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Zika, dengue, and Yellow fever are transmitted primarily by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Investigations to find more natural but highly effective pesticidal agents against Ae. aegypti have increased in the last few years. Plant-based compounds have been the source of several current pesticides and have provided models for creation of synthetic derivatives like the pyrethroids. Plants continue to be a rich source for potential new active ingredients. The aim of this study is to increase knowledge on V. dioscoridis and to present the results of the cytotoxic and insecticidal activities of various extracts of its roots and volatile compound compositions of roots. The hexane and chloroform extracts, HM1 and CM1 respectively, exhibited cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 128.4 and 86.93 mg/mL against the HepG2 cell line. Because CM1 had higher cytotoxicity across the studied concentration range, it was also tested against the HUVEC cell line. Extracts HM1 and CM1 were also tested for their insecticidal activities. CM1 was found to be the more active (mortality (\%) = 96.7\% +/- 5.8 at 5 mu g/mosquito), consistent with its cytotoxic activity. Since these active extracts were nonpolar, the chemical composition of the volatile compounds of the roots were analyzed by GC-MS analysis. About 87.7\% of the essential oil were characterized. The major compound was beta-eudesmol (9.2\%), following by camphene (8.9\%), bornyl acetate (8.2\%) and maaliol (7.6\%). This is the first study on the HepG2 and HUVEC cytotoxicity and insecticidal activity of V. dioscoridis. Further studies on the potential of this plant to define the spectrum of activity and examine potential therapeutic agents is warranted. (C) 2021 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hypericum species have been used since ancient times for medicinal purposes due to their important pharmacological properties. As the most abundant species of the genus Hypericum, Hypericum perforatum is unquestionably one of the best-known and most consumed medicinal plants in the world. The aim of this current study is to evaluate antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antiurease activities of the methanol extracts of flowering aerial parts of Hypericum calycinum L. Hypericum confertum Choisy, and Hypericum perforatum L. from Turkey. In this study, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were determined as pyrocatechol and quercetin equivalents, respectively. Antioxidant activities of the species were carried out by using DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS cation radical scavenging, metal chelate, and CUPRAC activity methods. Among the species that were investigated, it was determined that H. calycinum had the highest total phenolic content (141.12±2.40 μg PEs/mg), whereas H. confertum had the highest total flavonoid content (70.61±0.51 μg QEs/mg). The biochemical results in this study showed that all three species exerted strong antioxidant activity. H. calycinum appeared the most active in all antioxidant activity assays which is mainly due to its rich phenolic content. Additionally, H. calycinum showed the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, while H. perforatum had the best inhibition towards butyrylcholinesterase. According to the urease inhibitory activity assay results, only H. calycinum showed low antiurease activity, whereas the other species did not show any activity against urease. The obtained results suggest that the studied three Hypericum species, especially H. calycinum could be promising sources for the treatment of several diseases because of their antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties.

Salvia species have lately gained significant interest as a result of their suitable utilization in various industries. In the current study, S. hydrangea, one of the most consumed sages in the eastern region of Turkey, has been evaluated for phytochemical composition as well as in vitro pharmacological potential comparatively for the first time. The phytochemical composition of S.hydrangea was investigated by LC-MS/MS, GC-FID, and GC/MS. To reveal its biological activities, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and also acetylcholinesterase activities of different solvent extracts such as water, n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol were determined. According to GC/MS analysis, the primary components of the oil were identified as camphor (46.0%), 1,8-cineole (7.5%), camphene (6.8%), limonene (6.5%), a-pinene (5.6%) and b-pinene (6.1%). Additionally, in the infusion and methanol extract, rosmarinic acid and luteolin glycoside were detected as predominant phenolics by LC-MS/MS. In DPPH·, CUPRAC, and FRAP test results of the samples indicated strong to moderate antioxidant ability in all samples studied, additionally, among them, the infusion exhibited significant acetylcholine inhibition properties comparable with galanthamine. With regard to antimicrobial activity, all of the tested microorganisms had MIC values ranging from 15 to 2000 µg/mL. Based on these findings, S. hydrangea may have promising properties for a variety of industrial applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. © 2022 SAAB

