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Background: The relevance of person-centred care as an optimising approach to the quality of care provided to older adults has sparked the development of important instruments that measure this approach at residential care facilities and requires vali-dation for the Portuguese population.Objectives: This study aims to adapt and validate the Person-centered Care Assessment Tool (P-CAT) to the Portuguese population.Methods: The P- CAT assesses the level of person-centred care provided by resi -dential care facilities, according to staff. The process of adapting the P- CAT to the Portuguese population includes its translation, backtranslation and a pilot study. To recruit participants for the validation study, we contacted the Portuguese residential care facilities with emails provided in the official registries, and the study was also divulged on social media.Results: The study had the participation of 573 staff members. The mean score of P- CAT was 50.76 (SD = 7.65). The exploratory factor analysis showed three dimen -sions: the extent of care personalisation, the amount of organisational support and the degree of environmental accessibility. The results show good internal consistency for the total scale (α= 0.809) and good temporal stability in the test– retest assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (0.893).Conclusions: This version of the P-CAT for the Portuguese population has shown ad-equate psychometric properties and contributes to the study of care provided at resi-dential care facilities in Portugal through self- reporting from staff.Implications for practice: The availability of this instrument is useful for professional practice and research purposes and supports technical and scientific advancements that are necessary for the evolution of care frameworks.

The present study aimed to translate the Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (BERQ) into European Portuguese and to explore its (factor) structure and reliability. The sample consisted of 469 Portuguese higher education students, aged between 18 and 63 years (M = 21.99, SD = 5.978). A Principal Component Analysis and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted. The BERQ subscales showed adequate internal consistency values (α = .72 ~ .91). The original five-dimensional structure (Seeking Distraction, Withdrawing, Actively Approaching, Seeking Social Support, and Ignoring), each with four items, was confirmed. The results suggest that the Portuguese version of the BERQ is a psychometrically reliable measure of behavioral emotion regulation., {"references":["1.\tGROSS, J.J. Emotion regulation: Taking stock and moving forward. In: Emotion, 2013, vol.13, no.3, p.359-365. ISSN 1931-1516.","2.\tCOHEN, S., MURPHY, M. L. M., PRATHER, A. A. Ten surprising facts about stressful life events and disease risk. In: Annual Review of Psychology, 2019, vol.70, no.1, p.577-597. ISSN 1545-2085.","3.\tGROSS, J.J., JAZAIERI, H. Emotion, emotion regulation, and psychopathology. In: Clinical Psychological Science, 2014, vol.2, no.4, p.387- 401.\tISSN 2167-7034.","4. GARNEFSKI, N., KRAAIJ, V., SPINHOVEN, P. Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. In: Personality and Individual Differences, 2001, vol.30, no.8, p.1311-1327. ISSN 1873-3549.","5.\tKRAAIJ, V., GARNEFSKI, N. The Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Development, psychometric properties and relationships with emotional problems and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. In: Personality and Individual Differences, 2019, vol.137, p.56-61. ISSN 1873-3549.","6.\tGRATZ, K.L., ROEMER, L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. In: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 2004, vol.26, no.1, p.41-54. ISSN 1573-3505.","7.\tVELOSO, M., PINTO-GOUVEIA, J., DINIS, A. Estudos de validação com a versão portuguesa da Escala de Dificuldades na Regulação Emocional (EDRE). In: Psychologica, 2011, no.54, p.87-110. ISSN 1647-8606.","8.\tMARTINS, E.C., FREIRE, M., FERREIRA-SANTOS, F. Examination of adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies as transdiagnostic processes: Associations with diverse psychological symptoms in college students. In: Studia Psychologica, 2016, vol.58, no.1, p.59- 73.\tISSN 2585-8815.","9.\tZHAO, Y., LI, P., WANG, X., KONG, L., WU, Y., LIU, X. The Chinese version of the Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Psychometric properties among university students. In: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2020, no.16, p.1889-1897. ISSN 1178-2021.","10. TUNA, E. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (BERQ). In: The Journal of General Psychology, 2020, vol.148, no.4, p.414-430. ISSN 1940-0888.","11. BHAT, N.A., DEVDUTT, J., JOHNSON, J. A., ROOPESH, B. N. Adaptation and psychometric validation of Hindi version of the Behavioural Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. In: Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 2021, vol.62, p.