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Large eddy simulations (LES) are employed to investigate the effect of the inlet turbulence intensity on the H2/CH4flame structure in a hot and diluted co-flow stream which emulates the (Moderate or Intense Low-oxygen Dilution) MILD combustion regime. In this regard, three fuel inlet turbulence intensity profiles with the values of 4%, 7% and 10% are superimposed on the annular mixing layer. The effects of these changes on the flame structure under the MILD condition are studied for two oxygen concentrations of 3% and 9% (by mass) in the oxidiser stream and three hot co-flow temperatures 1300, 1500 and 1750 K. The turbulence-chemistry interaction of the numerically unresolved scales is modelled using the (Partially Stirred Reactor) PaSR method, where the full mechanism of GRI-2.11 represents the chemical reactions. The influences of the turbulence intensity on the flame structure under the MILD condition are studied by using the profile of temperature, CO and OH mass fractions in both physical and mixture fraction spaces at two downstream locations. Also, the effects of this parameter are investigated by contours of OH, HCO and CH2O radicals in an area near the nozzle exit zone. Results show that increasing the fuel inlet turbulence intensity has a profound effect on the flame structure particularly at low oxygen mass fraction. This increment weakens the combustion zone and results in a decrease in the peak values of the flame temperature and OH and CO mass fractions. Furthermore, increasing the inlet turbulence intensity decreases the flame thickness, and increases the MILD flame instability and diffusion of un-burnt fuel through the flame front. These effects are reduced by increasing the hot co-flow temperature which reinforces the reaction zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Large eddy simulation (LES) method is employed to investigate the effect of the hydrogen content of fuel on the H2/CH4 flame structure under the moderate or intense low-oxygen dilution (MILD) condition. The turbulence–chemistry interaction of the numerically unresolved scales is modelled using the PaSR method, where the full mechanism of GRI-2.11 represents the chemical reactions. The influence of hydrogen concentration on the flame structure is studied using the profiles of temperature, CH2O and OH mass fractions and the diffusion profiles of un-burnt fuel through the flame front. Furthermore, more details are investigated by contours of OH, HCO and CH2O radicals in an area near the nozzle exit zone. Results show that increasing the hydrogen content of fuel reinforces the MILD combustion zone and increases the peak value of the flame temperature and OH mass fraction. This increment also increases the flame thickness and reduces the OH oscillations and diffusion of the un-burnt fuel through the flame front. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]