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Objective: To investigate the activity of ursolic acid (UA) as antimalarial on various types and classes of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) receptors using molecular docking and pharmacophore modeling methods. Methods: The molecular docking was performed on various classes of the Pf receptors, namely Plasmepsin II (Hydroxylase), Enoyl-Acyl Carrier-protein (Oxidoreductase), Triose-Phosphate (Isomerase), and Lactate Dehydrogenase (Oxidoreductase) using Autodock 4.0.1 software. Results: Three out of four tests (Ursolic Acid on Plasmepsin II, Enoyl-Acyl Carrier, and Lactate Dehydrogenase receptors) indicated a possible effect shown by the lowest free energy binding values obtained, namely-7.76 kcal/mol,-12.15 kcal/mol, and-9.39 kcal/mol, respectively. On Plasmepsin II, Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein, Triose-Phosphate Isomerase, and Lactate Dehydrogenase receptors, the UA had lower values of the inhibition constant (2.05 M, 1.25 nm, 1.25 mmol, and 130.79 nM, respectively). The UA also shared similarities with the native ligand according to the critical parameters of amino acid residue interaction (GLY216, SER218, LEU131, TYR77, and VAL78 for 1LF3 receptor; ALA217, LYS285, and TYR267 for 1NWH receptor; ASN233 and ALA234, for 1O5X receptor; and PRO246, ILE31, MET30, and PRO 250 for 1U4O receptor). As for the results of pharmacophore modeling, it was found that the functional groups of hydroxyl and carboxylic acid were the most crucial groups to bond with the key amino acid residues of the receptors. Conclusion: The UA significantly has potential antimalarial activity against several Pf receptors in a competitive manner.

Introduction: Hypercholesterolemia occurs when cholesterol levels in the blood increases. Traditionally, krokot (purslane, portulaca oleracea) is used to treat cardiovascular disease. Aim: This research evaluated the effect of purslane extract to inhibit increasing of cholesterol levels. Methods: The ethanol extract dosage of purslane was 27.5, 55, and 110 mg/kg body weight (bw) and simvastatin 1.8 mg/kg bw were used as comparisons. The anti-hyper cholesterol effect test was done by feeding a high cholesterol diet and drinks containing 0.01% propylthiouracil. The test parameters were body weight and total cholesterol levels on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Results: The results showed that the extract was able to prevent the increase in body weight compared to the control group (p0.05).

Latar belakang : daun sirih merah ( Piper crocatum ) mengandung senyawa kimia yang bermanfaat seperti alkaloid, saponin, tanin, dan flavonoid yang memiliki sifat antibakteri dan antiinflamasi. Penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa daun sirih merah memiliki efek bakterisid lebih baik dibandingkan dengan sirih hijau. Ekstrak daun sirih merah telah terbukti menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri penyebab penyakit periodontal pada penelitian sebelumnya. Setiap bahan atau zat kimia yang terkandung dalam obat maupun makanan harus menjalani uji toksisitas sebelum diperbolehkan penggunaanya secara luas. Tujuan : penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek toksisitas akut ekstrak daun sirih merah sebagai bahan terapi poket periodontal. Metode : pengujian toksisitas akut ekstrak daun sirih merah dilakukan terhadap hewan uji mencit galur Swiss webster yang dikelompokkan menjadi 6 kelompok yang terdiri dari 4 ekor jantan dan 4 ekor betina. Dosis yang diberikan pada hewan uji merupakan dosis tunggal secara peroral sebesar 2 kali dosis maksimal yaitu 10000, 5000, 2500, 1250, 625 mg/kgbb dan kelompok kontrol tanpa dosis. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menimbang berat badan selama 14 hari dan dibedah pada hari ke 15 untuk menghitung indeks organ relatif. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan uji One Way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Post-Hoc Tukey . Hasil : berdasarkan analisis menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun sirih merah ( Piper crocatum ) dengan dosis 10000, 5000, 2500, 1250, dan 625 mg/kgbb yang diberikan secara akut tidak menimbulkan perubahan berat badan dan indeks organ relatif yang signifikan pada hewan mencit galur Swiss webster . Kesimpulan: hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun sirih merah ( Piper crocatum ) tidak bersifat toksik.