\t102730. ISSN 1876-2026.","12. STEVENS, J.P. Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. Taylor & Francis, 2009, ISBN 9780805859010.","13. BROWN, T.A. Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford Press, 2006, ISBN 9781593852740.","14. MARÔCO, J. Análise estatística com o SPSS Statistics (5ª ed.). ReportNumber, 2011, ISBN 978-989-96763-2-9.","15. MARÔCO, J. Análise de equações estruturais: Fundamentos teóricos, software & aplicações. ReportNumber, 2010, ISBN 9789899676312.","16. BYRNE, B.M. Structural equation modeling with Amos: Basic concepts, applications, and programming (2nd ed.). Taylor & Francis, 2010, ISBN 9780805863734.","17. GANZEL, B., RARICK, J. R. D., MORRIS, P. A. Stress and emotion: Embodied, in context, and across the lifespan. In: L. FELDMAN-BARRETT, M.\tLEWIS, J. M. HAVILAND-JONES, eds. Handbook of emotions (4th ed). Guilford Press, 2016, p.707-735."]}

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic non-cancer pain is considered a public health problem, affecting 37% of the Portuguese population. Pain treatment represents a fundamental human right. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the vast majority of these patient care services were considered non-urgent or non-emergent, and clinical appointments and treatment were postponed or un-scheduled. Imposed restrictions, such as measures to prevent a COVID-19 infection, became counterproductive with regard to the management of chronic pain. Its impact should be emphasized especially in the older population, due to the associated physical and psychological comorbidities. This study aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the pain of older people in four aspects: i) intensity, treatment and management of pain; ii) mental health; iii) lifestyles; iv) quality of life. METHODS: Review in Pubmed, SCOPUS and SCIELO databases using the terms: chronic non-cancer pain, pain management, aged and COVID-19. 86 articles were found and 13 were selected. Articles included cumulatively addressed chronic pain, represented original research of a clinical nature, and analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of chronic pain. Preference was given to studies with participants aged 65 years or older. Studies in adults with no mention of age in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on aspects infuencing chronic pain and its management were also included. Only one article exclusively studied the senior population. RESULTS: The pandemic affected: i) increased pain intensity (n=10), changes in its pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment (n=3) and its management, that is, the adaption of the health professionals and patients (n=1); ii) negatively affected mental health: symptoms of stress and anxiety/depression (n=9), psychological distress (n=4), social isolation/loneliness (n=6); iii) lifestyles: physical activity (n=4), sleep quality (n=4) and physical performance (n=5); iv) reduction of quality of life (n=5). Despite the heterogeneous results, a worsening of pain and mental health was found, as well as alteration of styles and quality of life and disruption of medical services. CONCLUSION: The restrictions imposed by the pandemic affected several areas of pain in the short term. Telemedicine has emerged as an adopted solution, but the barriers in the senior population, such as lack of digital literacy and lack of technological equipment, cannot be overlooked. The lack of knowledge of the specific impact of COVID-19 on the pain of the senior population calls for more research that focuses on the long-term consequences, as well as the solutions to be adopted in order to contain the damage in this vulnerable population. HIGHLIGHTS Worsening of pain and mental health, change in lifestyles and decreased quality of life. Disruption of medical services generated by the pandemic period reinforce the need for a holistic and individual approach to health care. Impact of the pandemic on chronic pain management has been little explored in older people. Need for further research focusing on long-term consequences, as well as the solutions to be adopted in order to contain injuries or dysfunctions in this vulnerable population.

The aging of a population leads to a higher need for gerontological care. Person-centered care for older adults (PCCOA) offers a higher standard of quality at residential care facilities (RCFs). This systematic review is aimed at synthesizing Portuguese and Spanish studies on PCCOA, describing the process of implementation of PCCOA; exploring the impact of interventions based on PCCOA and determining the measurement tools used to evaluate PCCOA. This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Thirty-one of the included studies were conducted in Spain, and six were conducted in Portugal. Studies involved the development of models/recommendations, the promotion of resident participation in care processes and education/training. Their results indicated that PCCOA has positive outcomes for staff members and residents.

