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This study compared the effects of High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on blood lactate clearance. 21 adult males were equally and randomly assigned to the HIIT and MICT groups, and completed 8 weeks of training. Before the training intervention, after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of training, all subjects were tested for blood lactate levels between 0 and 55 min after the same high-intensity test. The results show that after 8 weeks, blood lactate levels were significantly lower than pre-tests in both the HIIT and MICT groups at "0-55 min" after high-intensity test (p < 0.05), and the blood lactate clearance percentage at15-min and 30-min in both groups were significantly higher than the pre-tests (P < 0.01). The blood lactate levels in the HIIT group were significantly lower than those in the MICT group at 15 min and 30 min after test (P < 0.05), and the blood lactate clearance percentage at 30 min in the HIIT group was significantly higher than those in the MICT group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, both HIIT and MICT enhance blood lactate clearance in adult males post high-intensity test, with HIIT demonstrating superior effectiveness, making it a viable alternative to MICT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the relationship between childhood trauma and sex addiction among a sample of adult men (N = 149). Thirty‐eight (25.5%) men screened positive for sex addiction, whereas 111 (74.5%) did not. Using descriptive discriminant analysis, we found that four subscales of early trauma predicted risk of sex addiction group membership to varying degrees, accounting for 22.3% of the variance explained. Sexual and emotional abuse accounted for the most variance explained in the group differences, whereas physical abuse and, to a lesser extent, general trauma also contributed to the group differences. Implications of the study findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Age-related changes in anthropometric indices and their association with cardiometabolic health markers are crucial for understanding health risks in adult men. Objectives. The study aimed to assess age-related variations in anthropometric indices and their correlation with health markers, highlighting potential cardiometabolic health risks in adult men. Materials and methods. A total of 200 men, aged 26 to 50 years, from Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR), India, were sampled using a multistage random sampling technique and divided into 5 age groups, each including 40 individuals. This study examined variations in body measurements such as the hip circumference (HC), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and neck circumference (NC) across different age groups, as well as their relationship to health markers like HbA1c and lipid profile. Anthropometric measurements were taken in a standardized environment, and blood samples were taken under fasting conditions for lipid profile and HbA1c measurement. With SPSS software, descriptive statistics, a one-way ANOVA, and the Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. Results. Significant age-related differences were found in NC and WC, with NC increasing from 39.61 ± 2.53 cm to 41.20 ± 2.63 cm and WC rising from 89.68 ± 12.08 cm to 98.80 ± 9.90 cm, indicating a trend toward central obesity. BMI and HC showed no considerable variation across age groups. A one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in NC (F = 3.586, p = 0.008) and WC (F = 6.020, p = 0.005). Pearson’s correlations indicated that NC, BMI, and WC were positively correlated with triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL levels (p < 0.05), while no notable correlations were observed for HbA1c. Conclusions. The study underscores the existence of significant age-related increases in NC and WC, suggesting heightened risks of abdominal obesity and cardiometabolic health issues in older men. Monitoring these anthropometric indices is vital for the early detection of health risks in adult males.

As the prevalence of depression among adult men has been increasing over time, a longitudinal approach is necessary to understand more deeply how adult men’s depression prevalence has been changing and what indicators influence their levels of depression over time. This study examines how employment status affects adult men’s depression and investigates an interaction effect of education level on the relationship between employment and depression. The current study employed the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 for Children and Young Adults. Using eleven waves of data, a total of 999 adult men were selected for the final sample. The current study used a Random Effects Model (REM). Employment and educational attainment significantly affected adult men’s levels of depression over time. Educational attainment moderated the relationship between adult men’s employment and depression levels over time. Long-term social services to help unemployed adult men should focus on improving adult men’s skills and opportunities to have stable employment, leading them to have lower levels of depression over time. More opportunities for higher education should also be provided to adult men of all ages. Opportunities for unemployed men without higher education to improve their educational attainment may also help to lower their rates of depression over time.

Background: Limited evidence exists regarding the association between ozone exposure and adverse sperm quality. We aimed to assess the association between ozone exposure and sperm quality, and identify susceptible exposure windows. Methods: We recruited 32,541 men aged between 22 and 65 years old attending an infertility clinic in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China from 2014 to 2020. Ozone data were obtained from a satellite-based spatiotemporal model. Generalized linear models were used to estimate the association between ozone exposure and sperm quality parameters, including sperm concentration, sperm count, sperm total motility, and sperm progressive motility during the entire stage of sperm development (0–90 days before ejaculation) and three crucial stages (0–9 days, 10–14 days and 70–90 days before ejaculation). Stratified analyses were performed to evaluate whether associations varied by age, body mass index, and education levels. Results: The final analysis included 27,854 adult men. A 10 μg/m3 increase in ozone concentrations during the entire stage of sperm development was associated with a −4.17 % (95 % CI: −4.78 %, −3.57 %) decrease in sperm concentration, −6.54 % (95 % CI: −8.03 %, −5.60 %) decrease in sperm count, −0.50 % (95 % CI: −0.66 %, −0.34 %) decrease in sperm total motility, and −0.07 % (95 % CI: −0.22 %, 0.09 %) decrease in sperm progressive motility. The associations were stronger during 70–90 days before ejaculation and among men with middle school and lower education for sperm concentration. Conclusions: Ozone exposure was associated with decreased sperm quality among Chinese adult men attending an infertility clinic. These results suggest that ozone may be a risk factor contributing to decreased sperm quality in Chinese men.

