Search

This paper aims to find out the regulation and the use of chemical weapons as a state’s self-defense and to explain why some countries use chemical weapons to defend themselves from attacks by other countries. This study was conducted based on normative legal method. It was found that Article 51 of the United Nations Charter, which regulates self-defense, does not specifically explain the use of permissible weapons in self-defense, so in practice, there are still many countries that use chemical weapons despite their use being forbidden in war (humanitarian law). The United Nations should amend to the contents of the United Nations Charter, especially in Article 51 on Self-defense, in order to add more detailed rules regarding anticipatory actions for self-defense so that no country admits to carrying out armed attacks with the aim of self-defense for their respective interests and harming many parties.

Indonesia dengan politik luar negeri yang bebas dan aktif memiliki peran penting untuk mewujudkan kepentingan Negara Indonesia dan kepentingan dunia internasional yang diperankan dalam furum PBB dan DK PBB sehubungan dengan bermacam persoalan internasional yang terjadi, seperti politik, hukum dan keamanan internasional. Indonesia telah berkontribusi, namun keefektifannya perlu diperhatikan untuk peningkatannya. Penulisan ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kontribusi aktif yang telah dijalankan Indonesia tersebut telah membawa hasil yang efektif dan optimal bagi kepentingan masyarakat internasional, seperti persoalan yang terjadi di kawasan Timur Tengah dan Asia. Berkenaan dengan eksistensi Indonesia di D K PBB sebagai anggota tidak tetap, ternyata Indonesia telah berperan aktif dan memberikan kontribusi bagi kepentingan bersama, termasuk perdamaian dan keamanan dunia, seperti persoalan politik dan hak asasi manusia, pendelegasian perempuan dan isu keamanan kawasan. Dalam kaitan tersebut Indonesia telah berperan dalam mencari solusi, seperti terhadap konflik bersenjata di Timur Tengah, masalah Palestina dan berkenaan dengan hak asasi manusia di Rohingnya Myanmar, perdamaian Filipina, termasuk persoalan konflik Rusia dengan Ukraina. Namun demikian keefektifan dan optimalisasi kontribusi Indonesia sangat perlu ditingkatkan di forum internasional guna lebih berkontribusi lagi ke depan

The coast of western Indonesia (Aceh province) has been the entrance for Rohingya refugees since 2012. At the beginning of 2020, the Rohingya refugees continued to arrive, although some of them have been resettled and transferred to the third countries. The Indonesian government rejected a large number of Rohingya refugees because there were no lex specialis in the Indonesian immigration arrangement related to asylum seekers and refugees. Historically, Indonesia was a country with commitment and experiences in dealing with refugees, however to date, Indonesia refused to become a party to the 1951 International Refugee Convention and 1967 Protocol on Refugees. Hence, there is no legal standards of the refugee management in Indonesia, and thus it complicates the management of the incoming Rohingyas. Responding to such issue, the government has issued the Presidential Regulation Number 125 of 2016 concerning the foreign refugee management to provide a temporary legal standard for all forms of refugee protection in Indonesia. However, such regulation has yet to comprehensively settled the management of the Rohingya people in Indonesia, particularly in Aceh province. This paper strongly advocates the Indonesian government to ratify the 1951 International Refugee Convention as to protect and settle the refugee under the non-refoulment principle which is fundamentally referred to humanitarian values.

