTG, resilience and PTSD as independent, yet co-occurring constructs. PTG neuromarker alpha C3 significantly delineated high from low PTG and warrants further investigation for potential clinical application. Findings provide foundation for future neural-based interventions and research for enhancing PTG in trauma-exposed individuals. Objective translational study designed to increase neural understanding of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and provide a basis for future neural-based interventions to enhance PTG. Results provide neural evidence of PTG as an independent construct that coexists, and shares limited neural relatedness with resilience and PTSD symptoms. Increased PTG was significantly related to higher alpha power in the left centro-temporal brain area around EEG electrode C3: This finding warrants further investigation for potential clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter aims to explore the potential impact of the Turkey-Syria earthquake on the psychological well-being of the affected children and adolescents. It emphasises the crucial importance of prompt identification and management of emerging mental health disorders in this vulnerable population. The letter draws on existing research evidence to highlight the need for suitable mental health interventions to mitigate the anticipated suffering of many children and adolescents affected by the earthquake. A comprehensive overview of the mediating factors which may play a role in the extent of the impact of an earthquake on the mental health of children is discussed. A range of appropriate strategies and interventions are recommended and the call for continued global support is renewed. We have concluded that major earthquakes can potentially contribute to the development of mental health disorders among children and adolescents. However, by providing timely and effective support, it is possible to prevent long-term psychological consequences and facilitate early recovery. We propose the urgent implementation of effective mental health interventions in the aftermath of the Turkey-Syria earthquake to foster the recovery and resilience of the affected young population. Mental health disorders are more prevalent in children affected by earthquakes. Prompt identification of emerging mental health disorders among this population is crucial. Management of the psychological impact in this context must be practical and needs-based. A focused and continued global support response is needed to manage the long-term challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study focuses on describing and analyzing the Catholic faith as a coping strategy, considering the experiences, addressing and attitude presented to death from a group of elderly Catholics. A qualitative methodological design was selected using the semi-structured interview. The interviews were conducted with 21 participants from the city of Granada (Spain) aged between 61 and 78 years, the majority being in the range of 65 to 70 years. The results show that the religious attitudes of older Catholics must be considered when dealing with death, which is also determined by their life experiences and death. For this reason, religion and spirituality offer ways to facing death through values, beliefs, meanings, and practices that allow us to anticipate and resolve critical situations. For this purpose, they are a very important means of positively facing the process of life and death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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La delincuencia juvenil va en aumento, ya que factores individuales, familiares y sociales hacen vulnerables a muchos menores a que en la adolescencia delincan. Los factores individuales y los familiares son los que más fácilmente pueden ser tratados de forma tal que la mejoría en ellos traiga como resultado una disminución en la probabilidad de que luego los menores caigan en conductas delictivas. Objetivo: revelar la presencia de factores de riesgo personales y familiares de la delincuencia en menores que viven en la zona sureste de la ciudad de Santiago de los Caballeros, República Dominicana, al identificar en ellos su nivel intelectual, analizar su inteligencia emocional y de-terminar su estilo de afrontamiento y cuán funcionales son sus familias. Muestra: 538 menores que estudiaban en la escuela Ana Josefa Jiménez en los grados cuarto, quinto y sexto de primaria. Resultados: más de la mitad de los menores tienen un nivel bajo de inteligencia, en cuanto a la inteligencia emocional la puntuación más baja la tiene autocontrol, seguido por autoconciencia y empatía, el estilo de afrontamiento que utiliza la mayoría es indefinido, y más de la mitad de las familias son funcionales. Conclusión: 94% presentó factores de riesgo para la delincuencia, 29% un indicador, 38% dos indicadores, 23% tres indicadores y 4% los cuatro indicadores, revelando la presencia de factores de riesgo personales y familiares de la delincuencia en los menores que viven en la zona sureste de Santiago de los Caballeros.

Este estudio se centra en describir y analizar las experiencias, el afrontamiento y la actitud que presentan ante la muerte un grupo de personas mayores católicas. Se seleccionó un diseño metodológico cualitativo mediante el uso de la entrevista semiestructurada. Las entrevistas se realizaron a 21 participantes de la ciudad de Granada (España) con edades comprendidas entre los 61 y 78 años, estando la mayoría en el rango de 65 a 70 años. Los resultados muestran que en el afrontamiento religioso de las personas mayores católicas hay que tener presente la actitud de las mismas la cual también viene determinada por sus experiencias ante la vida y la muerte. Por ello, la religión y la espiritualidad ofrecen modos de afrontar la muerte a través de unos valores, creencias, sentidos y prácticas que permiten anticipar y resolver situaciones críticas. Se constituyen como un medio muy importante para afrontar positivamente el proceso de la vida y de la muerte.