Diabetes melitus merupakan kelainan metabolik yang disebabkan oleh kenaikan kadar gula darah. Luka pada penderita diabetes dapat menjadi ulkus yang melibatkan radikal bebas. Madu rambutan mengandung tinggi antioksidan yang berfungsi sebagai penyembuhan luka. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh madu rambutan terhadap luas luka dan kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) mukosa mulut tikus Wistar diabetes melitus. Metode penelitian adalah eksperimental laboratoris. Sampel penelitian menggunakan 36 ekor tikus jantan galur Wistar. Semua tikus diinduksi aloksan untuk mendapatkan keadaan diabetes, kecuali kelompok kontrol negatif. Semua tikus diberi perlukaan dengan menggunakan punch biopsy berdiameter 4 mm pada palatum dalam kelompok kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, dan kelompok madu rambutan. Terminasi dilakukan pada hari ke-0, ke3, ke-7, dan ke-14 sebanyak 3 ekor tikus pada setiap kelompok serta dilakukan pengukuran luas luka dan pembacaan MDA jaringan. Uji analisis statistik menggunakan uji One Way ANOVA dan uji Kruskall Wallis (p 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan madu rambutan dapat menurunkan luas luka pada hari ketujuh dan keempat belas serta menurunkan kadar radikal bebas MDA luka diabetes melitus. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian madu rambutan dengan kandungan antioksidan dapat menurunkan luas luka dan kadar radikal bebas malondialdehid plasma darah tikus diabetes sehingga berpotensi untuk obat penyembuh luka rongga mulut manusia dengan diabetes melitus.

Saliva dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam penegakan diagnosis, prognosis, dan rencana perawatan. Variasi konsentrasi saliva dapat digunakan sebagai biomarker stres oksidatif. Radikal bebas adalah suatu senyawa atau molekul dengan elektron tunggal atau tidak berpasangan. Ketidakseimbangan kadar radikal bebas dan antioksidan sel akan menyebabkan stres oksidatif, untuk meredam radikal bebas dibutuhkan antioksidan. Stres oksidatif dapat dilihat dengan mengukur perubahan kadar MDA (Malondialdehyde). Gel madu rambutan merupakan bahan alami yang sudah banyak digunakan, karena memiliki banyak manfaat dan kandungan. Flavonoid merupakan salah satu kandungan madu rambutan, fungsi flavonoid sebagai antioksidan peredam radikal bebas MDAs. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat efek aplikasi gel madu rambutan terhadap kadar malondialdehyde (MDA) saliva. Metode penelitian ini merupakan quasi eksperimental pre-post design dengan jumlah responden 30 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan consecutive sampling. Responden diminta mengumpulkan saliva sebelum dan setelah pengaplikasian gel madu rambutan pada mukosa mulut bagian labial inferior. MDA saliva diukur dengan menggunakan TBARs metode spektrofotometri. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon (p0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat efek pengaplikasian gel madu rambutan terhadap kadar malondialdehyde (MDA) saliva. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa gel madu rambutan mengandung antioksidan yang dapat menurunkan kadar MDA.

One of the ways to increase profit in small and medium business (UKM) in Cimahi is by diversifying its products, through manufacturing of bar soap derived from cow's milk from UKM. The requirement of bath soap is proper acidity (pH) level, otherwise it will make the skin dry, itchy or even increase irritation. Therefore, this in vivo non-clinical irritation evaluation is conducted to evaluate the effects of bar soap produced by UKM in Cimahi according to the guidelines in rat test animals. The animals is divided into five groups and exposed to soap for four hours. Five soap samples is obtained from UKM in Cipageran area, Cimahi. Observations is made at the hours of 1, 4, 24, 48, and 72 hours after exposure and is continued for 14 days. The measured parameters is erythema and edema, and the primary irritation index. The results showed that bar soap containing cow milk produced by UKM in Cimahi did not cause erythema and edema. Primary irritation index of all bath soap samples was 0.0 . It can be concluded that soap bars containing cow's milk produced by Cimahi City UKM including into the category of very mild irritation (negligigle).

Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that occurs in the skin. An example of a drug that can induce psoriasis is imiquimod. This study aims to determine the effect of water extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis L. Vahl. leaves on haematological profile, spleen organ index and spleen histology in male Balb/c mice induced imiquimod. The extract was made by boiling water. The animals divided into 6 groups: normal, control, methotrexate 0.2 mg/kg BW, the extract at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg BW. Measurement of the haematological profile was carried out in the end of the srudy and the parameters were white blood cells, lymphocytes, mid-sized cells (MID), granulocytes, red blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit and platelets. The results showed that the extract at all doses can increase white blood cells including lymphocytes, MID, granulocytes, red blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit and platelets compared to control group (p

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is also can be used as medicine such as to help treat hypertension. This study aims to prove the effect of purslane ethanol extract as vasodilator agent on animal model Bufo melanostictus using kymograph. Purslane herb extract was prepared using 50% ethanol as solvent. The concentrations of the extracts were 61.4, 123.2 and 246.4 g/mL, with diltiazem 1 mg/mL used as a comparison. The parameters measured were heart rate and heart contraction. Based on observations, it was known that the administration of the extract at all doses decreased heart rate and heart contractions in animal models when compared to the control group induced by epinephrine (p

Rheumatoid artritis (RA) merupakan gangguan otoimun yang ditandai peradangan kronis pada sendi. Peradangan kronis dapat menyebakan gangguan fungsi hati. Herba ciplukan telah diteliti mempunyai efek antiinflamasi, hepatoprotektor, dan imunosupresan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek penambahan ekstrak etanol herba ciplukan sebagai suplemen terapi pada fungsi hati hewan model RA. Pemodelan hewan RA dilakukan dengan induksi 0,1 mL Complete Freund Adjuvant (CFA) intraplantar. Dosis ekstrak ciplukan adalah 50 mg/kg bb peroral. Ekstrak ciplukan diberikan selama 10 hari sebagai suplemen terapi metotreksat 0,1125 mg/ kg bb. Parameter fungsi hati yang diamati adalah kadar aminotransferase (AST dan ALT), alanin fosfatase (ALP), indeks organ, dan histologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok kontrol mengalami peningkatan kadar ASTdan ALPsertapenurunankadar ALTdanindeksorganhatidibandingkankelompoknormal. Pemberianekstrak ciplukan sebagai suplemen terapi metotreksat dapat menurunkan kadar AST dan ALP serta dapat meningkatkan kadar ALT dan nilai indeks organ jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol, meskipun belum bisa mencapai nilai normal. Hasil histologi menunjukkan adanya perbaikan organ hati pada hewan yang diberi ekstrak ciplukan sebagai suplemen terapi metotreksat. Disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol ciplukan 50 mg/kg bb yang digunakan sebagai suplemen terapi metotreksat dapat membantu memperbaiki fungsi hati pada hewan model RA.

Objective Palatal excisional wound healing in 60 Sprague–Dawley rats was studied for a period of 14 days. Materials and Methods The wounds were made with a punch biopsy instrument with a diameter of 4 mm. After wounding, the test groups received a topical gel of Moringa oleifera Lamarck 2% or 4% leaf extract, whereas control groups received povidone iodine gel and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC 4%). Three rats were killed at 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after wounding from each allocated group. The wounds were assessed at different control times and light microscopy was employed to view serial sections from blocks with magnification. Results Histological examination revealed that group treated with M. oleifera Lamarck 4% leaf extract showed the highest fibroblast synthesis and collagen deposition. Conclusion This study suggests that M. oleifera Lamarck leaf extract could be developed as a therapeutic agent for wound healing.