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis bagaimana koordinasi struktur dalam penegakan hukum terhadap penangkapan ikan ilegal di perairan Aceh. Analisis ini berdasarkan pemahaman bahwa pemanfaatan sumber perikanan yang dilakukan oleh kapal perikanan harus selalu berdasarkan izin. Khusus bagi nelayan kecil dikecualikan. Realitasnya penangkapan ikan banyak terjadi secara ilegal, sehingga perlu dilakukan penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku pelanggaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sosio-legal, dengan melihat hukum yang tidak terpisahkan dari berbagai faktor lain. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penegakan hukum belum terlaksana secara efektif. Struktur yang terlibat dalam penegakan hukum di laut adalah Penyidik Pegawai Negeri Sipil, Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut, dan Kepolisian Air dan Udara. Penegakan hukum dilakukan melalui pengawasan dan penangkapan terhadap kapal-kapal yang melakukan penangkapan ikan secara ilegal. Sebanyak 36 kapal ditangkap dan dikenakan sanksi hukumnya. Koordinasi struktur dalam penegakan hukum masih kurang. Disarankan supaya dilakukan penegakan hukum secara terus-menerus yang efektif dan dilakukan koordinasi secara intensif antara para penegak hukum dengan memperkuat personil dan peralatan dalam penegakan hukum di laut. Improvement of Structural Coordination in Illegal Fishing Law Enforcement in Aceh This study aims to analyze the structural coordination in law enforcement against illegal fishing on the Aceh coast. This analysis is based on the understanding that the use of fisheries by fishing vessels must always be based on a permit. Especially for small fishermen it is excluded. In fact, many fishing occurs illegally, so it is necessary to enforce the law against the perpetrators. This research uses the socio-legal method, by looking at the law that is inseparable from various other factors. Research findings indicate that law enforcement has not been implemented effectively. The structures involved in the law enforcement are Civil Servant Investigators, the Indonesian National Army, the Navy, and the Air and Water Police. Law enforcement is carried out through the supervision and arrest of vessels fishing illegally. A total of 36 ships were arrested and subject to sanctions. Structural coordination in law enforcement is lacking. It is recommended that effective continuous law enforcement and intensive coordination between law enforcement agencies be carried out by strengthening personnel and equipment in law enforcement at sea.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perlindungan hukum internasional terhadap negara yang disadap secara melawan hukum oleh negara lain dan menjelaskan metode penyelesaian sengketa yang dilakukan Indonesia dalam menyelesaikan konflik antar negara akibat penyadapan yang dilakukan Australia terhadap Indonesia Tahun 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis metode penelitian hukum yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hukum internasional belum memberikan perlindungan yang cukup kepada negara yang disadap oleh negara lain. Adapun metode penyelesaian sengketa yang digunakan Indonesia dalam menyelesaikan kasus penyadapan dengan Australia adalah penyelesaian sengketa internasional secara damai melalui cara negosiasi. Oleh karena itu, peraturan mengenai penyadapan lintas negara harus segera dibentuk, sehingga perlindungan hukum terhadap negara yang disadap bisa dilakukan. Serta kedua negara harus membentuk code of conduct. Inter-State Conflict Under International Law International relation between two countries at some time could evoke problems which are caused by the cheating action of one party, such as interception resulting in conflict between them. This study aims to explain the protection of international law against countries that are illegally intercepted by other countries and explain the method of dispute settlement conducted by Indonesia in resolving inter-state conflicts resulting from Australian interception to Indonesia in 2013. This study uses a normative-juridical legal research method, by using legislation, case study , and conceptual approach with library data sources. The result shows that international law has not provided sufficient protection to countries intercepted or tapped by other countries. The method of dispute resolution used by Indonesia in solving wiretapping case with Australia is the peaceful settlement of international disputes through negotiation. Therefore, regulations concerning cross-country intercepting must be established immediately, thus legal protection of the tapped countries could be proceeded, and the two countries must establish a code of conduct.

Aceh Province as an Islamic Sharia Regional has culture and customs based on the values of the Quran and Hadith. For the Acehnese people, customs and laws cannot be totally separated that Acehnese customary law continues to grow until the birth of Acehnese Qanun Number 9 of 2008 concerning the Development of Indigenous and Customary Life. In the implementation, the customary sanctions experience some obstacles due to their unwritten characteristic that made them slightly shifted by the presence of national law. As what happens nowadays in Central Aceh District which is famous with its traditional values, there found legal issues for the customary instrument (Sarak Opat) when the customary sanctions considered discriminatory and arbitrary. Therefore, the settlement of customary disputes must be in accordance with humanitarian principles prioritizing the principle of deliberation and peace although many obstacles still exist at the level of implementation because of lack of understanding by both community and customary instruments related to the implementation of customary itself.