Gunumuzde yaygin olarak kullanilan tibbi ve aromatik bitkiler hakkinda internet ortaminda yazilan bilgilerin dogrulugu bilimsel acidan arastirilmistir. En populer 3 tibbi bitki secilerek sosyal medyada bu bitkilerin tanitimi ve kullanim tavsiyeleri incelenmistir. Sanal ortamda hicbir filtreleme ya da denetleme mekanizmasi olmadan yayinlanan yanlis bilgilerin halk sagligini tehdit edecek duzeyde oldugu kanisina varilmistir. Bu reklamlara inanarak bitkileri kullananlari bu tehlikeden korumak icin saglik yetkilileri tarafindan bir kontrol mekanizmasi getirilmesi gerektigi dusunulmektedir.

Purpose: To evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects, and casticin contents of Vitex agnus-castus (VAC) fruit extract from five geographical regions of Turkey.Methods: Casticin determination in VAC fruit extracts was performed using HPLC-DAD method. The method was validated for linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy and precision. The methanol extracts of the VAC fruits were analyzed for antioxidant effects using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging capacity, metal-chelation capacity assay, radical cation scavenging capacity (ABTS•+), and total phenolic content. The cytotoxic potential of the extracts against NRK-52E and HeLa cells were determined using MTT and LDH assays.Results: The casticin content of the extracts ranged from 0.048 and 0.152 %. Total phenol content was in the range of 36.67 ± 0.7 to 74.20 ± 1.02 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 mg of extracts. High-tomoderate antioxidant properties were observed in the extracts. Cytotoxicity data demonstrated that all extracts showed high cytotoxic effects on HeLa cell line when compared to the NRK-52E cell line (p < 0.05).Conclusion: These results suggest that VAC fruits (Monk’s pepper fruits) from Aegean sea coasts have a potential for use in the preparation of phytopharmaceutical products. Keywords: Vitex agnus-castus, Casticin, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic activity, Anticancer

This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-acetylcholinesterase (anti-AChE) activities of methanolic extracts of H. neurocalycinum and H. malatyanum, two endemic species of the Turkish flora. HPLC-DAD analysis indicated that two naphthodianthrones (pseudohypericin and hypericin) together with chlorogenic acid, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, kaempferol, quercitrin, quercetin, amentoflavone and hyperforin are the main compounds present in the methanol extracts. The extracts were tested in vitro for their antioxidant activities including, inhibition of lipid peroxidation in liposomes, induced by Fe3 +/ascorbate system, scavenging effect on DPPH and superoxide anion radicals, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). H. neurocalycinum demonstrated stronger antioxidant properties than H. malatyanum due to higher activity on scavenging DPPH (EC50 = 2.49 ± 0.09 mg/mL) and superoxide anion radicals (EC50 = 0.613 ± 0.05 mg mg/mL), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation (EC50 = 2.49 ± 0.09 mg/mL). This difference in activity seems to be due to the presence of higher amounts of the antioxidant compounds (flavonoids) such as rutin, quercetin and kaempferol in H. neurocalycinum extract. The antioxidant activities of the extract may be attributed to their reducing capabilities. At 5 mg/mL H. neurocalycinum (FRAP value = 2.39 ± 0.039 mM Fe2 +) and H. malatyanum (FRAP value = 2.23 ± 0.013 mM Fe2 +) showed high ability to reduce Fe3 + to Fe2 +. The extracts were tested also for their in vitro AChE inhibitory activities. H. neurocalycinum inhibited 72.24 ± 0.39% of AChE activity at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. It was concluded that H. neurocalycinum is more effective AChE inhibitor and antioxidant than H. malatyanum.