This material presented in ACHOST 2020

The declining ability of tissues to repair or replace themselves and maintain their structure and normal function is called aging. Aging is caused by free radical that can induce the activation of elastase and collagenase. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) or known as Babadotan is a medicinal plant that has been reported to be a good source of antioxidants that also inhibit aging process. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the antioxidant and antiaging properties of Babadotan Ethanolic Extract (BEE). Franswoth method was used to determine the phytochemical assay of BEE. Measurement of 2,2-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenger was used for antioxidant assay, and inhibitory of elastase and collagenase activities was used for antiaging assay. The analysis of phytochemical compounds exhibited the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, polyphenols, steroids and triterpenoids, monoterpenoids and terpenoids, and the absence of saponin. BEE has lower activity on DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 80.7 µg/mL) than quercetin (IC50 = 3.25 µg/mL). BEE exhibited lower elastase and collagenase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 45.35 ± 2.2 µg/mL and 55.07 ± 1.1 µg/mL, respectively) compared to quercetin (IC50 = 11.64 ± 0.67 µg/mL and 19.91 ± 0.46 µg/mL). Overall, BEE possesses antioxidant and antiaging activities, although the activities are lower than quercetin.

Skin is one of the outermost body defenses which is often exposed to foreign objects. Cleaning the dirt on the skin is done using soap. Cow's milk contains protein and fat which is effective to moisturize and nourish the skin. This study aims to make liquid soap preparations from cow's milk that serves to increase moisture on the skin. The study began with the collection of cow's milks from small and medium businesses in the city of Cimahi and organoleptic characteristics testing. Then a series of liquid soap formulas were made containing 0, 5, 10 and 20% cow's milk. Liquid soap preparations obtained were evaluated including physical evaluation (organoleptic, pH, viscosity, and stability tests) and testing of respondents (testing the emollient power with a skin analyzer, preference test, and cleaning effectiveness). The data obtained were analyzed statistically using paired t-test. Physical evaluation results showed that the search for soap formula containing cow's milk was stable for 28 days storage. The test results of the respondents showed that the most preferred preparation is liquid soap containing 15% cow's milk with reasons for being comfortable, soft and not sticky to the skin. The results of the cleaning effectiveness test also showed liquid soap containing 15% cow's milk can clean the dirt and make up.Keywords: Cow milk, liquid soap, emollient

