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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic and interval circuit training on fitness and body image among women. Seventy-two college females were assessed for physical fitness and nine body image components defined in the Body Self-Image Questionnaire (BSIQ). Participants were non-randomly assigned, using intact groups, to one of three exercise programs (i.e., experimental conditions), aerobic exercise training (n = 23), interval circuit training (n = 28), or no vigorous exercise (control; n = 21) programs, completed over 12 weeks. A 3 (groups) x 2 (time) repeated measures MANOVA with follow-up univariate ANOVAs were computed to determine the extent to which the exercise intervention influenced body image. Results indicated significantly improved fitness scores for the aerobics/strength circuit training group. For the body image dependent variables, the interval circuit training group experienced the greatest improvement, specifically in overall appearance evaluation, health/fitness evaluation, health/fitness influence, and reduced negative affect. It was concluded that an interval program of aerobic, anaerobic, and strength training is more beneficial in improving body image than either aerobic exercise alone or no exercise., Research on body image has been abundant in recent years, partly due to its role in the development of eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (Cohen & [...]

In addition to a control condition, participants completed 33-min exercise bouts of 60 and 80% V[O.sub.2]max. Immediately before each intensity trial (including a control), participants were given the Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale (SEES). The SEES was again administered immediately following exercise and at 30, 60, and 90 min post-exercise. Controlling for iron status, the ANCOVA on fatigue yielded a significant main effect for time, while the ANCOVA on psychological distress resulted in a significant main effect for time and a significant intensity by age interaction. The ANCOVA on positive well-being yielded a significant main effect for intensity, and a significant interaction between intensity, age, and time. A follow-up intensity by time ANOVA for the older women yielded a significant main effect for intensity and a significant intensity by time interaction, suggesting a differential effect of exercise intensity on positive well-being across time. Compared to a control group, exercise at moderate and high intensity had little effect upon fatigue or distress, but had a beneficial effect upon positive well-being. Finally, a high intensity bout of exercise appears to be as or more effective than a moderate bout in terms of elevating positive well-being., In this investigation, the focus is upon the effects of an acute bout of aerobic exercise upon positive and negative affect as measured by McAuley and Courneya's (1994) exercise specific [...]

The purpose of this study was to compare oxidative modification of blood proteins, lipids, DNA, and glutathione in the 24 hours following aerobic and anaerobic exercise using similar muscle groups. Ten cross-trained men (24.3 [+ or -] 3.8 years, [mean [+ or -] SEM]) performed in random order 30 minutes of continuous cycling at 70% of V[O.sub.2]max and intermittent dumbbell squatting at 70% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), separated by 1-2 weeks, in a crossover design. Blood samples taken before, and immediately, 1, 6, and 24 hours postexercise were analyzed for plasma protein carbonyls (PC), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), and whole-blood total (TGSH), oxidized (GSSG), and reduced (GSH) glutathione. Blood samples taken before and 24 hours postexercise were analyzed for serum 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxygnanosine (8-OHdG). PC values were greater at 6 and 24 hours postexercise compared with pre-exercise for squatting, with greater PC values at 24 hours postexercise for squatting compared with cycling (0.634 [+ or -] 0.053 vs. 0.359 [+ or -] 0.018 nM x mg [protein.sup.-1]). There was no significant interaction or main effects for MDA or 8-OHdG. GSSG experienced a short-lived increase and GSH a transient decrease immediately following both exercise modes. These data suggest that 30 minutes of aerobic and anaerobic exercise performed by young, cross-trained men (a) can increase certain biomarkers of oxidative stress in blood, (b) differentially affect oxidative stress biomarkers, and (c) result in a different magnitude of oxidation based on the macromolecule studied. Practical applications: While protein and glutathione oxidation was increased following acute exercise as performed in this study, future research may investigate methods of reducing macromolecule oxidation, possibly through the use of antioxidant therapy. KEY WORDS. lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyls, reactive oxygen species

The cAMP levels in the skeletal muscles of male Sprague-Dawley were measured after four hours of tiresome exercise sessions which produce or do not produce the mitochondrial proliferation, to study the association of exercise duration time with the elevation of postexercise adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). The experiment used treadmill acclimatized and untrained rats, which were made to run at a speed of 22 meters per minute for 0, 10 or 60 minutes, and were killed at different postexercise time points of 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours. The quadriceps and solei muscles were immediately cut and frozen in liquid nitiogen. A commercial kit was assayed for cAMP, whose contents were similar to the nonexercise points.

There is pattern of increase in heart-rate during steady exercise, which reaches a final maximum value. An experiment wherein the heart-rate of athletes doing bench step-ups were monitored at regular intervals and the heart-rate is plotted against time is given. Whether or not the increasing heart-rate pattern fits a predictive model is examined.