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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o atraso na instalação da atmosfera controlada, da exposição à temperatura mais elevada (3°C) e do uso de baixa umidade relativa no início do armazenamento sobre a qualidade da maçã da cultivar 'Fuji'. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 10 tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados consistiram de combinações de retardo na instalação da AC, por meio do AR, uso da alta temperatura (3°C) e baixa umidade relativa (85%), por um período de um mês e posterior armazenamento em AC, com 1,0kPa de O2 + The aim of this research was to evaluate the delay in installation of a controlled atmosphere, exposure to highe temperature (3°C) at the beginning of the storage period and use of low humidity also at the beginning of storage on the quality of apple 'Fuji'. The experimental design was a completely randomized with ten treatments and four replicates. The treatments evaluated were combinations of delay in installation of the CA, through RH, high temperature (3°C) usage and low humidity (85%) for a period of one month and later storage with AC 1.0kPa of O2 +

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação pré-colheita de aminoetoxivinilglicina (AVG) e ethephon sobre a maturação da maçã 'Gala' colhidas em diferentes datas. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: controle, ethephon (140g ha-1), AVG (125g ha-1), AVG (125g ha-1) + ethephon (140g ha-1), AVG (95g ha-1) e AVG (95g ha-1) + ethephon (140g ha-1) em combinação com quatro épocas de colheita (131, 138, 145 e 152 dias após o pleno florescimento). A aplicação pré-colheita de AVG, seguida ou não de ethephon, proporcionou frutos com maior firmeza de polpa, cor de fundo da epiderme mais verde e menor produção de etileno, respiração e índice iodo-amido. Entretanto, o AVG retardou a evolução da cor vermelha dos frutos, principalmente na maior dose. A aplicação de ethephon, em plantas anteriormente tratadas com AVG, proporcionou frutos com cor vermelha semelhante ao tratamento controle sem prejudicar a ação do AVG no controle da maturação dos frutos. O atraso na colheita causou amarelecimento da epiderme, índice iodo-amido mais elevado, alta produção de etileno e menor acidez titulável.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of preharvest applications of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and ethephon on the maturation of the 'Gala' apple harvested on differents dates. The treatments were: control, ethephon (140g ha-1), AVG (125g ha-1), AVG (125g ha-1) + ethephon (140g ha-1), AVG (95g ha-1) and AVG (95g ha-1) + ethephon (140g ha-1). These treatments were combined with 4 harvest date (131, 138, 145 and 152 days after full bloom). The application of AVG, combined or not with ethephon, maintained higher flesh firmness, greener peel color, lower starch index, ethylene and CO2 production. However, AVG retarded the development of the red color of the fruit. The application of ethephon in AVG-treated plants increased the red color of the fruit that was similar to control fruit without influencing effect of AVG on the control of maturation. Delaying harvested fruit showed more yellowing skin color, higher starch index and ethylene production and lower titratable acidity.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da umidade relativa no armazenamento refrigerado e em atmosfera controlada sobre a qualidade de maçãs 'Gala' colhidas tardiamente. Os tratamentos foram armazenamento refrigerado + alta umidade relativa (96%), armazenamento refrigerado + baixa umidade relativa (90%), atmosfera controlada + alta umidade relativa (96%) e atmosfera controlada + baixa umidade relativa (90%). Os frutos de todos os tratamentos foram mantidos a 0,5°C e a condição de atmosfera controlada foi de 1,2kPa O2 + 3,0kPa CO2. Após sete meses de armazenamento, os frutos mantidos sob baixa umidade relativa (90%) apresentaram menor incidência de rachaduras, porém maior índice de murchamento na retirada da câmara. Após cinco dias de exposição a 20°C, os frutos mantidos em baixa umidade relativa, tanto em armazenamento refrigerado quanto em atmosfera controlada, apresentaram menor incidência de podridão e rachaduras. A incidência de degenerescência da polpa e polpa farinácea não foi influenciada pela umidade relativa.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de regimes de atmosfera controlada associados ou não com o uso de baixa umidade relativa e com a aplicação pós-colheita de fungicida sobre a conservação da qualidade de caqui ‘Kyoto’. Após o período de dois meses de armazenamento refrigerado a -0,5°C mais cinco dias a 20ºC, a firmeza de polpa manteve-se mais elevada nos frutos submetidos a 0,5kPa de O2 e 5kPa de CO2. A maior incidência de podridões ocorreu nos frutos armazenados a 2kPa de O2 + 10kPa de CO2. Baixa umidade relativa (90%) ou pressões parciais elevadas de CO2 (10 a 15kPa) aumentaram o escurecimento da epiderme.This work aimed to evaluate the effect of different partial pressures of O2 and CO2, combined or not with the use of low relative humidity (RH) and the postharvest fungicide application, on the quality of ‘Kyoto’ persimmons during controlled atmosphere (CA) storage. After two months of storage at -0.5°C plus five days at 20ºC, the highest flesh firmness was obtained in fruits stored in CA conditions of 0.5kPa of O2 and 5kPa of CO2. The highest rot incidence was observed in fruits stored at 2kPa O2 + 10kPa CO2. Low RH (90%) or high CO2 levels (10 to 15kPa) led to increased skin blackening.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents with a high treatment resistance and poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and preventive approaches such as chemoprevention are essential for the HCC control. Therefore, we evaluated the chemopreventive effects of butyrate-containing structured lipids (STLs) administered during the promotion stage of hepatocarcinogenesis in rats submitted to the 'resistant hepatocyte' (RH) model. Administration of butyrate-containing STLs inhibited the incidence and mean number of visible hepatic nodules per rat and reduced the number and area of glutathione S-transferase placental form-positive (GST-P+) preneoplastic focal lesions in the livers. This was accompanied by the induction of apoptosis and an increased level of hepatic butyric acid. Treatment with butyrate-containing STLs resulted in increased histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) acetylation, reduction of total histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, and lower levels of HDAC4 and HDAC6 proteins. The chemopreventive effect of butyrate-containing STLs was also associated with the increased nuclear compartmentalization of p53 protein and reduced expression of the Bcl-2 protein. In addition, rats treated with butyrate-containing STLs showed decreased DNA damage and telomerase activity in the livers. These results demonstrate that the suppressive activity of butyrate-containing STLs is associated with inhibition of elevated during hepatocarcinogenesis chromatin-modifying proteins HDAC4 and HDAC6, subcellular redistribution of the p53 protein, and decreased DNA damage and telomerase activity., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

