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185 results on '"Afford S"'

17. Viability testing and transplantation of marginal livers (VITTAL) using normothermic machine perfusion: Study protocol for an open-label, non-randomised, prospective, single-arm trial

Author

Laing, R. W., Mergental, H., Yap, C., Kirkham, A., Whilku, M., Barton, D., Curbishley, S., Boteon, Y. L., Neil, D. A., Hubscher, S. G., Thamara Perera, M. P. R., Muiesan, P., Isaac, J., Roberts, K. J., Cilliers, H., Afford, S. C., and Mirza, D. F.

Subjects
Viability Testing, Liver Transplantation, Marginal Livers, Normothermic Machine Perfusion, Single-Arm Trial
Published
2017

22. The effectiveness of a pharmacological intervention for defatting of primary human hepatocytes and its effect on other cell types of the liver: a precursor in-vitro study to the defatting of steatotic human livers using normothermic machine perfusion

Author

Boteon, Y., primary, Wallace, L., additional, Bhogal, R., additional, Boteon, A., additional, Laing, R., additional, Reynolds, G., additional, Mirza, D.F., additional, Mergental, H., additional, and Afford, S., additional

Published
2018
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23. A merged protocol of hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion and normothermic machine perfusion optimizes the reconditioning of marginal donor livers

Author

Boteon, Y., primary, Schlegel, A., additional, Laing, R., additional, Wallace, L., additional, Smith, A., additional, Attard, J., additional, Neil, D., additional, Perera, T., additional, Mirza, D.F., additional, Isaac, J., additional, Muiesan, P., additional, Afford, S., additional, and Mergental, H., additional

Published
2018
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28. Adhesion molecules and alcoholic liver disease

Author

Fisher N, Afford S, and David ADAMS

Subjects
Inflammation, Liver, Cell Movement, Leukocytes, Selectins, Humans, Endothelium, Vascular, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Liver Diseases, Alcoholic
Published
1996

32. Transplantation of Declined Liver Allografts Following Normothermic Ex‐SituEvaluation

Author

Mergental, H., Perera, M. T. P. R., Laing, R. W., Muiesan, P., Isaac, J. R., Smith, A., Stephenson, B. T. F., Cilliers, H., Neil, D. A. H., Hübscher, S. G., Afford, S. C., and Mirza, D. F.

Abstract

The demand for liver transplantation (LT) exceeds supply, with rising waiting list mortality. Utilization of high‐risk organs is low and a substantial number of procured livers are discarded. We report the first series of five transplants with rejected livers following viability assessment by normothermic machine perfusion of the liver (NMP‐L). The evaluation protocol consisted of perfusate lactate, bile production, vascular flows, and liver appearance. All livers were exposed to a variable period of static cold storage prior to commencing NMP‐L. Four organs were recovered from donors after circulatory death and rejected due to prolonged donor warm ischemic times; one liver from a brain‐death donor was declined for high liver function tests (LFTs). The median (range) total graft preservation time was 798 (range 724–951) min. The transplant procedure was uneventful in every recipient, with immediate function in all grafts. The median in‐hospital stay was 10 (range 6–14) days. At present, all recipients are well, with normalized LFTs at median follow‐up of 7 (range 6–19) months. Viability assessment of high‐risk grafts using NMP‐L provides specific information on liver function and can permit their transplantation while minimizing the recipient risk of primary graft nonfunction. This novel approach may increase organ availability for LT. This pilot study introduces a novel approach to increase availability of livers for transplantation using normothermic machine perfusion to test the function of declined organs, reporting feasibility of this approach in five patients receiving such livers that met predefined viability criteria. See the editorial from Barbas and Knechtle on page 3075.

Published
2016
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47. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases and collagenase inhibitory activity in lung secretions from patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis: effect of corticosteroid treatment.