During the pandemic, restrictive measures were implemented at Portuguese residential care facilities (PRCF), such as isolating residents and ceasing collective activities. It is important to understand how PRCF are implementing activities that allow residents to occupy their time and fight isolation. As such, we aim to analyze whether: 1. new activities were implemented for residents (identifying which were carried out); 2. occupation activities were provided to isolated residents in their rooms (identifying which were carried out); 3. the implementation of activities is associated with variables like the amount of staff. This is an exploratory, quantitative, and cross-sectional study. An online questionnaire was sent by email to 2325 PRCF and entities were asked to share it with their workers. The study was also divulged on social networks. Data collection occurred between July 8th and October 18th, 2020. The study had 784 staff members participating and 90.8% reported that new activities were implemented at their facilities, predominantly videocalls. Concerning isolated residents most respondents (64.4%) stated that providing activities was impossible. Results showed that those PRCF that expanded teams had a higher percentage of new activities and activities with residents isolated in bedrooms. These results are alarming because while residents should have had more resources to cope with the pandemic, higher risks of unoccupied time and isolation existed, a dramatic situation for its potentially harmful consequences. Focusing on sanitary issues (and less on older adults) may reinforce traditional care models that had shown negative impacts before the pandemic. This highlights the need to evolve the care paradigm during and beyond the pandemic at PRCF: with Person-Centered Care as an option.

This study aims to explore and compare the reaction of long-term care staff towards situations of sexual intercourse in which one or both partners have dementia. Participants were 538 staff members at 28 Portuguese long-term care facilities. Data were collected using a printed questionnaire with seven vignettes with situations related to the sexuality of LTCF residents. In this study, three of these vignettes were analysed with situations in which residents were having relationships in their bedrooms: (1) one male resident and one female resident; (2) two residents with dementia; (3) two residents, one of them with dementia. For each of the vignettes, participants are asked what they think their 'colleagues' would do in each vignette, i.e. 'What do you think most of your colleagues would do?' The results revealed that when sexual relationships involved both partners living with dementia, the most selected reaction was 'Comment on what happened with supervision or direction', which may suggest that the situation was perceived as difficult or problematic. The most restrictive reactions were most often chosen when only one partner had dementia. This study suggests the need to improve and provide training, so that staff have knowledge and strategies that allow people living with dementia to preserve their sexual rights in long-term care facilities.

Objectives: Subjective Cognitive Complaints, which result from the self-perception of Subjective Cognitive Decline, are frequently reported by older adults. The Cognitive Decline Complaints Scale (CDCS) assesses subjective complaints of cognitive decline in several cognitive domains through three levels of severity. This study aims to psychometrically validate this instrument considering the Classical Test Theory, and to establish preliminary normative data of the CDCS for adults and older adults of the Portuguese population. Methods: The community-based sample consisted of 199 cognitively healthy Portuguese participants, aged 50 years or older, stratified according to several sociodemographic variables. In addition to the CDCS, all participants responded to an extensive neuropsychological assessment protocol. Results: The psychometric characteristics of the CDCS were generally adequate for this community sample (e.g. Cronbach's alpha = .936). As for the sociodemographic variables analyzed, only the geographic region showed differences in the CDCS scores, which were more significant in the Azores. There were no significant correlations or differences between the CDCS scores and age and educational level and, therefore, normative data were explored considering the total sample. Conclusion: As a scale, the CDCS allows for the detailed assessment of subjective cognitive complaints and the determination of whether or not such complaints are considered normative, which will facilitate an empirically based understanding of this dimension of psychological functioning and also provide indications as to the need for a more extensive neuropsychological assessment., This work was supported by Foundation for Science and Technology [S.F., grant number: IF/01325/2015].