Penyakit infeksi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan terbesar tidak saja di Indonesia, namun di seluruh dunia. Bakteri merupakan agen penting dalam menyebabkan penyakit infeksi. Seringkali masyarakat Indonesia menggunakan antibiotik bersamaan dengan penggunaan obat herbal. Cecendet (Physalis angulata L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman tradisional yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan banyak digunakan oleh masyakat Indonesia secara turun menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri herba cecendet dan pengaruhnya jika digunakan kombinasi dengan antibiotik. Pembuatan ekstrak herba cecendet dilakukan menggunakan metode refluks dengan pelarut etanol 50%. Terhadap simplisia dan ekstrak yang diperoleh, dilakukan pemeriksaan karakteristik dan penapisan fitokimia. Penentuan aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak herba cecendet dilakukan dengan metode uji mikrodilusi dengan menilai konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM). Penentuan efektivitas kombinasi ekstrak herba cecendet dengan antibiotik (ampisilin/tetrasiklin) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Klebsiella pneumoniae dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode papan catur (Checkerboard). Hasil penapisan fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa simplisia dan ekstrak etanol herba cecendet mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, polifenol, monoterpenoid, seskuiterpen, steroid dan triterpenoid. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol herba cecendet mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S.aureus dan K.pneumoniae dengan konsentrasi hambat minimum berturut-turut adalah 128 µg/mL, 256 µg/mL. Interaksi yang sinergis terhadap S.aureus ditunjukkan oleh kombinasi ekstrak herba cecendet dengan tetrasiklin. Interaksi yang aditif/indifferent terhadap S.aureus ditunjukkan oleh kombinasi ekstrak herba cecendet dengan ampisilin, dan terhadap K.pneumoniae ditunjukkan oleh kombinasi ekstrak herba cecendet dengan ampisilin atau tetrasiklin. Ekstrak etanol herba cecendet memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan dan kombinasi dengan antibiotik (ampisilin/tetrasiklin) dapat memberikan efek sinergis atau aditif bakteri S.aureus dan K.pneumoniae. Kata kunci: Cecendet, Physalis angulata L., konsentasi hambat minimum, antibakteri, kombinasi antibiotik The effect of a combination of ethanol extract of Physalis angulata L. with antibiotic against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonie Abstract Infectious disease is one of the biggest health problems not only in Indonesia, but worldwide. Bacteria are important agents in causing infectious diseases. Indonesian people often use antibiotics along with herbal medicines. Cecendet (Physalis angulata L.) is one of the traditional plants that have antibacterial activity and widely used by the Indonesian community. This study aims to test the antibacterial activity of cecendet herbs and their effects when used in combination with various antibiotics. The preparation of P.angulata extract was carried out using reflux method with ethanol 50%. The characteristic examination and phytochemical screening are examined on simplicia and the extract. Determination of antibacterial activity from P.angulata extract was done by microdilution test method by assessing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Determination of the effectiveness of combination of antibiotics with herbal cecendet against test microbes Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae was done by using checkerboard method. The results of phytochemical screening showed that simplicia and P.angulata extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, steroids and triterpenoids. The result of antibacterial activity test showed that P.angulata extract had antibacterial activity against S.aureus and K.pneumoniae with the MIC was 128 μg/mL, 256 μg/mL. The synergistic interaction of S.aureus is demonstrated by the combination of P.angulata herb extract with tetracycline. The additive/indifferent interaction of S.aureus is demonstrated by the combination of P.angulata extracts with ampicillin, and against K.pneumoniae shown by the combination of P.angulata extract of cecendet with ampicillin or tetracycline. Ethanol extract of P.angulata has antibacterial activity and and combination with antibiotics (ampicillin/tetracyclin) can give synergistic effect or additive of S.aureus and K.pneumoniae bacteria. Keywords: Cecendet, Physalis angulata L., MIC, antibiotic combination

There is a tendency back to nature treatment in Indonesian community because modern/synthetic medicines is expensive and have a various alarming side effects. That is why natural products medicine becomes more popular, aside from mass media promotions. Researches on natural products such as herbal medicine increases along with the desire to get phytofarmaca that can compete with modern medicines. The aims of this literature review are to discuss and provides information on pharmaceutical standardization of natural products toward phytopharmaca for developing Indonesian traditional medicine. Pharmaceutical standardization will strengthen the basic of pharmaceutical science in producing safe, efficacy, and qualify traditional medicine products. The pharmaceutical standardization consists of standardizing simplicial quality, safety, efficacy, and stable formulation of medicines for use in health services.

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that has a high prevalence. Blumea balsamifera (Asteraceae) is one of the plants that has traditionally been used to treat high blood pressure. The aim of this study is to evaluate antihypertensive effect of ethanol extract of Blumea balsamifera leaves on animal models induced epinephrine. The extract was made in 50% ethanol. Extraction was done using a set of Soxhlet tools. The antihypertensive effect test was carried out on male Wistar rats using epinephrine 0.25 mg/kg bwas inductor and blood pressure was measured indirectly through the tail using Kent Scientific's CODA system. The dose of extract was 8.75; 17.5 and 35 mg/kg bw, while propranolol at dose dose 1.8 mg/kg bw was used as comparator. The parameters were diastolic and systolic blood pressure. The results showed that the ethanol extract at doses of 8.75; 17.5 and 35mg/kg bw can prevent the increase in diastolic and systolic blood pressure in animals model induced epinephrine when compared to controls (p 0.05). It can be concluded that Blumea balsamifera leaves can be developed and have the potential to be antihypertensive.