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan lembaga yang berwenang dalam melakukan pengawasan penyaluran zakat sebagai sumber Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan mekanisme pengawasan terhadap penyaluran zakat yang bersumber dari Pendapatan Asli Daerah di Aceh. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan, lembaga yang berwenang melakukan pengawasan terhadap penyaluran zakat di Aceh adalah : Inspektorat, Dewan Pertimbangan Syariah dan Bidang Pengawasan pada Badan Pelaksana Baitul Mal Aceh. Lembaga-lembaga tersebut telah melakukan pengawasan sesuai dengan syariah dan peraturan perundangan-undangan. Mekanisme pengawasan penyaluran zakat tidak berbeda dengan sistem pengawasan keuangan daerah atau PAD lainnya. Karena zakat sebagai PAD khusus, pengawasan sistem syariah tetap berjalan.This research aims to know and explain an institution having power in conducting monitoring of the donation distribution that is one of the Regional’s Original Revenue and to know and explore and explain the monitoring mechanism on the distribution of it, which is originated from the revenue. The research shows that the institutions that are having authority to conduct monitoring towards zakat’s distribution in Aceh are Inspektorate, Sharia Consideration Board and Monitoring Division at the Executive Board of Baitul Mal Aceh. The institutions are conducting monitoring that has been inaccordance with sharia and existing laws. The monitoring mechanism is conducted towards the distribution of zakat is similarly to the monitoring system of regional finance monitoring orother kinds of original regional revenues. However, it is still monitored specificly, as zakat in Aceh might be said as specific original regional revenue, hence its sharia system should be kept running.

Pasal 25 ayat (4) Undang-Undang No. 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman, yaitu, “Peradilan militer sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) berwenang memeriksa, mengadili, dan memutus perkara tindak pidana militer sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan”. Praktiknya, di Pengadilan Militer I–01 Banda Aceh masih mengadili tindak pidana umum yang dilakukan oknum anggota TNI. Ini akan membuat suatu peradilan tidak idenpenden hasil penelitian menunjukkan kewenangan Pengadilan Militer I–01 Banda Aceh mengadili perkara tindak pidana umum karena tunduk kepada UU Pengadilan militer yang menitikberatkan subyek hukum. Kemudian penghambat tidak diadilinya oknum anggota TNI melakukan tindak pidana umum di peradilan umum yaitu pertama dasar hukumnya, Kedua, masih melihat subjek hukumnya, Ketiga, Kompetensi relatif. Article 25 paragraph (4) of Law No. 48 of 2009 on Judicial Authority namely, "Military justice as referred to in paragraph (1) is authorized to examine, adjudicate, and decide cases of military crimes in accordance with the provisions of legislation". In practice, the Military Court I-01 in Banda Aceh still prosecutes a general crime committed by members of the TNI which will make a judiciary becomes dependent. The result of the study showed that the authority of Military Court I-01 in Banda Aceh is adjudicating a general criminal case because it is subject to the Military Court Law which emphasizes the subject of law. Then, the obstacle of the TNI members who committed a general crime who have not judged yet in the general court namely, First, legal basis, Second, still observe the legal subject, Third, the relative Competence.

The concept of ‘complete and exclusive sovereignty as defined in international and national law remains poses challenges, especially concerning the effort of Indonesia in taking over the Flight Information Region (FIR) from the Singapore context. The management of FIR by Singapore over the Riau Islands of Indonesia was begun during the British colonial period over Malay territory, which partly became a sovereign state of Singapore in 1965. However, under the syndrome of post-colonialism Indonesia has legalized it through the 1995 bilateral agreement between Indonesia and Singapore. On the other hand, since independence, Indonesia has gradually initiated to take over the FIR until the peak time of the 2015 Presidential Instruction which explicitly orders to take over the FIR of Singapore at the latest in the next four years (2015-2019). However, until the end of 2020, there had been no significant progress. This paper critically investigates such failure within the evolving concept of ‘sovereignty through the Third World Approach to International Law (TWAIL) paradigm in terms of the global justice system. It is proved that the meaning of ‘sovereignty in postcolonial states remains a political rhetoric as also known as ‘negative sovereignty’. Hence, this paper contributes to clarifying the meaning of sovereignty in the Indonesian context, so that a new awareness arises to increase the national capacity to take over FIR from Singapore, and hopefully, the ‘complete and exclusive’ meaning of sovereignty can be perceived in near future, for the maximum benefit of people in Indonesia.

Article 65 of Law No. 2 of 2014 concerning Notarial Department states "Notary, Substitute Notary and Notary Acting Officer are responsible for any deed made even though the Notary Protocol has been submitted or transferred to the notary protocol depository." In practice, it often occurs when the Protocol Deed is transferred to the Notary protocol holder of the party harmed by the existence of the deed to a lawsuit involving a retired notary public. This is as happened in the case in the Banda Aceh District Court. This relates to the summoning of witnesses who must obtain approval from the Notary Honorary Assembly in accordance with Article 66 paragraph 1 of the UUJN. This research aims to explain the position of the Deed made by a retired Notary who is sued to the Court and the liability of the Notary Protocol Holder if the Deed of Protocol held in question in the Court and to know the need for approval from the Notary Honorary Assembly if the retired notary is called as a witness in a court case. The research method used is normative research method. The data used is primary data. The results showed that: A retired notary (werda) the position of the deed that he made as a deed of protocol submitted to the Notary protocol holder. If the deed of protocol is questioned to the court, then the retired notary is responsible for the deed he made. The notary of the Protocol holder cannot be held liable for the Deed of Protocol he holds if it is in question in the Court. If there is a problem with the deed then the responsible person remains the notary concerned and not the notary protocol holder. The summons of a retired Notary does not require permission from the Notary Honorary Assembly (MKN).

