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In this study, nanotechnology was used to develop a coating from agricultural waste. Banana peels underwent various chemical processes, nanoparticles were developed and tests were conducted to validate it. The metal samples used for coating application were made of mild steel which is used to produce a large percentage of metal parts in the industry and was selected for this research project due to that reason. The metals were cut into 50 mm x 50 mm and 50 mm x 30 mm. The sample coatings included a control coating which was used as the yardstick to know the effects of the nano coating applied which contained various concentrations of nanoparticles showed results that were more favorable than the coatings that were applied without nanoparticles contained in them. Qualitative analysis of the coated metal samples A to G showed that sample E which had 7.24 grams of nanoparticles contained in it had the highest amount of hardness while sample A which was control coating possessed the least hardness amount. The abrasion test of the samples revealed that sample D which had 21.72 grams of nanoparticles contained in it possessed the highest weight of coating before and after the abrasion test

Silica nanoparticles were synthesized from Rice husk ash (RHA) through the top-down approach production greyish coloured particles. The spectroscopical investigation showed a compositional analysis of 74.6% silicon, 20% oxygen and 5.4% carbon. Microstructural studies indicated an average particle area of 7.8nm2 and average particle size of 4nm. The nanoparticles were dispersed into the lubricant oil of the compressor such that when the refrigerant is dispersed over the compressor, the particles mix with the refrigerant giving the nano-refrigerant mixture. The nanoparticles were dispersed into the mineral oil at concentrations of 0.2wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.5 wt% and 0.6 wt% and fed into the compressor to combine with the refrigerant in the vapour compression system. The refrigerator was run for 240 minutes for each sample as well as the control sample which was the refrigerant R600a. Performance evaluation was carried out to assess the viability of the developed nano-refrigerant. Generally, an increase in the refrigerating effect compared to the control sample by all concentrations apart from the 0.6wt% by 13, 7.5, and 12.5% and a corresponding increase in the COP by 31, 23 and 35% compared to the control sample for the 0.2 wt%, 0.3 wt% and 0.5 wt% concentrations respectively was recorded.