This is an integrated review of the literature on the effects of music interventions in dementia. The results suggest an overall positive impact of music interventions in people with dementia and their families and caregivers, particularly in the dimensions: cognition, behavior, mood, emotions, quality of life, well-being, pain, biomedical parameters and caregiver burden. However, the lack of methodologically consistent investigations is highlighted. Esta es una revisión bibliográfica integrada sobre los efectos de las intervenciones musicales en la demencia. Los resultados sugieren un impacto positivo general de las intervenciones musicales en las personas con demencia, sus familias y cuidadores, destacando su impacto en la cognición, el comportamiento, el estado de ánimo, las emociones, la calidad de vida, el bienestar, el dolor, los parámetros biomédicos y la carga del cuidador. Sin embargo, se destaca la falta de investigaciones metodológicamente consistentes. Trata-se de uma revisão integrada da literatura sobre os efeitos das intervenções com música na demência. Os resultados sugerem um impacto globalmente positivo das intervenções com música nas pessoas com demência, seus familiares e cuidadores destacando-se o seu impacto ao nível da cognição, comportamento, humor, emoções, qualidade de vida, bem-estar, dor, parâmetros biomédicos e sobrecarga do cuidador. No entanto, salienta-se a falta de investigações metodologicamente consistentes.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic non-cancer pain is considered a public health problem, affecting 37% of the Portuguese population. Pain treatment represents a fundamental human right. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the vast majority of these patient care services were considered non-urgent or non-emergent, and clinical appointments and treatment were postponed or un-scheduled. Imposed restrictions, such as measures to prevent a COVID-19 infection, became counterproductive with regard to the management of chronic pain. Its impact should be emphasized especially in the older population, due to the associated physical and psychological comorbidities. This study aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the pain of older people in four aspects: i) intensity, treatment and management of pain; ii) mental health; iii) lifestyles; iv) quality of life. METHODS: Review in Pubmed, SCOPUS and SCIELO databases using the terms: chronic non-cancer pain, pain management, aged and COVID-19. 86 articles were found and 13 were selected. Articles included cumulatively addressed chronic pain, represented original research of a clinical nature, and analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of chronic pain. Preference was given to studies with participants aged 65 years or older. Studies in adults with no mention of age in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on aspects infuencing chronic pain and its management were also included. Only one article exclusively studied the senior population. RESULTS: The pandemic affected: i) increased pain intensity (n=10), changes in its pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment (n=3) and its management, that is, the adaption of the health professionals and patients (n=1); ii) negatively affected mental health: symptoms of stress and anxiety/depression (n=9), psychological distress (n=4), social isolation/loneliness (n=6); iii) lifestyles: physical activity (n=4), sleep quality (n=4) and physical performance (n=5); iv) reduction of quality of life (n=5). Despite the heterogeneous results, a worsening of pain and mental health was found, as well as alteration of styles and quality of life and disruption of medical services. CONCLUSION: The restrictions imposed by the pandemic affected several areas of pain in the short term. Telemedicine has emerged as an adopted solution, but the barriers in the senior population, such as lack of digital literacy and lack of technological equipment, cannot be overlooked. The lack of knowledge of the specific impact of COVID-19 on the pain of the senior population calls for more research that focuses on the long-term consequences, as well as the solutions to be adopted in order to contain the damage in this vulnerable population. HIGHLIGHTS Worsening of pain and mental health, change in lifestyles and decreased quality of life. Disruption of medical services generated by the pandemic period reinforce the need for a holistic and individual approach to health care. Impact of the pandemic on chronic pain management has been little explored in older people. Need for further research focusing on long-term consequences, as well as the solutions to be adopted in order to contain injuries or dysfunctions in this vulnerable population. RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor crônica