Based on Article 32 paragraph (2) of Government Regulation No. 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration states, in the event that a land area has been issued a certificate legally and on behalf of a person or legal entity who acquires the land in good faith and expressly controls it, then the other party who feels that it has the right to the land, can no longer demand the exercise of the right if within a period of 5 years from the issuance of the certificate does not object in writing to the holder of the certificate or the Head of the Land Office concerned or does not file a lawsuit to the Court regarding the mastery or issuance of the certificate. Legal problems arise that a certificate that has been issued a certificate for 5 years can not be sued in court on an validity basis. The results showed that the cancellation of land rights certificate by tun court based on The State Administrative Court Law, cancellation of land certificates by deliberation and other efforts and unilateral settlement by the National Land Agency (BPN) has been carried out, where the plaintiffs held a review of the State Administrative Decision that has been issued can not be received by the plaintiff or the disputing party. Prior to the ruling that has legal force it remains prohibited for the relevant State Administration officials to carry out mutations on the land in question, it is to avoid the occurrence of problems in the future that cause harm to the litigants and third parties.

Countermeasure against illegal fishing in Aceh water territory has not yet run effectively as expected in accordance with the Law Number 45 of 2009 on Fisheries. This research aims to identify the policies of the local government relating to the countermeasure of illegal missing the mentioned territory. Data were collected through library research on reliable sources such as books, journals and other scholary works. In addition, field works foe collecting primary data have also been conducted through interview with relevant informen and respondents. It is found that the local government has shown necessary efforts in preventing and combating illegal fishing by issuing regulation concerning fishery issues and making coordination with relevant parties the Navy, Office of Maritime Affairs and Panglima Laot. Nevertheless, more efforts are needed including the issuance of the more specific regulation on illegal fishing which can address the case of illegal fissing by foreign fishing vessels. This is important since the existing regulation can only deal with the case of illegal fishing carried out by local fishermen with regards to illegal fishing gear and fishing permits.

Perdagangan bebas dalam kerangka AFTA merupakan suatu cara untuk meningkatkan hubungan internasional antar negara-negara anggota ASEAN. Keberadaan AFTA membawa pengaruh kepada perkembangan hukum dari negara-negara anggota. Perkembangan tersebut sangat penting guna pembaharuan aturan-aturan hukum dalam menghadapi AFTA oleh negara-negara anggota, termasuk Indonesia. Karena itu perlu diketahui tentang perbaharuan hukum Indonesa dalam menghadapi perdagangan bebas tersebut. Kenyataan menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan AFTA telah menimbulkan pembaharuan hukum Indonesia, terutama hukum ekonomi. Dalam kerangka persaingan bebas perlu membangun pranata dan kaedah hukum dengan menguasai sistem hukum asing untuk disesuaikan dengan hukum nasional atau mengharmonisasikannya guna kelancaran hubungan ekonomi antar negara. The Existing Of AFTA for National Legal Development in Indonesia ABSTRACT: AFTA’s Free trade is a way to increase international relationship between states of ASEAN members. AFTA has influenced on the legal development of the state members. This development is very important in terms of revising the rules in facing AFTA by the members, including Indonesia. Thus, in dealing with it by the membersin facing the trade. The fact that the existing has caused reformation of Indonesian Laws, especially economy law. in the scope of free competition in developingg the institution and the principles of law state by controling foreign legal system to be in accordance with the national laws or harmonising it in terms of making it smooth.