DOI: 10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2019.19034Delphinium species are well-known toxic plants with their diterpenoid alkaloid contents. There has been no previous investigation on the cytotoxicity of Delphinium formosum Boiss. & Huet. The extracts of the different parts of D. formosum, an endemic species in Turkey, were investigated for their cytotoxic activity against the human liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2) and primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The cytotoxic effects of twelve extracts and subfractions were determined against HepG2 cells using MTT assay. The only active extract was applied to the HUVEC as a model for healthy cells. Only one of the alkaloid-containing extracts from the aerial parts was toxic (IC50 = 244,9 μg/mL against HepG2 and 144,4 μg/mL against HUVEC), while the root extracts were inactive. The results were improbable although it’s predicted secondary metabolites, such as diterpene alkaloids (methyllycaconitine, browniine, lycoctonine, avardharidine, antranoyllycoctonine, delsemine A/B and lycoctonine). Based on previous studies in literature, the cytotoxic plants were also expected to exhibit insecticidal activity. Therefore, the cytotoxic extract of D. formosum was examined for its adulticidal and larvicidal activity against the yellow fever, dengue fevers and Zika virus vector Aedes aegypti L.You may cite this article as: Sen-Utsukarci B, Tabanca N, Estep AS, Akbal-Dağıstan Ö, Kessler SM, Öztürk Z, Becnel J, Kiemer AK, Mat A (2019). The Cytotoxicity and Insecticidal Activity of Extracts from Delphinium formosum Boiss. & Huet. Istanbul J Pharm 10.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2019.19034.

Kiemer, Alexandra K./0000-0002-7224-9900; DAGISTAN, OZLEM AKBAL/0000-0002-6524-3535, WOS: 000489295500007, PubMed: 32597129, Valeriana is a common plant species used for various healing purposes in folk medicine since antiquity. This study investigates the phytochemical profile, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and insecticidal activity of Valeriana alliariifolia Adams, a species that has traditionally been used in Turkey. For the analyses we prepared four root extracts of V. alliariifolia Adams using hexane (HM1), chloroform (CM1), ethanol (EM1), and water (WM1) for maceration. Additionally, two extracts were also prepared from its roots by maceration separately with ethanol (EM2) and water (WM2). One sample was prepared as a water infusion (WI), according to the procedure used in Turkish traditional medicine. the 2,2-Diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical cation scavenging activity tests showed that ethanol extracts had the strongest antioxidant activity: EM1 (IC50 - DPPH: 17.694 mu g/mL; ABTS: 23.8 mu g/mL) and EM2 (IC50 - DPPH: 20 mu g/mL; ABTS: 21.5 mu g/mL). the hexane extract, HM1, was the most cytotoxic (IC50, Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program grants from the US Department of Defense Armed Forces Pest Management Board; US Department of Defense Armed Forces Pest Management Board, This study was partly funded by the Deployed War-Fighter Protection Research Program grants from the US Department of Defense Armed Forces Pest Management Board.

WOS: 000455644400004, This study was conducted on the antibacterial, antimycobacterial and antifungal activities of various extracts (petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CHCl3) and ethanol (EtOH) extracts; infusion and decoction) and essential oil from the aerial parts of S. cassia Sam. ex Rech.f. and the chemical composition of the most active samples. The antibacterial activity was determined against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli. The antimycobacterial activity was analyzed against five different Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the antifungal activity was compared with two dermotophytes and three Candida species. The composition of EO was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The EO had a very good activity against B. subtilis (0.3 mu L/mL) and good activity against S. aureus, methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and E. faecalis (0.6 mu L/mL). All extracts were active in the antimycobacterial and antifungal tests (MICs=50-400 mu g/mL). The EO was the most active samples against all Mycobacterium strains, dermatophytes and Candida species (MICs=0.1-6.25 mu L/mL). Because of the high activity of EO, its composition was analyzed, and the major compound was found caryophyllene oxide (22.3%), which was also found the major components of the essential oils from other antimicrobial plants such as Salvia trichoclada Benth., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [114S734], The parts of the antibacterial and antimycobacterial assays in this present work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. Project No. 114S734.