The therapeutic strategies used in the treatment of hepatitis C are essentially based on the combination of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs). This therapy has been shown to be very effective in relation to patient adherence to treatment and has shown high rates of sustained virological response (SVR). However, the immunological dynamics of patients infected with HCV is poorly understood. This fact led us to investigate the immune system of naive and experienced patients, who we followed before the therapy and three months after the end of treatment. In this study, 35 naive and experienced Brazilian patients with chronic hepatitis C and 50 healthy donors (HD group) were studied. The analysis of the soluble immunological biomarkers was performed using the flow cytometry methodology. The SVR rate was >90% among the 35 patients. Before treatment, correlations in the naive HCV group demonstrated a mix of inflammatory response occurring with moderate correlations between chemokines, inflammatory cytokines, and Th2 profile, with a strong regulation between IL-10 and IL-17A. On the other hand, experienced patients demonstrated a poor interaction between cytokines, chemokines, and cells with a strong correlation between IL-10, IL-6, CXCL-10, and CD8 + besides the interactions between IFN- γ and IL-4. Furthermore, naive and experienced patients seem to have a distinct soluble biomarker profile; therefore, a long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate patients treated with DAAs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper., (Copyright © 2019 Grenda Leite Pereira et al.)

Open reduction and internal fixation constitute the standard of care for management of displaced distal femoral condylar fractures. The techniques most commonly used include conventional and locked plating with the primary goal of articular surface congruency. However, a specific implant for the isolated medial femoral condyle fracture is lacking. We report the use of a calcaneal plate as a novel technique for managing medial and lateral femoral condylar fractures.

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty was developed in the late 1980s for elderly patients with rotator cuff arthropathy. Several biomechanical advantages of the reverse shoulder arthroplasty result in improved deltoid function, which improves shoulder motion and function compared to other types of shoulder arthroplasty. The main indication for the reverse prosthesis is painful rotator cuff tear arthropathy. The indications for reverse shoulder arthroplasty have continued to expand since it was first performed in the United States in 2004. Although the results of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty have been generally favorable, the complication rate is higher than that of conventional total shoulder arthroplasty. Complications include those common to other shoulder procedures (infection, instability, and nerve injury) and those unique to reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (scapular notching, glenoid baseplate failure, component disassociation, and scapular stress fractures). It is helpful for orthopaedic surgeons to understand ways to avoid these complications and methods with which to treat them.