Due to the harmful effects that conventional mineral oils have on human health and the environment, vegetable oils are becoming more and more dominant as cutting fluids in metal-cutting operations. In terms of cutting temperature and surface roughness, this paper examines the comparative advantages of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) with a cutting fluid based on vegetable oil to fully dry machining and MQL machining with mineral oil during the milling of ASTM A36 steel. MQL machining with African star oil performed significantly better than dry cutting and mineral oil due to a significant drop in cutting zone temperature that enabled favourable chip-tool interaction. The findings also showed that the surface finish improved significantly with the use of African star oil as a lubricant. African star oil can undertake the same tasks as foreign-made lubricants when it comes to the milling of ASTM A36 steel, as evidenced by its efficiency when compared to the common cutting lubricant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to experimentally test the thermo physical properties of the corn cob ash nanofluid as a heat transfer fluid. The experimental procedure involve in preparation of extraction of silica nanoparticles from corn cob ash agro-waste and its performance evaluations. The results obtained from the EDS test shows the dominant constituents of corn cob to be Silica, Oxygen, Aluminium, and Calcium with the highest concentrations of 40.20%, 20.20%, 15.65%, and 10.40% respectively. However, with the use of the chemical synthesis method, silica nanoparticle powder made from corn cob ash was produced (CCA). The generated silica particles ranged in size from 10 to 28 nm, with an average diameter well inside the nanometre range at 18.585 nm. The combination of 'Water, Coolant and Nanofluid (0.0015% Concentration)' gives the maximum heat transfer rate, demonstrating that it is the greatest cooling fluid out of the all the coolants that were experimented. Conclusively, this cooling fluid with the highest rate of heat transfer, 'Water + Coolant + Nanofluid (0.0015% Concentration)', would increase the performance of the car engine cooling system, thereby resulting in less fuel consumption and making it more economically efficient for general uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research study presents a comparative analysis of the evaporator temperatures in a liquid desiccant refrigerator and a conventional refrigerator. The aim of the study is to investigate the performance and efficiency of the liquid desiccant refrigeration technology and its potential benefits compared to conventional refrigeration systems. Evaporator temperature data was collected over a period of time for both systems, and the results were analyzed to gain insights into their cooling capabilities. Results shows that where the conventional refrigerator's evaporator temperature decreases by 9.2℃, the liquid dessicant evaporator temperature only decreased by 0.6℃. Hence, the liquid desiccant refrigerator demonstrated a slower cooling rate, maintaining higher initial evaporator temperatures, and exhibiting a more gradual temperature reduction with a coefficient of performance of 0.13. In contrast, the conventional refrigerator exhibited a faster cooling rate, achieving lower evaporator temperatures within a shorter time frame. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of energy-efficient and sustainable cooling solutions in today's context of environmental concerns and energy conservation. Conclusively, although the conventional refrigerator achieves a higher cooling rate at a much faster pace, the liquid dessicant refrigerator with advantages such as improved moisture control, potentially higher energy efficiency and slower temperature reduction indicates a more balanced and controlled cooling process which could boost refrigeration processes if widely adopted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating environmental concerns surrounding the massive production and improper disposal of non-biodegradable food packaging materials have led to the urgent need for sustainable alternatives. In response to this demand, the present study aims to model a biodegradable food package utilizing abundant agro-wastes, specifically rice husk, plantain stem, and sugarcane bagasse. The primary objective is to develop a packaging material that not only reduces environmental pollution but also utilizes readily available agricultural residues. Various formulations were tested to optimize the proportion of cooking starch, ensuring maximum binding efficiency while maintaining desirable physical and mechanical characteristics of the packaging material. The resulting mixture was then molded into the desired shape using a suitable technique such as compression molding or extrusion. The mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, flexibility, and impact resistance, were assessed to evaluate the performance of the developed packaging material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agricultural industry is crucial to the development of the national economy. Inadequate agricultural equipment maintenance could result to a huge economic impact, especially during the harvest period. Thus, this study highlighted on the importance of condition monitoring of agricultural machinery/equipment for enhanced agricultural productions. The study established that adequate condition monitoring of agricultural machineries provides reliability data that will help in the implementation of the integrity of maintenance strategies. Additionally, adequate health monitoring of the advanced machineries will help in improving the efficiency of the machines as well as improving the overall agricultural productivity. This study provides great insight to farmers on the way to monitor and maintain the health of their agricultural machineries.

The quest for sustainability in feed production industries and crushing machines in agricultural sectors that are more efficient have introduced the use of proper material for hammer material. Around the world, the manufacture of feed from animal waste is expanding quickly, and crushing equipment is now essential to enabling reliability. The issue of early failure of the crushing machine’s main components, however, is a challenge for the feed industries and has a direct impact on the machine’s maintenance, dependability, and running costs. A significant number of technical components have been created during the past decade for industrial applications employing novel materials and cutting-edge technologies through the development of carburisation. As a result, this review offers a concise summary of the most recent analysis of tribological issues related to crushing hammers made of low and medium-carbon steels. Recent studies on innovative crushing material design, improvement in hammer surface engineering, use of case-hardened hammers with a focus on material selection, crushing machine design optimisation, and failure mode analysis are included in the study. Additionally, it will intricate on the heat treatment technology’s present constraints and its future opportunities.

Condition monitoring is an essential technique which is usually deployed to monitor the health parameters and conditions of a boiler plant in such a way that variations or significant changes can like failure can be identified and proffer adequate solutions to it. It is an important aspect of condition-based maintenance which is used in maintaining an equipment according to its conditions. Thus, this study focused on the fundamental principles of condition monitoring which involve the identification and selection of a physical measurement that will show the deterioration stage and the importance of taking the readings at intervals. More so, the study established that monitoring and measurement should focus more at critical components that have high frequency of failure. Thus, condition-based maintenance of boilers will help in improving the ,availability of the boiler.

This study offers a thorough analysis of maintenance procedures and how they affect society in the setting of the fourth industrial revolution which is defined by the use of digital technology across a range of sectors, has altered maintenance procedures and brought fresh ideas for enhancing asset management. The maintenance process, which is essential to guaranteeing the smooth operation of modern industrial systems, is an important facet of this transformation. For a better understanding of the process of maintenance in the Fourth Industrial Revolution and its tremendous effects on many industries, productivity together with operational effectiveness, this article first gave a general review of it. Organizations may use the power of digital technology to optimize maintenance procedures, reduce downtime, and increase asset dependability by taking a pro-active and data-driven strategy. The paper also analyse the development of maintenance procedures, considers how new technologies might improve maintenance effectiveness, and explains how these developments affect industrial productivity, dependability, and sustainability. In fourth industrial revolution context, difficulties alongside potential future advances in maintenance procedures are also covered..