Negara-negara dalam mewujudkan kepentingan-kepentingan nasional, salah satunya dapat dilakukan melalui hubungan-hubungan internasional. Hubungan tersebut umumnya dibangun melalui suatu perjanjian internasional, baik bilateral maupun multilateral yang mengikat para pihak dari perjanjian tersebut. Penulisan ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui akibat yang terjadi dari pemutusan hubungan diplomatik terhadap perjanjian multilateral bagi para pihak dalam perjanjian. Hasilnya bahwa pemutusan hubungan diplomatik tidak mengurangi keterikatan para pihak yang memutuskan hubungan diplomatik untuk melaksanakan kewajiban dari perjanjian multilateral tersebut, hanya saja dapat ditangguhkan untuk sementara waktu karena terjadinya perubahan mendasar di negara pendukung kewajiban internasional tersebut. Perjanjian multilateral bukan saja berlaku bagi negara pesertanya, akan tetapi berlaku juga bagi negara bukan peserta perjanjian tersebut.

Article 14 of the penal law regulates prisoners' rights, namely Health Service Rights and consumption in prisons and detention centers. The Correctional Law provides legal certainty for the obligation to provide optimal service so the aim of related serve achieved. Health and consumption services in Class II A Banda Aceh Lapas and Class II B Jantho Detention Centers shortage and ineligible. It’s Health Service Rights and consumes inmate’s centers. Indeed, the writer observed that health consumptions served at prison class II A Banda Aceh that inmates at class II B Jantho Inefficiency. This study aims to describe the fulfillment of basic rights in health services and consume Its influence and efforts them. Types of legal research and empirical juridical approaches or sociological. The data analysis technique used in this research is qualitative. It’s used so that the writer tends under study. Based on observed, the writer knows that health served and consumption inefficient constitutes in facilities health boosted. Its still inadequate, indicated by claims about food and nutrition, Its Overcapacity, facilities and infrastructure, limited budgets, the substance of the rules the relationship between legal structures is inadequate, Efforts to increase claim internally and externally in the form of socialization, fighting for the budget through the legislature, optimally implementing inmates rules, then health serve and food proper. UU pemasyarakatan pasal 14 salah satu nya mengatur tentang hak-hak narapidana yaitu Hak Pelayanan Kesehatan dan konsumsi di Lapas dan Rutan. Ada nya pasal 14 UU Pemasyarakatan tersebut memberikan kepastian hukum terhadap kewajiban memberikan pelayanan se optimal mungkin agar tujuan pemasyarakatan tercapai. Pada kenyataannya pelayanan kesehatan dan konsumsi yang penulis teliti baik di Lapas Klas II A Banda Aceh maupun Rutan Klas II B Jantho masih kurang memadai dan belum memenuhi standar yang ditetapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan menganalisis pemenuhan hak-hak dasar narapidana atas pelayanan kesehatan dan konsumsi, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya, dan upaya peningkatan pemenuhannya. Jenis penelitian hukum dan pendekatan yuridis empiris, atau penelitian hukum sosiologis. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah data kualitatif, metode kualitatif ini digunakan agar penulis dapat mengerti dan memahami gejala yang diteliti. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penulis diketahui bahwa pelayanan kesehatan dan konsumsi di Lapas masih belum efektif, terlihat dari sarana dan prasarana penunjang pelayanan kesehatan, frekuensi kunjungan tenaga kesehatan, dan anggaran yang tersedia. Konsumsi yang disajikan bagi narapidana masih kurang layak, terindikasi dari keluhan tentang makanan serta gizi yang kurang seimbang, kebersihan kurang diperhatikan. Faktor-Faktor yang mempengaruhi nya antara lain: Berupa over kapasitas di Lapas dan Rutan, sarana dan prasarana, anggaran yang terbatas, substansi aturan antara hubungan struktur hukum belum memadai, Upaya Peningkatan Pemenuhan nya secara internal maupun eksternal berupa sosialisasi, memperjuangkan anggaran melalui legislatif, dan optimal menjalankan aturan untuk pelayanan hak narapidana, baik pelayanan kesehatan dan makanan yang layak.