In the present work we carried out a phytochemical and biological investigation on three endemic Hypericum species, i.e. Hypericum thymbrifolium (H. thymbrifolium), Hypericum spectabile (H. spectabile) and Hypericum pseudolaeve (H. pseudolaeve) from Anatolia in order to discover new sources of natural compounds for the treatment of inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. HPLC-DAD analysis indicated that two naphthodianthrones (pseudohypericin and hypericin) together with chlorogenic acid, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, kaempferol, quercitrin, quercetin, amentoflavone, and hyperforin are the main compounds present in the methanol extracts. After chemical characterization, all extracts were in-vitro biologically assayed for antioxidant potential by lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity, DPPH, FRAP assays, and superoxide radical scavenging activity, for AChE inhibitory activity by Ellman’s method, for COX inhibitory activity by using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kit, for cytotoxic activity on HeLa and NRK-52E cell lines by MTT assay. The superoxide radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity of H. spectabile (EC50 = 0.430 mg/mL) were more remarkable than that of H. thymbrifolium and H. pseudolaeve. The extracts showed moderate inhibitory activity on AChE (from 49.37% to 63.41%). The best inhibitory activity against COX-1 (71.77% and 77.04%, respectively) and COX-2 ( 64.14% and 72.23%, respectively) were shown by H. thymbrifolium and H. spectabile, which may be due to their richest chlorogenic acid content (0.29576% and 0.23567%, respectively). Cytotoxicity screening results showed that the extracts did not demonstrate significant cytotoxic activity. It was concluded that the most promising extract with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and AChE inhibition potential is H. spectabile.

Background: In the last decade, a growing interest particularly in determining the cardiovascular effects of herbal extracts took place among researchers. Objective: Herein, we aimed to investigate the microvascular and blood pressure lowering effects of two differently processed extracts of the same herb, Alchemilla vulgaris (Rosaceaea), which was revealed to contain high levels of vasoactive compounds. Materials and Methods: For the purpose, endothelium intact rat mesenteric arteries were mounted in a myograph system and contracted with prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α : 3 × 10 −5 M) or potassium chloride (K + : 40 mM). Then, aqueous and methanol extracts were added at 0.01-10 mg/ml concentrations in a cumulative manner. Results: Both extracts produced relaxations in PGF 2α (3 × 10 −5 M) precontracted arteries which were insensitive to the inhibitors of endothelium derived vasoactive substances namely, L G -nitro-L-arginine (10 −4 M), ODQ (10 −5 M) and indomethacin (10 −5 M) or removal of endothelium. Opposite vascular effects were observed when extracts were applied in K + precontracted arteries. In addition, oral administration of the methanol extract of Alchemilla vulgaris, but not the aqueous extract, reduced blood pressure significantly in L-NAME hypertensive rats. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that the methanol extract of Alchemilla vulgaris has more prominent and favourable vascular effects in normal and experimental hypertensive conditions reinforcing its traditional use in cardiovascular disorders, in particular hypertension. These results most likely give rise to further studies to reveal its mechanism of action and clinical value of this herb.

Objective To evaluate the methanolic extracts of aerial parts of Hypericum scabroides (HSM) (200 mg/kg, p.o.) for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Methods The anti-inflammatory activity of HSM was tested in mice weighting (25±5) g. Either vehicle (control group), the methanolic extracts (200 mg/kg) or diclofenac (50 mg/kg), was administered (p.o.) for 60 min before an edema was induced in the mice paw by subcutaneous injection of carrageenin. The mouse-paw volume was measured 1 h, 3h and 6 h after injection of carrageenin. Results The HSM showed significant reduction of edema in carrageenan induced mice paw edema model at 1 h and 3 h for (78.03±15.54)% and (40.44±16.36)%, respectively. The diclofenac 50 mg/kg exhibited % reduction in paw volume (31.00±11.52)%, (0.80±0.09)% and (9.39±1.99)% after 1 h, 3 h and 6 h, respectively compared to control group. The obtained results revealed that HSM has significant anti inflammatory activity. Furethermore, the chemical composition of HSM was analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography–diode array dedector. The plant contained pseudohypericin (trace) hypericin (trace), chlorogenic acid (0.014 0±0.000 5)%, rutin (0.005 0±0.000 6)%, hyperoside (0.016±0.005)%, isoquercitrin (0.034 0±0.000 5)% and kaempferol (trace). Conclusions The obtained results of the present investigation revealed that methanol extract of Hypericum scarbroides has significant anti-inflammatory activity.