Author

Burnett, D, Reynolds, J J, Ward, R V, Afford, S C, and Stockley, R A

Subjects
ENZYME inhibitors, OBSTRUCTIVE lung diseases, PROTEINS, SPUTUM, PREDNISOLONE
Abstract

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) and collagenase inhibitory activity were measured in the sputum from nine subjects with chronic bronchitis before and five days after treatment with corticosteroid (oral prednisolone, 40 mg daily). The mean sputum TIMP concentrations for eight of the nine subjects increased from 3.1 (SD 0.87) micrograms/ml to 5.8 (1.9) micrograms/ml (2p less than 0.005). Similarly, the mean collagenase inhibitory activity in the sputum of eight of the nine subjects increased from 1.53 (1.1) U/ml to 2.69 (0.92) U/ml (2p less than 0.05). The TIMP concentrations in sputum exceeded the collagenase inhibitory activity, suggesting that a proportion of the TIMP was inactive. TIMP inactivity was not due to prior complexing with enzyme since the molecular weight of sputum TIMP (27,500) was similar to that described for the purified protein (28,000-28,500). Preliminary studies showed the presence of TIMP in bronchoalveolar lavage samples (range of six specimens 0.45 ng/ml-2.1 micrograms/ml, median 53 ng/ml). Collagenase inhibitory activity was detected in only two of these six lavage samples, suggesting that the TIMP was totally inactive in the other four samples. The significance of the metalloproteinase-inhibitor balance in the pathogenesis of chronic lung disease requires further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1986

48. The immunological measurement of 'free' secretory piece and its relationship to local IgA production.

Author

Stockley, R. A., Burnett, D., and Afford, S. C.

Subjects
BRONCHITIS, SPUTUM, OBSTRUCTIVE lung diseases, IMMUNOGLOBULINS, INFECTION, BIOLOGY
Abstract

Free secretory piece (FSP) was studied in the sputum of patients with chronic bronchitis. The concentrations were higher both in the presence of infection and when greater quantities of total secretory piece were present compared to the amount of IIS IgA. A significant inverse correlation was found between the amount of FSP and II S IgA in the individual samples when standardized for their total secretory piece content (2P < 001). This suggests that the amount of FSP in any sample is partly dependent upon the amount of IIS IgA. The techniques employed offer a method for the study of the secretory IgA system in biological fluids. The preliminary results suggest that the secretory IgA system is independent of the systemic IgA system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1981

49. Inhibitory capacity of alpha 1 antitrypsin in lung secretions: variability and the effect of drugs.

Author

Morrison, H M, Afford, S C, and Stockley, R A

Abstract

The inhibitory function of alpha 1 antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) has been studied in the lung secretions of 31 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. The inhibitory capacity for a single sample showed a wide range (median 0.13 micrograms porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) inhibited per microgram alpha 1 antitrypsin; range 0-0.55 micrograms), and all but five of 86 samples studied were capable of inhibiting some porcine pancreatic elastase. No sample showed free elastase activity, however. The inhibitory capacity, studied in six patients over five consecutive days, varied daily within the same individual (coefficient of variation 9.0-108.9%). Corticosteroid treatment (40 mg prednisone daily) increased the inhibitory capacity of sputum alpha 1 antitrypsin in 10 patients (2p less than 0.05) from a median value of 0.13 micrograms PPE inhibited per microgram alpha 1AT (range 0.06-0.36) before treatment to 0.22 micrograms PPE inhibited per microgram alpha 1AT (range 0.09-0.65) after treatment. The inhibitory capacity of sputum was higher than in the corresponding bronchoalveolar lavage sample from the same patient (2p less than 0.05; n = 10). The median value for sputum was 0.22 micrograms PPE inhibited per microgram alpha 1AT (range 0-0.55) and the value for lavage fluid was 0.07 micrograms PPE inhibited per microgram alpha 1AT (range 0-0.27). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1984

50. Apoptosis

Author

Afford, S. and Randhawa, S.

Abstract

Apoptosis is the genetically regulated form of cell death that permits the safe disposal of cells at the point in time when they have fulfilled their intended biological function. Examples of apoptosis can be cited throughout the whole of the animal and plant kingdoms. It is a vitally important process during normal development and the adult life of many living organisms. In humans, dysregulation of apoptosis can result in inflammatory, malignant, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, infectious agents, including viruses, exploit cellular apoptosis in the host to evade the immune system. This review gives a brief historical perspective of some of the landmark discoveries in apoptosis research. The morphological and biochemical stages of apoptosis are then covered, followed by an overview of how it can be studied in the laboratory. Finally, the implications for therapeutic intervention in disease treatment are discussed.

Published
2000

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