The emergence of Industry 4.0, characterized by the fusion of cutting-edge technology and digitization, has significantly altered the automotive industry. Automation, data interchange, and digital technology are combined in Industry 4.0 to produce a more productive and adaptable production environment. This technological advancement is not without its difficulties, such as a call for improvement on cybersecurity to prevent online attacks, up skilling and reskilling of industry employees to ensure high level of competencies, to mention a few. The auto industry is moving toward a new paradigm of connected vehicles and intelligent mobility options outside of the production environment thanks to Industry 4.0. With the integration of (IoT) the Internet of Things, cars have become sophisticated devices that can gather, process, and communicate enormous amounts of data. Sensors placed throughout the vehicle provide real-time monitoring of performance, external conditions, and driver behaviour. This increases safety protections, maximizes fuel efficiency, and paves the road for preventative maintenance. This study aims at developing a workforce framework that will help increase organizational effectiveness within the industry 4.0 paradigm. It also provides recent views on the development of the automobile industry due to Industry 4.0 incorporation, the perceived and current difficulties and possible solutions to identified challenges.

Animal bone waste (ABW) is hazardous to the environment and necessitates a sizable area for disposal. This study aims to employ animal bone waste (ABW) in functionalised compact concrete as a partial substitution for cementitious materials, the source of which are both unswerving and appropriate for substitute preventive solutions promotes the industry’s ecological sustainability by minimizing and reducing the negative impact of the concrete industry due to the explosive usage of raw materials. As a result, this paper examines the impact of using crushed animal bones as coarse aggregates in place of sand and cement in the production of concrete. With an improved step level of 10% through cement mass, ABW was applied at a percentage range of 0 to 40%. Bone’s various characteristics in its fresh and hardened states were looked examined. A Sieve shaker machine was employed to sieve the bone after which the bone was boiled and dried to remove moisture. To evaluate whether the employed aggregates and crushed animal bone were suitable for use in concrete, a physical analysis of each was performed.

This study involved the development of a nanofluid and its experimental use during a machining operation for enhancement of the surface profile of a mild steel rod. Silica nanoparticles were made from coconut shell and rice husk using a chemical process, and then disseminated into distilled water to create the hybrid nanofluid. A control sample was used to compare the performance of the created nano machining fluid. The mild steel samples had a better surface roughness when nano machining fluids were used.

This research is an initiative to improve the standard of living of rural dwellers and deprived settlements in a semi-urban location where epileptic power supply is predominant. The study is aimed at evaluating battery performance for the construction of a solar-powered mobile charger aimed at improving a steady power supply for electronic devices (phones, tablets, etc.), given the high and increased dependence on such devices in recent times. The solar-powered mobile charger was tested using various batteries available in the Nigerian market to determine the cheapest and most effective device to help rural dwellers. The constructed device was tested via its output voltage, current, time, and temperature. The results were subjected to further analysis by using Matlab and PVeducaction software for presentation and interpretation. The results of the analysis showed an efficiency value of seventy percent (70%) and a standard nominal voltage reading between 3.7 and 4.2 volts (V). The performance of the four batteries used affirmed its basic findings, however, Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) batteries and Lithium-ion (Li-ion) metal (Ni-MH) batteries showed stability among the batterires used. The study recommends the commercialization phase of the construction to improve the living standards of rural dwellers and deprived settlements in a semi-urban location.

Failure of engineering materials is most often catastrophic but yet avoidable. This possibility has resulted in various studies into possible ways to strengthen engineering materials with quite a lot of opinions surfacing. The rapid development in world population has brought about high demand for agricultural products, which in turn results in daily increase in environmental degradation and pollution, hence their consideration as agro-based flux. This study was a review of approaches to strengthen carbon steels using a few agro waste types (Date seed, Palm kernel shell & Banana peel). The characteristic properties and engineering value of these various wastes have been closely studied. The review shows that Date Seed and Palm kernel shell shows better strength abilities and could enhance steel types better than Banana Peel and is recommended for use.