Hypericum species are one of the most commonly used medicinal plants all over the world and traditional uses of the Hypericum species are mainly characterized by external applications for the treatment of dermatological disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical compounds with anti-aging and anti-tyrosinase activities of Hypericum perforatum L., H. calycinum L., and H. confertum Choisy from Turkey and to bring innovation for further studies on developing formulations with Hypericum species for topical applications. In this study, chemical compositions of methanol extracts prepared from flowering aerial parts of the following species collected from Uludag, H. calycinum, H. confertum, and H. perforatum were investigated by LC–MS/MS. Nine metabolites, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, malic acid, protocatechuic acid, rutin, quercitrin, and isoquercitrin were identified in all analyzed species. To investigate the anti-aging and skin-whitening properties, enzyme inhibition activity of the three species were tested against, collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase enzymes. H. calycinum appeared the most active in all enzyme inhibition activity assays which is mainly due to its rich phenolic content. The methanol extract of H. calycinum showed the highest collagenase, elastase and hyaluronidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 51.24 ± 1.33 μg/mL, 55.77 ± 1.32 μg/mL and 22.17 ± 0.02 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, H. calycinum emerged as the most potential tyrosinase inhibitor among these species with 54.30 ± 0.49% at 200 μg/mL concentration. The most abundant compounds determined in H. calycinum methanol extract are, chlorogenic acid (2595.15 ± 0.179 μg/g), quercitrin (1805.9 ± 0.98 μg/g), quinic acid (885.50 ± 0.073 μg/g) and isoquercitrin (346.16 ± 0.046 μg/g), respectively. Our study demonstrates that all three extracts, especially H. calycinum extract are potential agents to use in cosmeceuticals for anti-aging and skin-whitening purposes.

Purpose: To evaluate the phenolic content and biological activities of Lycium barbarum fruits cultivated in Turkey.Methods: Phenolic compounds in the water and methanol extracts of the fruits were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide radical scavenging activities and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the fruits. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity of the fruits was evaluated by Ellman assay.Results: LC-MS/MS results showed that all the extracts contained phenolic compounds including flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins and polyphenols. Some anthocyanins, namely, cyanidin-3-Oglucoside, cyanidin chloride, pelargonin chloride, pelargonidin chloride, and pelargonidin-3-0-glucoside were identified in the fruits for the first time. Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside were the main anthocyanins in the water extract with levels of 119.60 ± 12.04 and 1112.25 ± 125.40 mg/kg, respectively. The results indicated that the extracts possessed good radical scavenging and ferric-reducing activities.Conclusion: The results show that Lycium barbarum cultivated in Konya is a good source of the phenolic compounds, and thus may be exploited for commercial production of the antioxidants.Keywords: Lycium barbarum, Goji berries, Antioxidant activity, Acetylcholinesterase, Flavonoids

The chemical composition of methanolic extract of Hypericum pamphylicum (HPM) was analyzed by using high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The plant contained hypericin (0.00002 ± 0.000001%), hyperforin (trace), chlorogenic acid (5.58 ± 1.59%), hyperoside (0.46 ± 0.05%), isoquercitrin (0.134 ± 0.02%) and quercetin (0.087 ± 0.008%). The antioxidant activity of HPM was evaluated by using several antioxidant tests. HPM exhibits inhibitory capacity against phosphatidylcholine liposome peroxidation, induced with iron and ascorbic acid, scavenge DPPH and superoxide radicals and act as reductants. The cytotoxic activity of HPM was also determined by using MTT cell viability assay on HeLa and NRK-52E cell lines. HPM demonstrated no cytotoxicity against HeLa and NRK-52E cell lines with IC50 values of 1.89 mg/ml and 1.05 mg/ml, respectively. The different crude extracts of H. pamphylicum were analyzed using a microdilution assay for antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms. The most active extract was HPM which showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus. It is observed that nearly all extracts showed activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella thypi, Shigella flexneri, Proteus mirabilis and Candida albicans.