Traditionally, purslane (Portulaca oleracea) is used as an antioxidant, anti-diarrhea, hemorrhoid medication, anti-hypertension, and blood circulation. This study aims to examine the antihypertensive effect of the ethanol extract of purslane in an animal model of hypertension with epinephrine induction. The ethanol extract of purslane was made in 50% ethanol solvent. The antihypertensive effect was tested by induction of epinephrine 0.25 mg/kg bw and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured non-invasively using the Kent Coda Scientific System. The dose of purslane ethanol extract were 27.5; 55, and 110 mg/kg bw, and Psropanolol 1.8 mg/kg bw was used as comparisons. The results showed that the ethanol extract of purslane at dose of 27.5; 55 and 110 mg/kg BW were able to suppress the increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure when compared to controls (p < 0.05). The antihypertensive effect of ethanol extract of purslane at a dose of 110 mg/kg bw gave the best results and was equivalent to propanolol (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of purslane had potential effect as an antihypertensive.

Immunomodulators can alter immune system and work specifically and non-specific. TraditionallyStachytarpetha jamaicensisherbs is used to modulate immune system. This study aims to determine the humoral and cellular immune system activity of water extract ofS. jamaicensisherb through hemagglutination antibody titer test and delayed type hypersensitivity tests in mice. The extract was made by boiling in distilled water. The doses of the extract were 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw and zymosan 10 mg/kg bw ip were used as a comparison. The parameter measured in the hemagglutination antibody titer test was the hemagglutination antibody titer value and lymphocyte count, while the parameters in the delayed type hypersensitivity test are the thickness of the hind footpad, percent inhibition of delayed type hypersensitivity response and and lymphocyte count. Test results showed extracts at dose of 50 mg/kg bw gave hemagglutination antibody titer value lower than control group, but the extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg bw produced antibody titer values higher than control group (p < 0.05). The extracts at all doses could inhibit the increasing of hind footpad thickness compared to control group (p < 0.05). The result also showed that there was increasing lymphocyte count compared to control group. It can be concluded that water extracts can affect humoral and cellular immune systems.

Cerme (Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang oleh sebagian masyarakat Indonesia digunakan untuk mengobati tekanan darah tinggi, diabetes mellitus, dan kadar kolesterol tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antikolesterol ekstrak etanol daun cerme pada tikus Wistar betina, dan menguji salah satu mekanisme kerjanya melalui uji efek penghambatan penyerapan kolesterol di saluran cerna. Ekstrak etanol dibuat dengan menggunakan seperangkat alat Soxhlet. Induksi kolesterol pada hewan uji dilakukan dengan pemberian kolesterol murni 400 mg/kg bb per oral dan 0,01% propiltiourasil dalam air minum ad libitum. Ekstrak etanol daun cerme diberikan pada dosis 22,5 dan 45 mg/kg bb, dan sebagai pembanding digunakan ezetimibe 0,9 mg/kg bb. Parameter yang diukur adalah bobot badan, kadar kolesterol dalam serum dan kadar kolesterol dalam feses. Hasil pengujian dianalisis statistik menggunakan Uji-t. Hasil uji persen relatif kadar kolesterol dalam serum menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun cerme dosis 22,5 da n 45 mg/kg bb mampu menghambat pembentukkan kolesterol jika dibandingkan terhadap kontrol pada hari ke-14, dimana efek penghambatan pembentukkan kolesterol terbaik ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak etanol dosis 45 mg/kg bb. Hasil uji persen relatif kadar kolesterol dalam feses menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun cerme dosis 22,5 dan 45 mg/kg bb memiliki efek penghambatan penyerapan kolesterol jika dibandingkan terhadap kontrol mulai hari ke 3 sampai hari ke 14. Hasil pengujian bobot badan hewan yang diberi sediaan uji ekstrak etanol cerme dan pembanding ezetimibe tidak menunjukkan peningkatan mulai hari ke 3 sampai hari ke 14. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa efek antikolesterol dari ekstrak etanol daun cerme berkaitan dengan kemampuannya menghambat penyerapan kolesterol di saluran cerna.