Las condiciones impuestas por la pandemia de COVID 19 generó estrés en el personal de enfermería que asistió a los contagiados, cuyo nivel estuvo condicionado por la capacidad de afrontamiento. El objetivo del estudio fue correlacionar el nivel de estrés y la capacidad afrontamiento en profesionales de enfermería que laboraron en las áreas de atención a pacientes críticos en los hospitales generales públicos de las provincias ecuatorianas: Imbabura, Carchi, Sucumbíos y Esmeraldas, durante el año 2021. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, con diseño no experimental y alcance correlacional; en la que participaron los 240 de ese contexto. Los datos se recolectaron mediante dos instrumentos: la Escala de Estresores Laborales en Personal de Enfermería y la Escala de Medición del Proceso de Afrontamiento y Adaptación. El 68,3% de los encuestados tenían menos de 36 años, el 80,8% era de sexo femenino y el 88% tenía nivel de formación de licenciatura. La mayoría tenía un nivel alto de capacidad de afrontamiento (76,7%); mientras que, en el caso del estrés fue el nivel medio (68,8%). Entre ambas variables de estudio se estableció una correlación positiva estadísticamente significativa con una intensidad moderada.

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Esta investigación tuvo como finalidad determinar la relación entre las estrategias de afrontamiento, el bienestar subjetivo y psicológico durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en escolares limeños. La metodología utilizada fue un estudio cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo-correlacional y transversal en una muestra total de 115 adolescentes estudiantes de nivel secundario. Asimismo, se trabajó la correlación con la prueba Rho de Spearman para lograr determinar la relación entre las variables. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, las estrategias de afrontamiento se correlacionan significativamente con el bienestar psicológico, mientras que gran parte de las escalas y los estilos de estrategias de afrontamiento se asocian de manera negativa y no significativa con las dimensiones del bienestar subjetivo (afecto positivo y afecto negativo).

Objetivo: La pandemia ocasionada por el COVID- 19 y sus consecuencias por el alto índice de mortalidad, afectó a la población mundial a nivel de salud mental, psicológica y emocional. La comunidad académica de la enfermería no fue la excepción; por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue describir el significado del duelo frente al COVID - 19 en estudiantes y profesores de enfermería de una institución universitaria. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo con enfoque fenomenológico, a partir de la experiencia de 12 personas que enfrentaron duelo ante la pérdida de un ser querido por COVID -19. La información se obtuvo de septiembre de 2021 a febrero de 2022 mediante entrevistas en profundidad grabadas y transcritas literalmente; posteriormente se identificaron las palabras clave para categorizarla. Resultados: Emergieron cuatro categorías: El último adiós por lo que el COVID nos quitó; seguir viviendo en medio de un duelo por COVID; búsqueda de apoyo para sobrellevar el duelo COVID; lo que cambió después de perder a un ser querido por COVID. Los datos anteriores indican que se debe pensar en el cuidado sobre este tipo de actitudes frente al duelo sobre la desaparición de seres queridos y cercanos por el COVID-19 desde la academia de manera particular. Conclusiones: El estudio concluye que estudiantes y profesores de un programa de enfermería enfrentaron un proceso complejo y diverso, con matices sociales, culturales y que las categorías develadas dan luz a posibles acciones de cuidado orientadas a la población de estudio.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to national lockdown measures, implying individuals' household confinement, constraining active contact with outdoor nature, with potential associated mental health consequences. Hence, this cross-sectional correlational design study with 310 participants examined the relationship between self-reported measures of variety and intensity of indoor/outdoor activities involving contact with nature, life satisfaction and affect during the first nationwide lockdown in Portugal in 2020. Results showed a positive weak association between indoor activity intensity and positive affect, and between reported indoor mental recreation of contact with nature and negative affect. Actual indoor contact with nature was positively associated with life satisfaction and positive affect. Individuals without a variety of contact with indoor nature reported lower life satisfaction than those with high variety. Indoor contact with nature seemed particularly important for well-being during lockdown. During prolonged household confinement, mental health and well-being could be promoted through outdoor contact but indoor alternatives should also be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic, in its beginnings, caused a great impact with a high morbidity and mortality in which health teams, especially nursing, had to face great vital organizational changes in the way of caring. Objective: To understand from an interdisciplinary perspective the coping of nurses in an Adult Intensive Care Unit of a public hospital in Valparaíso, Chile, when caring for people diagnosed with COVID-19 during the year 2020 of the pandemic. Methodology: Qualitative study with a narrative design, which convenience sampling allowed the selection of 8 nurses who participated voluntarily after signing the informed consent. The collection of information was carried out through a semi-structured interview recorded virtually by videoconference, with prior authorization from the hospital's Scientific Ethics Committee. Results: The stressors were identified: Seeing people die, fear of infecting others, organizational changes and the uncertainty about the disease. To deal with them, they had personal and environmental resources, using coping strategies focused on the problem and emotion, which allowed them to adapt and focus the care of the person served. Conclusions: Nurses faced caring with emotional intelligence and resilience, which added to structural changes and the restructuring of their role, allowing them to adapt to overcome the contingency situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Interamericana de Psicología is the property of Sociedad Interamericana de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The human cadaveric material (CM) in the course of Anatomy of the Medicine career is the oldest and most complete didactic resource for teaching. This element carries important meanings and multiple crossings (legal, ethical, procedural, cultural) that, from the middle of the 20th century, had questions and antagonistic pedagogical positions regarding its use. Its use generates emotional reactions in students, often negative, which are processed by the defense mechanisms and coping strategies available to the subject. When these are exceeded, a syndromic courtship may appear that constitutes negative cadaveric coping, which is a factor that places the student in a state of vulnerability with academic alterations. We consider it necessary for this group of students, as well as for those in their coping process, didactic strategies that support them in the process and tend to an inclusive education so that negative cadaverous coping is not a cause of desertion or risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Debido a las normas de bioseguridad, la pandemia del COVID-19 ha cambiado la manera en que los familiares y amigos asumen el duelo por la muerte de un ser querido, independientemente de la causa de la muerte. El objetivo del estudio fue describir la manifestación de ritos funerarios y experiencias de duelo en el pasado y durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Sincelejo (Sucre, Colombia). La investigación es de enfoque cualitativo, de alcance descriptivo; se toma la teoría fundamentada como método cualitativo de análisis de datos, con la intención de interpretar los significados desde la realidad social de los individuos. El análisis de los datos se realizó con el programa ATLAS.Ti. Se concluye que los ritos funerarios han cambiado a lo largo del tiempo en el municipio de Sincelejo; sin embargo, debido a la pandemia, estos cambios se han acelerado aún más y han provocado nuevas formas de asumir el duelo: el duelo se vive sin el cuerpo y sin la mirada de los otros.