WOS: 000433652100006, Colchicum species, which have been widely used as a medication for years, still remain important in treatment of Familial Mediterranean Fever, gout and Behcet's Disease. In the present work, alkaloids, phenolic compounds and cytotoxic activities from different parts of two Colchicum species, namely C. chalcedonicum and C. micranthum were investigated for the first time. From different parts of two species, alkaloids were isolated and colchicine concentrations were also determined by HPLC. The methanol extracts were investigated for their cytotoxic activity against the A549 cell line using the MTT and LDH methods. Additionally, the phenolic compounds of each extract were investigated by LC MS/MS. Six alkaloids, namely colchicine, colchifoline, 2-demethylcolchicine, demecolcine, 4-hydroxycolchicine and N-deacetyl-N-formylcolchicine were isolated from different parts of two species. The autumn corm of C. micranthum possessed the highest amount of colchicine among all extracts. All extracts showed high cytotoxicity, while the highest toxicity was determined in the seed extract. According to the LC MS/MS analysis, 19 phenolic compounds were shown to be present. This is the first study which highlights that the seeds of C. chalcedonicum and autumn corms of C. micranthum could be valuable for the pharmaceutical industry to obtain colchicine and other tropolone alkaloids., Research Support Unit of Istanbul University [45655], We are grateful to Dr. Sim Yuzbasioglu, (Istanbul University) for helping to identify the plants and also we would like to thank Dr. Takahiro Matsumoto (Kyoto Pharmaceutical University) for his aid in usage of preparative HPLC. This study was supported by The Research Support Unit of Istanbul University as project no 45655.

The genus Valeriana (Valerianaceae) is represented by more than 350 species worldwide. In Turkey, it comprises about 17 species, of which 4 are endemic. The studies on these species are limited in consequence of a small number of the species in Turkey. It is aimed to evaluate them chemically and medicinally and determine the possibility of new studies.Keywords: Valeriana, Turkey, medicinal evaluation

Giriş: Bitkisel ilaçlar doğrudan cilde uygulanarak farklı amaçlarla kullanılamaktadır. Olgu Sunumu: 57 yaşında bayan hasta sol dizine kızarıklık ve şişlik nedeniyle başvurdu. Muayenesinde eritamatöz ve büllöz lezyonlar görüldü. Hikayesinde ‘Ranunculus Scleratus’ isimli bitkiyi 12 saat dizine kapalı olarak temas ettiği öğrenildi. Tanısı; Fitokontakt Dermatit olarak düşünülen hastaya ıslak pansuman önerildi. 1ay sonra hiperemi dışında bir klinik bulgu kalmadı. Bitkilerle tedavi toplumuzda sık olarak kullanılmakta olup yanlış kullanım zararlı etkilere yol açmaktadır. Sonuç: Bitkilerle tedavi toplumumuzda sık olarak kullanılmakta olup yanlış kullanım zararlı etkilere yol açmaktadır., Introduction: Herbal medicines are used for different purposes by applying them directly to the skin.Case Report: A 57-year-old female patient presented with erythema and swelling of the left knee. On examination, erythematous and bullous lesions were observed. In the story of ‘Ranunculus Scleratus’ plants 12 hours knee closed contact of the learned. Diagnosis; Fitokontakt thought of as Dermatitis patients to wet dressing is recommended. 1 month after hyperemia outside of a clinical finding out. Conclusion: Treatment with plants in our community are used as often as incorrect use can lead to harmful effects

Pedicularis L. cinsi Turkiye’de 2 tanesi endemik olmak uzere 11 tur ile temsil edilmektedir. Ulkemizde sormuk, sorma, sormuk otu isimleri ile bilinmektedir. Halk arasinda kullanimi pek bilinmemek ile birlikte Dogu Anadolu’da ciceklerindeki balozu nedeni ile gida olarak kullanimi kayitlidir. Bugune kadar Pedicularis condensata Bieb. turu uzerinde yapilan calismalar incelendiginde, sac boyasi arastirma calismalari sirasinda alinan patentlerde yer aldigi gorulmektedir. Ayrica Pedicularis (Kesgerotu) turleri uzerinde cesitli izolasyon ve aktivite calismalari literaturde mevcuttur. Bu turlerin iridoit ve feniletanoit bilesikleri tasidiklari gorulmektedir. Iridoitler antioksidan, antimikrobiyal, antienflamatuvar, immunomodulator vb. etki gosterirken feniletanoit glikozitleri ise hepatoprotektif, antioksidan, antienflamatuvar, antibakteriyal, antiviral, vb. etkilere sahiptir. Pedicularis condensata bitkisinin izolasyon calismalari goz onune alindiginda bu etkilerden bazilarini gostermesi mumkundur. Daha once bu tur uzerinde anatomi ve aktivite calismasi yapilmamistir. Bu calisma ile turun anatomik ozellikleri ve farkli yontemler ile farkli cozuculer kullanilarak elde edilmis ekstrelerinin aktivite testlerinin sonuclari sunulmustur. Trabzon’dan toplanan bitkinin toprak ustu kisimlarindan maserasyon ve Soxhlet cihazinda surekli ekstraksiyon ile elde edilen cesitli ekstrelerin (hekzan, diklorometan, metanol ekstreleri; metanol maserati) sahip oldugu antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri arastirilmistir.