não oncológica é considerada um problema de saúde pública, afetando 37% da população portuguesa. O tratamento da dor representa um direito humano fundamental. Entretanto, durante a pandemia do COVID-19, a grande maioria destes serviços de assistência ao paciente foi considerada como não urgente ou não emergente, sendo consultas e tratamentos clínicos adiados ou desmarcados. Restrições impostas, como medidas de prevenção da infecção por COVID-19, tornaram-se contraproducentes no que se refere à gestão da dor crônica. O seu impacto deve ser realçado principalmente na população mais idosa, devido às comorbidades associadas quer físicas quer psicológicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o impacto da pandemia do COVID-19 na dor de pessoas idosas em quatro aspectos: i) intensidade, tratamento e gestão da dor; ii) saúde mental; iii) estilo de vida; iv) qualidade de vida. MÉTODOS: Revisão nas bases de dados Pubmed, SCOPUS e Scielo usando os termos: chronic non-cancer pain, pain management, aged e COVID-19. Foram encontrados 86 artigos e selecionados 13. Foram incluídos artigos que cumulativamente versavam sobre dor crônica, representavam pesquisa original de natureza clínica e analisavam o impacto da pandemia do COVID-19 na gestão da dor crônica. A preferência foi dada a estudos com participantes com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos. Também foram analisados estudos realizados em adultos sem menção de idade no âmbito do impacto da pandemia do COVID-19 sobre os aspetos que infuenciam a dor crônica e a sua gestão. Apenas um artigo estudou exclusivamente a população idosa. RESULTADOS: A pandemia afetou: i) aumento da intensidade da dor (n=10), alterações no seu tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico (n=3) e a sua gestão, isto é, a adaptação dos profissionais de saúde e dos doentes (n=1); ii) negativamente a saúde mental: sintomas de estresse e ansiedade/depressão (n=9), distresse psicológico (n=4), isolamento social/solidão (n=6); iii) estilos de vida: atividade física (n=4), qualidade do sono (n=4) e desempenho físico (n=5); iv) redução da qualidade de vida (n=5). Apesar dos resultados heterogêneos, verificou-se o agravamento da dor e saúde mental, alteração dos estilos e qualidade de vida, disrupção dos serviços médicos. CONCLUSÃO: As restrições impostas pela pandemia afetaram vários domínios da dor em curto prazo. A telemedicina surgiu como uma solução adotada, não podendo descurar os entraves na população idosa, como a falta de literacia digital e falta de equipamentos tecnológicos. O desconhecimento do impacto específico da COVID-19 na dor da população idosa sugere mais investigação que incida sobre as consequências em longo prazo, assim como as soluções a adotar de modo a conter lesões ou disfunções nesta população vulnerável. DESTAQUES Agravamento da dor e saúde mental, alteração dos estilos e diminuição da qualidade de vida. A disrupção dos serviços médicos gerados pelo período pandêmico reforça a necessidade de uma abordagem holística e individual na assistência de saúde. Impacto da pandemia na gestão da dor crônica foi pouco explorado em pessoas idosas. Necessidade de mais investigações que incidam sobre as consequências em longo prazo, assim como as soluções a adotar de modo a conter lesões ou disfunções nesta população vulnerável.

Resumo Entre os cuidadores informais, existem os que pertencem à Geração Sandwich (GS) que prestam, simultaneamente, cuidados a pessoas com algum grau de dependência de grupos etários diferentes: pessoas idosas e crianças, geralmente, pais e filhos. Trata-se de um tipo específico de cuidadores informais pouco investigado em Portugal que se encontra frequentemente sob pressão, com elevadas exigências e que tendem a reduzir os seus autocuidados. Este estudo pretende avaliar e comparar a depressão e ansiedade em cuidadores pertencentes e não pertencentes à GS. Participaram no estudo 178 cuidadores, 98 pertencentes e 80 não pertencentes à GS. Os instrumentos usados foram um questionário sociodemográfico e o Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18). Os resultados indicam valores mais elevados de depressão e ansiedade nos cuidadores pertencentes à GS comparativamente aos não GS. Na GS foram constatadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas ao nível da depressão em função do género, estado marital, exercício físico, estatuto socioecónomico e grau de dependência das pessoas idosas cuidadas. Quanto à ansiedade, foram observadas diferenças em função do número de filhos. Este estudo sugere a necessidade de um maior conhecimento dos cuidadores GS e a necessidade de configurações de apoio adaptadas às especificidades dos cuidadores GS para que possam desempenhar com mais bem-estar e sentimentos de realização pessoal o seu papel de cuidadores junto dos mais velhos e mais novos.