El objetivo de este artículo es describir la relación de la mentalización y el estilo de apego sobre el afrontamiento del estrés durante la cuarentena por covid-19 en Colombia. En el estudio participaron 253 personas, de las cuales 68 fueron hombres, 184 mujeres y 1 se identificó como otro. Los participantes se eligieron mediante un muestreo no probabilístico de tipo bola de nieve y el cuestionario de datos se distribuyó por redes sociales. Como instrumentos de investigación se utilizó el Cuestionario de Afrontamiento frente al Estrés (cae) —la forma revisada de la eec-r—, medida de autoinforme diseñada para evaluar siete estilos básicos de afrontamiento; el Cuestionario de Experiencias en Relaciones Cercanas-revisado (ecr) y el Cuestionario de Función Reflexiva (rfq-8). En los resultados se encontraron correlaciones entre el estilo de apego y la mentalización con el estilo de afrontamiento frente al estrés durante el aislamiento por la pandemia covid-19. Se evidenció que un estilo de apego seguro facilita estilos de afrontamiento más adaptativos, a diferencia de los estilos de apego ansioso y evitativo que están más relacionados con estilos de afrontamiento como la auto focalización negativa y la evitación.

La pandemia del COVID-19 ha generado distintos retos que los adultos han estado tratando de sobrellevar mediante el uso de distintos estilos de afrontamiento con la finalidad de obtener tranquilidad y satisfacción con su vida. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo principal analizar la relación entre el uso de los estilos de afrontamiento al estrés y la satisfacción con la vida en adultos. Se empleó un estudio no experimental con diseño correlacional y participaron 306 adultos de ambos sexos, de Lima Metropolitana y del Callao, quienes respondieron instrumentos de autoinforme. Los resultados mostraron que ambas variables de estudio se relacionan significativamente, y un análisis de regresión estableció que los estilos de afrontamiento son predictores de la satisfacción con la vida. Asimismo, existen ciertas diferencias en los estilos de afrontamiento según el sexo y la edad de los participantes. Se concluye que la satisfacción con la vida está asociada al uso de los estilos de afrontamiento de los adultos de Lima