Introduction: Given the high prevalence of thyroid nodules and the potential for malignancy, it is imperative to understand the various factors that contribute to their development. This study aimed to explore the relationship between metabolic syndrome, lifestyle, and thyroid nodules in adult men in southern China. Methods: This study enrolled a total of 183,990 subjects at a medical examination center in a general hospital in southern China between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome, lifestyle factors, and thyroid nodules. Furthermore, structural equation modeling elucidated the intricate relationships among these variables. Results: The prevalence of thyroid nodules among Chinese adult males was 14.9%. Several factors were identified as risk factors for thyroid nodules, including advanced age, irregular meal time, smoking or quitting smoking, quitting drinking, heavy manual labor, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and centripetal obesity, and those belonging to ethnic minorities and drinking alcohol were found to be protective factors against thyroid nodules. Structural equation modeling highlighted metabolic syndrome's mediating role amidst lifestyle influences on thyroid nodules. Conclusion: The prevalence of thyroid nodules in Chinese adult males is relatively moderate to low. The factors identified in this study can help clinicians identify high-risk patients and develop targeted screening strategies for the timely detection of thyroid nodules. However, further mechanistic research and longitudinal studies are necessary to explore the underlying causes and establish causal relationships.

Less attention has been given to the relationship between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and sleep among adult men, even though they are a group that consumes a large amount of sugar-sweetened beverages and who has worse sleep duration than women. The purpose of the current study is to explore the association between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and sleep duration and to investigate how the relationship differs by race and ethnicity among adult men. The current study employed a secondary dataset—the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 for Children and Young Adults. A total of 2609 participants were selected for analysis. A moderation model was employed to explore the moderating effect of race and ethnicity on the relationship between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and sleep duration. The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among adult men was negatively related to their sleep duration (p < 0.01). The association between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and sleep duration among adult men was moderated by Hispanic identity (p < 0.05). Unlike for White adult men, whose sleep duration may be significantly affected by the reduced consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, addressing other factors such as stress associated with discrimination in the workplace or the job market may be more important to enhance Hispanic adult men’s sleep duration. Alternative options such as unsweetened teas, 100% fruit juice, or water may be emphasized in education may be emphasized to substitute at least some sugar-sweetened beverages to improve adult men’s poor sleep duration.

This study aims to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and sleep duration and to investigate how race and ethnicity influence the association among adult men. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 for Children and Young Adults (NLSY79 CY) was used for this study. A total of 2609 adult men were chosen for the final sample. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and a moderation model were employed to answer the research questions. Men’s job satisfaction was positively related to sleep duration. Both Black and Hispanic men had significantly lower sleep duration than White men. We found an interaction effect indicating that a Black racial identity moderated the association of adult men’s job satisfaction and sleep duration. Reducing unhealthy working conditions and stressors in the workplace may improve job satisfaction and result in better health through increased sleep duration. Further, fringe benefits should be expanded to improve men’s sleep duration. Eliminating racial and ethnic discrimination in the labor market should be more prioritized and Black men should receive more fringe benefits, which may help to boost their job satisfaction and result in increased sleep.

Access to healthy and affordable diet hinged on the realization of Sustainable Development Goal 2, higher productivity and, economic prosperity while it is difficult for a poorly nourished people to achieve optimum production of goods and services. This study assessed whether dietary diversity (DD) and nutritional status of adult men are associated with crop commercialization index (CCI) levels of agricultural households in two states of Southwestern Nigeria. This research utilized 352 farm households, comprising 277 adult male members. The individual version of dietary diversity score (DDS) of 9 food groups was used to calculate adult men’s DDS over a 24-h recall. Anthropometric data was obtained using body mass index (BMI) while CCI levels was estimated for each agricultural household. Logistic regression and ordered logit models were used to examine the determinants of adult men’s dietary diversity and nutritional status respectively. Hundred percent of adult men consumed starchy staples, with 11.2% consuming egg, 5.8% milk and milk products and 0.4% consuming organ meat over 24-h recall. Adult men of CCI 2 and CCI 4 agricultural households recorded overweight prevalence of >20% in Ogun state while the association between DDS and CCI was statistically insignificant suggesting that being a member of any of the CCI households may not guarantee the consumption of healthy diets among adult men. From Logit regression analysis, it is more likely for adult men with higher farm size to attain the minimum DDS of 4 food groups than those with smaller size of farmland (OR = 4.78; 95% CI: 1.94, 11.76; p = 0.001). The age, farm experience, and cassava marketing experience were positively related to the likelihood of obtaining the minimum DDS. For adult men to achieve a healthy diet, their diet pattern must incorporate a more diversified intake of food from different food groups capable of improving their nutritional status. This study emphasized the need for relevant stakeholders to provide adequate nutrition knowledge intervention programmes capable of improving the diets and nutrition of adult men and other members of farm households.