Objective: This research was to know the activity of Ethanol extract of Sonchus arvensis (Linn.) leaves in inhibiting the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity. ACE is an enzyme that functions to convert the Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II. The Angiotensin II has a role in the process of hypertension, it has a strong vasoconstriction effect inducting the hypertension. Methods: The ethanol extract of Sonchus arvensis (Linn.) was made through the maceration method with ethanol 96% as solvent. The inhibition extract activity of ACE activity was evaluated using N-hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine (HHL) as a substrate and will be cleaved by ACE. The inhibitory activity of ethanol extract of Sonchus arvensis (Linn.) leaves towards ACE was calculated based on the number of hypural acid was created and calculated based on the absorbance value at 228 nm wavelength measured using spectrophotometer UV. The results: The ethanol extract of Sonchus arvensis (Linn.) has inhibition activity ACE at IC50 46.71 μg/ml and IC50 from captopril as a reference drug in 1,26 μg/ml. Therefore, it can be said that the inhibitory activity of Ethanol extract was lower that captopril. Conclusion: Sonchus arvensis (Linn.) is potentially used as the ACE inhibitor and is potential to be developed as antihypertension.

Madu rambutan merupakan cairan kental alami yang dihasilkan oleh lebah dari sari bunga tanaman rambutan. Madu rambutan memiliki sifat sebagai antioksidan, antiinflamasi, antibakteri, dan memiliki komposisi kadar kalsium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh madu rambutan yang diberikan secara topikal terhadap proses penyembuhan luka jaringan lunak dan jaringan keras dilihat dari panjang mesial-distal luka dan kadar alkaline phosphatase. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan penelitian eksperimental. Obyek penelitian yaitu 30 ekor kelinci yang dibagi tiga kelompok dan dilakukan pencabutan gigi insisif kiri rahang bawah, kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok kontrol positif yang diberikan povidone iodine, dan kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan madu rambutan. Pengukuran panjang mesial-distal luka menggunakan jangka kaliper dan kadar alkaline phosphatase menggunakan spektrofotometer dengan panjang gelombang 405 nm. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistik Saphiro Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis dilanjutkan dengan Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian dari ketiga kelompok menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan panjang mesial-distal luka pada hari ke-7 dengan nilai p 0,000 dan ke-14 dengan nilai p 0,033, dan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dari uji statistik terhadap enzim alkaline phosphatase. Madu rambutan mengandung enzim katalase, glukosa cukup tinggi, pH rendah, dan hidrogen peroksida sebagai antibakteri sehingga madu rambutan yang diberikan secara topikal dapat membantu penyembuhan luka setelah pencabutan gigi dilihat dari panjang mesial-distal luka, namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap enzim alkaline phosphatase karena sampel yang digunakan merupakan sirkulasi darah sistemik.

Phyllanthus acidus is a herbal plant used for its antidiabetic or diuretic properties. The present study was aimed to determine the safe usage of P. acidus leaves ethanol extract through subchronic toxicity assay. Subchronic toxicity assay was performed on Wistar rats by administering the doses of extract (22.5, 90 and 1000 mg/kg bw) for 90 days. The results showed that the extract could reduce the body weight as compared with the control group. Almost all the haematological parameters after treatment with the extract were found similar to control group (p>0.05). The extract did not affect alanine aminotransferase, glucose, blood urea nitrogen level; but increased the aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine and urine volume (p 0.05), but the liver was enlarged and the kidneys were shrunken (p