We aimed to investigate the vascular effects of methanol extract (ME) and aqueous extract (AE) of Alchemilla vulgaris (Rosaceaea). Increasing concentrations of the ME (0.01–10 mg/mL) produced relaxations in noradrenaline (NA: 10− 6 M) and K+ (40 mM) precontracted aortas while contractions were obtained with the AE (0.01–10 mg/mL). Responses to the ME were inhibited in the presence of putative inhibitors of endothelial vasodilators or after removal of the endothelium. Pretreatment of aortic rings with the ME (10 mg/mL, 20 min) reduced the maximal contractions to NA and K+, whereas an enhanced contractility was observed with the AE (10 mg/mL, 20 min). Total flavonoid content was higher in the ME than in the AE. Quercetin was determined particularly high in the ME while gallic acid was high in the AE. Our results indicated that the ME of A. vulgaris displays favourable vascular effects via endothelium-dependent mechanisms.

The extracts obtained from aerial parts of four annual Papaver (Papaveraceae) species from sections Argemonidium (P. argemone L. subsp. davisii Kadereit) and Rhoeadium (P. clavatum Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss., P. dubium L. subsp. lecoqii var. lecoqii (Lamotte) Syme Kadereit and P. rhoeas L.) have been investigated for antimicrobial activity using a microbroth dilution technique. The antimicrobial activity of these species is reported for the first time. The petroleum ether and diethyl ether extracts of P. dubium subsp. lecoqii showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 9.76 and 19.52 μg/mL, respectively). The diethyl ether and chloroform extracts of P. argemone subsp. davisii and diethyl ether, chloroform and acetone extracts of P. rhoeas had activity against S. aureus with a MIC value of 39.06 μg/mL.

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of in vitro anticancer activity and cytotoxicity of 13 Papaver alkaloids (amurine, armepavine, berberine, isocorydine, isothebaine, macranthine, mecambrine, mecambridine, narkotine, orientalidine, oripavine, salutaridine and thebaine) against the human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) compared to the normal African green monkey kidney epithelial cell line (Vero) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Materials and Methods: The Vero and HeLa cell lines were treated with various concentrations (1-300 μg/mL) of alkaloids for 48 h. Values for cytotoxicity measured by MTT assay were expressed as the concentration that causes a 50% decrease in cell viability (IC50) (μg/mL). Results: Berberine and macranthine were the most active alkaloids. Salutaridine exhibited no cytotoxic activity against two types of cell lines. Dose-dependent studies presented IC50 of 12.08 μg/mL and IC50 of 71.14 μg/mL for berberine and IC50 of 24.16 μg/mL and IC50 of >300 μg/mL for macranthine on the HeLa cells and the Vero cells respectively. Conclusion: The degree of selectivity of the compounds can be expressed by its Selectivity Index (SI) value. High SI value (>2) of a compound gives a selective toxicity towards cancer cells (SI = IC50 for normal cells/IC50 for cancer cells). Two alkaloids showed significant SI values, which are 12.42 for macranthine and 5.89 for berberine. Hence, macranthine and berberine display potential to be further exploited in the discovery and development of new anticancer agents.

Here it is a short presentation about ottoman and Turkish pharmacy which finds its origin at the seldjoukid period on the 13th century, when the first Homes of Health are created: they were good examples for the future ottoman hospitals built in the middle of the 16th century by sultans and members of their families. Nearly the middle of the 19th century, we can observe that the turkish pharmacy is quite influenced by the french pharmacy until the years 1930.