Biogas has been noted as a steady rising source of sustainable energy, but very few are aware of its innate potential and how to efficiently harness its energy. So far, issues of sustainability have been solved via the use of human waste, which can never be depleted. The commercialization and adaptability of biogas from human waste depend on the adoption of the usual septic tank and an efficient technology to enhance biogas quality. In this project, the design and construction of an efficient biogas compression system were proposed. This system is meant to compress the biogas for storage and commercial activity. It was observed that the extraction and enhancement chambers of the construction had >60% improvement. It is recommended that further work be carried out on the full automation of the system proposed.

Machining is an indispensable part of production technology with cutting tool. with cutting tool playing key roles in its operations. The demand for more efficient cutting tool increases continuously with technology. Most of the cutting tools in use are imported and the cost of replacement is high. This problem had resulted in series of studies into the development of cutting tools from indigenous materials, particularly agrowastes. This study was a review of the various tool development approaches using various agrowaste types. The challenges and recorded successes as well as gaps in knowledge have also been identified. Summarily, the use of cutting tools developed from steel types that have been case-hardened by agro wastes is a viable alternative that can be explored for use in machining technology.

The automotive sector has fuelled economic expansion in several countries. The automotive industry is changing quickly in the areas of response to shifting consumer tastes, the adoption of stronger government rules, and technology innovation. This study examines the current and future challenges faced by the automotive industry in developing countries and explores strategies for fostering growth and addressing these challenges. The automobile industry in developing countries confronts various obstacles, like infrastructure limitations, environmental concerns, lack of skilled workforce and market competitiveness. These challenges hinder the industrial growth and sustainability. However, there are also promising opportunities and future trends that can reshape the industry, such as electric vehicles, autonomous and connected vehicles, shared mobility services, advanced manufacturing techniques, and sustainable materials. To overcome these challenges and promote growth, several recommendations are proposed. These include: infrastructure development to improve accessibility, skill development programs to address skilled workforce shortage and effective policies. By addressing these challenges and implementing the recommended strategies, developing countries can advance growth, improve sustainability, and create a vibrant and competitive automobile industry. Conclusively, collaboration between governments, industry players, academia, and research institutions are vital for overcoming challenges, and achieving long-term success in evolving automotive landscape.

This research created a cutting tool made of recycled steel, palm kernel shell and alloy additives. Scrapped crankshaft and rod (100 kg) containing 0.5607% carbon were charged into an electric induction furnace with a maximum temperature of 3000℃ for melting. Before and after melting, the chemical composition of the charged components was determined using a UV-VIS spectrometer. Alloy additives were added in order to meet the carbon and other elements content of high Speed Steel materials. Samples were pulverized with carbon and heat treated. The performance of developed tool was evaluated using wear rate, toughness and micro structural analysis respectively. High proportion of carbide and strengthened martensite were obtained from the microstructure. The tool’s surface hardness and micro-hardness were 76.8 and 47.9 HB, respectively, while that of the control sample’s were 76.3 and 46.1 HB. Minimum wear rate and toughness of the 1ool were 1095x10-8m2/N and 15.01 J, while those of the control sample were 1.127x10-8 Cm2/N and 17 J respectively.

Manufacturing is an essential aspect of every thriving economy. It is a driver that cannot be overemphasized. This is so because production of goods and service is what ensures a continuous growth of the economy. It is therefore imperative to ensure the sustainability of this key tool. This study reviews the various elements of manufacturing, the strengths and constraints of sustainable manufacturing especially in Africa. The study concludes that manufacturing is sustainable provided the needed support from key players is available and can drive an economy to fast development.

This review investigates the impact of maintenance methods on machine reliability, focusing on their relationship with overall performance, durability, and availability. It emphasizes the importance of proactive maintenance, such as preventive maintenance, to identify and treat potential issues before they become significant failures. The review also examines the effectiveness of various maintenance procedures in enhancing machine reliability, examining the cost-benefit ratio of maintenance programs and the potential savings gained through improved reliability. The review highlights the role of maintenance methods in limiting risks and enhancing performance, emphasizing the importance of proper maintenance practices in ensuring smooth operations and reducing downtime.