Notaris berwenang memberikan penyuluhan hukum untuk menjamin kepastian hukum akta. Moralitas, ketelitian, kehati-hatian merupakan faktor utama untuk menghindari penyalahgunaan wewenang yang menimbulkan kerugian bagi pihak lain. Dalam praktek ditemukan, notaris tidak memberikan penyuluhan hukum sehingga terjadi sengketa, ada notaris yang menjadi mediator. Tujuan penelitian menjelaskan akibat hukum akta yang tidak didahului dengan penyuluhan hukum, menjelaskan kedudukan notaris dalam mediasi sengketa. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif, menggunakan bahan hukum primer, sekunder, tersier. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penelitian kepustakaan, penelitian lapangan dalam bentuk wawancara, teknik pengolahan bahan hukum, analisis bahan hukum dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan notaris yang bertindak sebagai mediator tidak dapat dimintakan pertanggungjawaban hukum, karena mediator merupakan pihak ketiga yang bersifat netral dan tidak memihak. Tidak ada larangan bagi notaris menjadi mediator, karena mediator bukanlah pejabat negara, lembaga tinggi negara, tidak melaksanakan administrasi negara, profesi mediator tidak digolongkan sebagai pegawai negeri, advokat, pemimpin atau pegawai BUMN/D, dan profesi yang bertentangan dengan norma agama, kesusilaan/kepatutan, yang dapat mempengaruhi kehormatan notaris. Saran, notaris wajib memberikan penyuluhan hukum secara profesional untuk menghindari sengketa dan gugatan kepada notaris. Notaris harus memperhatikan etika, moral, ketidakberpihakan dalam proses mediasi. Ikatan Notaris Indonesia perlu menyusun mekanisme dan batasan mediasi yang boleh dilakukan oleh notaris.

This study aimed to describe the shape of local government actions in tackling illegal fishing in Aceh, the handling of illegal fishing destructive fishery resources. The fundamental point is Law No. 45 Year 2009 concerning fisheries. This spesification of this research descriptive analysis, used both normative juridical approach and empirical. The results showed that the local government has made an effort preventive and repressive in the case of illegal fishing. To coordinate with relevant agencies and empower the role of traditional institutions of the sea to assist the role of government and law enforcement. Local governments should improve the coordination and supervision of the marine area, to monitor and evaluate the performance of local authorities in applying the law against this illegal fishing case. Keywords: Illegal, Local Government, and Fishing.

Zona Ekononi Eksklusif (ZEE) merupakan suatu rezim hukum baru yang diatur dalam Konvensi Hukum Laut 1982. Kepada Negara-negara pantai, seperti Filipina dan Indonesia diberikan hak berdaulat di ZEE yang jaraknya 200 mil dari garis pantainya untuk mengeksploitasi dan mengeksplorasi sumber kekayaan alam di laut atau memanfaatkan kekayaan hayati ikan. Dan hanya negara yang bersangkutanlah yang berhak memanfaatkan kekayaan ikan di ZEE, sedangkan negara-negara lain tidak boleh kecuali ada izin. Karena itu diperlukan kerjasama antar negara untuk melindungi dan melestarikan sumber kekayaan alam tersebut, namun perlindungan tersebut kurang diperhatikan oleh negara-negara di kawasan tersebut. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang aspek-aspek yang relevan dilakukan melalui kerjasama antar negara dalam melindungi sumber-sumber perikanan di ZEE dan tentang pengaturan hukum internasional, regional dan hukum nasional dalam mengantifikasi perlindungan sumber-sumber perikanan di ZEE. Dalam kenyataannya perlindungan dan pelestarian sumber-sumber perikanan di ZEE diantara negara-negara ASEAN itu belum berjalan sebagaimana mestinya, meskipun usaha kearah tersebut dilakukan guna pelestarian ikan di laut ZEE. Namun perlindungan tersebut tidak efektif karena banyak kapal, baik dari Indonesia maupun dari Negara ASEAN lainnya yang menangkap ikan tanpa memperdulikan tentang perlindungan dan pelestarian sumber ikan di ZEE, bahkan banyak kapal ikan asing tersebut menangkap ikan di ZEE Indonesia secara illegal, sehingga unsur kepentingan perlindungan dan pelestarian sumber ikan tersebut diabaikan oleh kapal-kapal perikanan tersebut. The Protection and the Conservation of Fishery Resources in the Economic Exclusive Zone Among the Asean States

Persons that involved in an armed conflict are protected by law which regulated in Article 13 of Geneva Convention 1949. There are some persons who receive protection such as combatants, militia and levee en maase and civilians as a matter of law, however , the protection itself has not been fully implemented. This article aims to discuss persons who receive protection whether the persons involve in an armed conflict or not. In principle, persons who involve in an armed conflict must protect the combatants who took direct participation when the combatants are wounded and hostile. However, the protection are not implemented accordingly since the y often receive violence attacks. Furthermore, civilians often became victim of attack that classified as inhuman treatment. Keyword s : Protected, proctected p ersons, armed conflict