Herba pecut kuda (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl) secara tradisional dapat digunakan untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit, seperti infeksi dan batu saluran kencing, diuretik, rheumatik, sakit tenggorokan (faringitis), pembersih darah, datang haid tidak teratur, keputihan, hepatitis A. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keamanan penggunaan herba pecut kuda pada hewan uji. Ekstrak air herba pecut kuda dibuat dengan metode perebusan dalam air suling selama 30 menit. Pengujian toksisitas akut dilakukan mengacu pada pedoman BPOM. Pengujian toksisitas akut dilakukan pada mencit Swiss Webster jantan dan betina dengan pemberian tunggal ekstrak air herba pecut kuda pada dosis 100, 500, 2.000, 5.000 dan 10.000 mg/kg bb. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 14 hari. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa selama 14 hari setelah pemberian tunggal ekstrak air herba pecut kuda, tidak ada kematian pada seluruh hewan uji. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa LD50 ekstrak air herba pecut kuda lebih besar dari 5.000 mg/kg bb. Kata kunci: pecut kuda, Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, toksisitas akut, ekstrak air, LD50 ABSTRACT Traditionally, Pecut kuda (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.)Vahl) is used to treat various diseases such diuretic and rheumatic. The research objective was to determine safety of water extract S. jamaicensis herbas in mice. Water extract of S. jamaicensis were made using boiled water for 30 minutes. Acute toxicity test was done according to BPOM. Acute toxicity test was performed on Swiss Webster mice with a single administration of the water extract at doses of 100, 500, 2.000, 5.000 and 10.000 mg/kg bw. Observations of animal were done for a total of 14 days. The results showed that during 14 days of observation after single oral administration of water extract of S. jamaicensis up to 10000 mg/kg bw showed no toxicity of all experimental animals. It can be conclude that LD50 of water extract of S. jamaicensis is greater than 5.000 mg/kg bw. Keywords: pecut kuda, Stachytarpheta jamaicensis, acute toxicity, water extract, LD50

Kencana ungu (Ruellia tuberosa L.) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang digunakan masyarakat untuk mengobati diabetes mellitus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek hipoglikemik ekstrak air daun kencana ungu dengan menggunakan metode toleransi glukosa pada tikus Wistar jantan. Ekstrak air daun kencana ungu dibuat dengan metode perebusan, pengeringan menggunakan freeze dry. Dosis ekstrak air daun kencana ungu yang digunakan adalah 30, 60 dan 90 mg/kg bb, dengan pembanding klorpropamid dosis 22,5 mg/kg bb. Parameter yang diukur adalah kadar glukosa darah pada menit ke-0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, dan 180. Hasil pemeriksaan karakteristik simplisia daun kencana ungu mengandung flavonoid, alkaloid, polifenonl, tanin, steroid, triterpenoid, kuinon, monoterpernoid, seskuiterpenoid; sedangkan ekstrak air daun kencana ungu mengandung flavonoid, alkaloid, polifenol, tanin, kuinon, monoterpernoid, seskuiterpenoid. Hasil uji toleransi glukosa menunjukkan bahwa dosis uji ekstrak air kencana ungu dosis 30, 60, dan 90 mg/kg bb dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah yang berbeda bermakna bila dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (p

Daun dan Bunga Kecubung gunung secara empiris telah digunakan sebagai anti asma atau bronkodilator. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan (Ita Nur Anisa,dkk) bahwa daun kecubung gunung memiliki efek bronkodilator pada dosis 25 mg/kg bb dan hasil uji toksisitas akut ekstrak air daun kecubung gunung menyebabkan 60% kematian pada hewan percobaan pada dosis 5000 mg/kg bb. Untuk memperoleh informasi lebih spesifik, maka dilakukan uji teratogenik untuk melihat abnormalitas fetus yang terjadi karena pemberian zat selama fase perkembangan embrio atau organogenesis, meliputi abnormalitas bagian tubuh luar, jaringan lunak serta kerangka fetus. Pengujian ini dilakukan secara in vivo pada hewan percobaan. Ekstrak air daun kecubung gunung (Brugmansia suaveolens Bercht & Presl.) diberikan pada tikus dewasa betina hamil pada dosis 23,77 mg/kg bb, 95,0 mg/kg bb dan 950,5 mg/kg bb selama fase organogenesis secara peroral pada hari ke-6 sampai hari ke-15 kehamilan, kemudian tikus dibedah pada hari ke-20 kehamilan. Pemberian dosis 950,5 mg/kg bb menyebabkan penurunan bobot rata-rata induk pada H-20 kehamilan dan menyebabkan penurunan jumlah fetus serta pemberian semua dosis uji menyebabkan penurunan bobot rata-rata fetus. Penurunan tersebut berbeda bermakna secara statistic antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok dosis uji pada (p