It is necessary to highlight the considerable influence of the French science of pharmacy on the Ottoman pharmacy. The pharmacopeias published in Istanbul during the period of the Ottoman Empire were mostly written in French, in particular the Pharmacoée Militaire Ottomane (1844) by Dr. Charles Ambroise Bernard and the Dustur-ul Edviye (1874), a translation of the Pharmacopée Française (1866) by Prof. Huseyin Sabri. Today some Turkish pharmacists still consult references in French, particularly Dorvault's l'Officine and the Pharmacopée Française.

Some alchemists and chemists are known in Lorraine at the beginning of the 17th century. But «real » chemists appear only in the middle of the 18th century. In Nancy, the primary official chemists are the professors of the Royal Collège of medicine, then those of the Faculty of medicine in 1776 and after : Henry Michel du Tennetar and Pierre-François Nicolas. In Metz, the first successful attempt of a chemical course is obtained by the apothecary Jean-Baptiste Thyrion from 1765 to 1769. Michel is his successor in 1778. His teaching is immediately and widely successful. Around Michel, the members of the Royal Society of science and art and the practitioners of the military hospital are also very actice. After the Revolution, many years will be necessary to Nancy and Metz to obtain the creating of a new universitary chemical teaching., Il faut souligner l’influence non négligeable de la science pharmaceutique française sur la pharmacie ottomane. Les pharmacopées publiées à Istanbul à l’époque ottomane ont été rédigées pour la plupart en langue française, notamment la Pharmacopée militaire ottomane (1844) du Dr Charles Ambroise Bernard et le Dustur-ul Edviye (1874), traduction de la Pharmacopée Française (1866) par le professeur Huseyin Sabri. Aujourd’hui encore les pharmaciens en Turquie consultent les références françaises, notamment l’Officine de Dorvault et la Pharmacopée Française., Tekiner Halil, Mat Afife. Les pharmacopées turques de langue française. In: Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 96e année, N. 361, 2009. pp. 17-22.

The genus Hypericum (Hypericaceae) is represented by nearly 100 taxa grouped under 19 sections in Turkey. Among them, 45 species are endemic. All members of the genus may be referred to as St. John's wort in the world. The genus is known as “sari kantaron, kantaron, binbirdelik otu, mayasil otu” and most of them, especially H. perforatum, have been used for the treatment of burns, wounds, haemorroids, diarrhorea and ulcers in Turkish traditional medicine. The pharmacological studies showed that this species has several activities: anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-nociceptive and wound healing. The chemical composition of the Hypericum species is composed of naphthodianthrones (especially hypericin and pseudohypericin), acylphloroglucinol derivatives (especially hyperforin and adhyperforin), flavonoids (especially quercetin, quercitrin, hyperoside and biapigenin), tannins and volatile oils. Investigations on the chemical composition and biological activities, as well as hypericin content of Turkish Hypericum species, have been carried out for about 25 years. The aim of this study was to review and summarise important studies about Turkish Hypericumspecies. Endemic species are indicated with (e) in the text. Key words: Hypericum species, Turkey, endemic, chemical composition, biological activity, agricultural study, traditional use.

One of the food intoxications encountered in Turkey is the case caused by toxic honey made by bees from Rhododendron species. R. luteum and R. ponticum are the two species which grow in the north regions of Turkey. Grayanotoxins, mainly Grayanotoxin I (Andromedotoxin) occurring only in Ericaceae plants, are the compounds responsible for poisoning. In this investigation, the diagnosis and treatment of 11 cases of poisoning admitted to Kartal Occupational Diseases Hospital between 1983 and 1988 are presented. The results of the light microscopic and chemical analysis of toxic honey samples are compared with those of the ordinary honey samples and the extract of Rhododendron leaves.

Verbascum L. species are used for different medicinal purposes in Turkish folk medicine such as diuretic, expectorant, laxative, mucolytic, sedative, sudorific, and wound healer. Five Verbascum species, two of which are used in medicine, were investigated for their antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Determination of the total phenolic compounds, DPPH and ABTS methods were preferred for the antioxidant tests. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the extracts, which were not studied previously, were investigated against pathogenic and potential pathogenic agents. The cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT and LDH tests. This study is very important for finding new therapeutic sources and also new, natural sources for food preservation.