We report a case of catastrophic failure of ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty without precipitating event or trauma. The patient was a 64-year-old woman who had degenerative osteoarthritis and underwent the index primary total hip arthroplasty 3 years earlier. Intraoperative findings included an intact ceramic femoral head, a slightly damaged ceramic liner insert, diffuse metallosis, and excessive wear of the trunnion of the stem. After removal of the metallic debris, excision of metalloid tissue, and copious lavage of the joint, the prosthesis was revised to a modular revision system. Although previous operative reports had been reviewed before surgery, there was no indication of a head-neck taper mismatch. Only after revision surgery was performed, and high suspicion arose, were previous implant records analyzed and the mismatch identified.

Background: Although halo-vest immobilization remains a common form of treatment for type II odontoid fractures, nonunion and C1-2 instability may be the result in up to 20% to 40% of patients., Purpose: Supine and upright lateral X-ray films may allow early identification of patients likely to fail halo-vest treatment and earlier surgical treatment with decreased morbidity from prolonged unsuccessful halo-vest immobilization., Study Design/setting: A prospective cohort study was performed., Patient Sample: Twenty patients with type II odontoid fractures., Outcome Measures: Posttreatment nonunion and C1-2 instability as determined by plain X-ray films and computed tomography scan., Methods: Both supine and upright lateral X-ray films were obtained immediately after halo-vest application and at the 2-week, 6-week, and 3-month follow-up. Flexion-extension lateral X-ray films were obtained after halo-vest removal. Patients with nonunion or instability underwent computed tomography scan. Upright X-ray films were compared serially to identify loss of reduction. Pairs of supine and upright X-ray films were compared to measure any change in displacement or angulation upon transition from supine to upright position. Nonunion patients were compared with healed patients to determine any difference in fracture behavior based on serial supine and upright X-ray films., Results: Twenty patients with type II odontoid fractures were identified during the study period. Three patients with multiple trauma underwent immediate surgical stabilization. Three elderly patients with nondisplaced fractures were treated in a cervical orthosis. Fourteen patients initiated and completed 3 months of halo-vest immobilization. After halo-vest removal, 4 of 14 patients (29%) showed radiographic nonunion or instability. In all 4 nonunion patients, supine and upright radiographs at 2 weeks revealed change in fracture angulation > or =5 degrees between the supine and upright positions. In three of these patients standard serial upright lateral X-ray films failed to identify any loss of reduction. In the remaining patient, progressive angulation of 15 degrees was observed. No measurable change in angulation between supine and upright X-ray films was observed in any patient who healed successfully with halo-vest treatment., Conclusions: Obtaining both supine and upright lateral X-ray films during the follow-up period may identify patients at risk for failure of halo-vest treatment as early as 2 weeks after initiation of treatment. A change in fracture angulation > or =5 degrees suggests an increased risk of treatment failure and the potential benefit of early surgical stabilization.

Study Design: Retrospective review., Objectives: To determine whether radiographic measurements derived from standard computed tomography (CT) evaluation can be used to predict failure of nonoperative treatment in patients with unilateral facet fractures., Summary of Background Data: There is no consensus regarding treatment of unilateral cervical spine facet fractures. Management of this injury is based primarily on the presence of neurologic deficits and the degree of perceived spinal instability. CT-based criteria for predicting failure of nonoperative treatment in this patient population have not been examined., Methods: Initial CT scans of all patients with unilateral cervical facet fractures were reviewed. Direct measurements included height and width of the facet fracture fragment, fracture displacement, and angulation. Calculated data included percent height and width of the fracture fragment based on the height and width of the contralateral intact facet., Results: A total of 24 patients with 26 unilateral facet fractures were identified. Five patients with 5 facet fractures failed nonoperative management and required delayed surgical stabilization. Comparing patients successfully treated nonoperatively to those failing nonoperative management, a significant difference was found in absolute height of the fracture fragment (P = 0.0002), articular fracture height (P = 0.008), and height of the fracture fragment expressed as a percentage of the contralateral intact lateral mass (P = 0.026)., Conclusion: The only significant risk factors identified for failure of nonoperative treatment were craniocaudal height of the fracture fragment and relative height of the fracture fragment expressed as a percentage of the intact lateral mass. This study suggests that patients with unilateral cervical facet fractures involving >40% of the absolute height of the intact lateral mass or an absolute height >1 cm are at increased risk for failure of nonoperative treatment. Failure of nonoperative treatment was not observed in any patient with a fracture involving less than 40% of the height of the lateral mass or an absolute height <1 cm.

[structure: see text] Amino acid derivatives bearing an alkyne (AA-CCH) at either the N- or C-terminus readily react with W(CO)3(S2CNMe2)2 to replace the carbon monoxides and form the novel bis-alkyne complexes W(AA-CCH)2(S2CNMe2)2; the solution behavior of these complexes shows that only the alkyne, and not the other functional groups on the amino acid, bonds to the tungsten.