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Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis has recently been under the spotlight due to a better detection rate with advanced imaging techniques. Recurrent infections in such patients are the main cause of their deterioration. This invariably leads to a catastrophic wheel of decline in lung function, reinfection, and repeated hospital consultations. The main goal of their management is based on the principles of prevention and vigorous treatment of recurrent infections. This review aimed to gather recent therapeutic options for inhaled antibacterial use in such patients and compare them for their properties of safety and efficacy. Studies done in the last 10 years on adult patients were gathered using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) strategy and later sorted using the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Research engines used include Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Saudi Digital Library. Out of the 31,739 articles identified initially, 1362 were screened. The final eight selected papers were assessed for quality by using the quality assessment checklist, the Cochrane bias assessment tool, the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) tools and cross-examined by co-authors. We concluded that the use of inhaled antibiotics as an adjuvant and follow-up treatment option is associated with better short and long-term prognoses in patients. They lead to lesser systemic side effects than the oral and intravenous varieties available on the market. However, the establishment of a hierarchy among the subgroups remains a grey area that needs further research.

Warfarin has been an anticoagulant of choice in patients with advanced Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKD) at stages 4 and 5 for decades, but with the advent of Novel Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs), there has been a sharp rise in their prescriptions. Among all NOACS, apixaban is the least reliant on kidney function and is a very popular choice for this patient population. However, being utilized extensively, most of the landmark trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of apixaban excluded patients with Creatinine Clearance (CrCl)25mL/min/1.73 m

A medical condition known as alcohol use disorder (AUD) is defined as an impaired capacity to reduce or regulate alcohol consumption despite negative social, occupational, or health effects. According to studies, habitual drinkers experience a reduction in their capacity to process new information, gain new skills, and formulate plans. Studies indexed in PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and ScienceDirect, published from 2012 to 2022, were identified through the search terms "alcohol use disorder" and "executive function." A total of 2242 abstracts were identified through the initial search terms. Full texts were reviewed for 61 articles, out of which nine articles met the criteria for inclusion. This systematic review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The current systematic review primarily focuses on the following issues: clinical neuropsychological tests of executive dysfunction, specific brain regions most affected by alcohol neurotoxic effects, and alcohol-related dementia. This review concluded that chronic alcohol dependence syndrome causes impairments in several cognitive function domains. Study shows frontal lobe damage is caused by chronic alcohol consumption. A faulty interaction among large-scale networks underlies patients' executive dysfunction in AUD, which is suggested by changes in prefrontal white-matter pathways. The goal of this systematic review is to improve the ability to recognize alcoholics who are particularly at risk of functional impairments to tailor therapeutic therapy to maximize the chance of maintaining abstinence and neuropsychology concerning this complex disease.

Delirium is a severe and variable neuropsychiatric illness that causes cognitive and behavioral problems as well as abrupt impairment in consciousness and focus. Due to the complex, dynamic, and multifaceted interactions between several risk factors, the etiology of delirium is unclear. Although its efficacy has not been thoroughly studied, haloperidol, a common antipsychotic medicine, is frequently used to prevent delirium in critically ill patients. When evaluating the atypical antipsychotic response rates for treating delirium, only a few trials have taken age into account. Articles were searched for from PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), and Science Direct, and reviewed systematically. A complete 225 articles were identified after applying the search strategy to these databases. Out of these, 12 were finalized for review. We reviewed the efficacy and safety of haloperidol with atypical antipsychotics for treating delirium in intensive care unit patients.

Targeting apoptosis in cancer therapy has become increasingly popular, and there has been an increasing debate on whether apoptosis should be one of the main targets of therapy in cancer management. This study demonstrates the definition of apoptosis, the signaling pathways, and the pathogenesis behind it. We also show the correlation between apoptosis and cancer and how cancer can evade apoptosis to develop resistance to therapy. In addition, we illustrate the efficacy of adding pro-apoptotic therapy to conventional radio-chemotherapy cancer treatment. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), and ResearchGate, including papers written in English, focusing on adult and geriatric populations, in literature reviews, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials published in the last 25 years with relevance to the question. Based on the findings of this review, we conclude that apoptosis is a very sophisticated programmed cellular death with many signaling pathways. Its evasion should be considered one of the hallmarks of cancer and is responsible for multiple drug resistance (MDR) to cancer therapy. Targeting apoptosis seems promising, especially if combined with radio-chemotherapy.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common pathology in middle-aged patients and a regular consultation in the gastroenterology office. The prevalence is high in females with a ratio of 2:1, and due to its multifactorial etiology, it is difficult to address the symptomatology. On the other hand, fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic widespread pain syndrome also prevalent in the female population, characterized by systemic symptoms. It is proven that 28-59 % of patients with FMS develop IBS at some point in their illness; on the other hand, 32-77% of those with IBS will develop FMS. Our study aims to compile information about the pathogenesis of these diseases and highlight their common processes to target these two illnesses potentially. This systematic review comprises twenty-three studies published between 2017 and 2022, selected by electronic research with keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MESH) strategy. The articles were taken from PubMed, Pubmed Central (PMC), Medline, and Cochrane libraries and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the pertinent quality checklists. Of the reviewed studies, 10 were case-control, six were narrative reviews, three were systematic reviews, three were cross-sectional, and one was a cohort study. They investigated the correlation and similitudes in the pathogenic process between FMS and IBS. There are some similar mechanisms in the physiopathologies of IBS and FMS, where the immune system, especially the mast cells (MCs), along with their products, receptors, the inflammatory cells with their intermediaries, hormones, and neurotransmitters such as serotonin, act together pathologically. Also, the role of the microbiota is very important in this pathogenesis since dysbiosis alters the levels of serotonin in the body and can produce hyperstimulation of the autonomic nervous system. There are common associated factors in IBS and FMS, with evident symptoms presented in both syndromes such as fatigue, pain, hypersensitivity, depression, anxiety, and others, that could be correlated in a certain way. After this systematic review, we can conclude that the most accepted theories of the common pathogenesis are the role of serotonin and MCs with their inflammatory biomarkers, which can affect different parts of the body producing the characteristic symptomatology. Moreover, other pathogenic mechanisms such as the involvement of microbiota and dysregulation of the gut-brain axis have shown promising results, and further investigation should be made to support their role.