Ayano Shanko,1 Lonsako Abute,2 Temesgen Tamirat2 1Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia; 2Public Health Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Temesgen Tamirat, Email temesgentamirat58@yahoo.comBackground: Prostate cancer is a disease of the prostate gland. It is a recognized tumour in men and is common worldwide. It is the second most frequent cancer and the fifth leading cause of death in males worldwide. Worldwide, prostate cancer screening continues to be a highly contested topic with a variety of differences in recommendations for screening uptake. However, for men considered to be at risk, screening continues to be the most effective method for lowering death through early identification of prostate cancer.Objective: To determine prostate cancer screening practice and associated factors among adult men in public health facilities of Hossana Town, Ethiopia.Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional design was used. All adult men, whose age > 40 years attending public health facilities found in Hossana town were included in this study. From each public health facility, representative numbers of participants who fulfilled inclusion criteria were included in the study. A total of 422 sample sizes of adult men were used. A consecutive sampling technique was used to select study participants in each health facility. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was employed to collect data. Both descriptive and advanced analyses were performed using SPSS software version 26.0. In bivariable analysis, variables with a p-value < 0.25 were considered for multivariable analysis. Finally, odds ratio with 95% CI and p-value < 0.05 were used to declare factors as significantly associated with the outcome variable.Results: About 7.2% (30) of the participants were screened for prostate cancer in this study. Ever heard about prostate cancer [AOR=26 (7.06– 96.90)], family history of prostate cancer [AOR=15.5(5.18– 46.77)] and awareness of anyone who has undergone prostate cancer screening [AOR= 6.8(1.95– 23.64)] were identified independent predictors for prostate screening practice.Conclusion: In this study, prostate cancer screening practice is low. Ever heard about prostate cancer, family history of prostate cancer and awareness of anyone who has undergone prostate cancer screening were independent predictors of prostate cancer screening practice. Intervention measures aiming to increase awareness about prostate cancer and prostate cancer screening should be done.Keywords: prostate cancer, screening practice, adult men, health facilities, Hossana

There is a gradual tendency towards prolonged bachelorhood among men in Nigeria. Studies have linked this to socio-economic factors, but this evidence is sparsely explored in the context of Nigeria. Hence, this study fills the knowledge gap. The 2016/17 Nigeria Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey data of 7803 adult men (aged 18–34 years) was analysed by using descriptive and fitting binary logitic regression and Cox regression models. Results show that slightly more than one-third of adult men in Nigeria (35%) had a marriage history and their median age at first marriage was about 24 years. Educated men (than the uneducated) and those in middle wealth group (than the poor men) were less likely to have ever been married and to delay marriage, respectively. Wealthy men were more likely to delay marriage. Employed men were more likely to have a marriage history and to delay marriage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This Delphi study was planned to examine global expert consensus with regard to utility, accuracy, and categorization of Bladder Contractility Index (BCI) and Bladder Outlet Obstruction Index (BOOI) and the related evidence. Methods: Twenty‐eight experts were invited to answer the two‐round survey including three foundation questions and 15 survey questions. Consensus was defined as ≥75% agreement. The ordinal scale (0–10) in round 1 was classified into "strongly agree," "agree," "neutral," "disagree," and "strongly disagree" for the final round. A systematic search for evidence was conducted for therapeutic studies that have examined outcome stratified by the indices in men. Results: Nineteen experts participated in the survey with 100% completion. Consensus was noted with regard to 6 of 19 questions. Experts strongly agreed with utility of quantifying bladder contractility and bladder outflow obstruction with near unanimity regarding the latter. There was consensus that BCI and BOOI were accurate, that BCI was clinically useful, and for defining severe bladder outflow obstruction as BOOI > 80. Systematic search yielded 69 publications (BCI 45; BOOI 50). Most studies examined the indices as a continuous variable or by standard cutoffs (BCI 100, 150; BOOI 20, 40). Conclusion: There is general agreement among experts on need for indices to quantify bladder contractility and bladder outflow obstruction as well as with regard to accuracy and utility of BCI and BOOI indices. Few studies have examined the discriminant power of existing cutoffs or explored new ones. This is an extraordinary knowledge gap in the field of urology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Few studies to date have attempted to measure serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in adult men, and solid references ranges have not yet been defined in a large cohort. Objective: In this study, we aimed, first, to establish the reference ranges for serum AMH and AMH-to-total testosterone ratio (AMH/tT) in adult males. Second, we investigated the relationship between serum AMH and both reproductive hormones and semen parameters. Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 578 normozoospermic adult men. Serum AMH concentrations were determined with an automated sandwich chemiluminescent immunoassay. Results: The median serum AMH was 43.5 pmol/L. The 2.5th and 97.5th percentile values for serum AMH and AMH/tT were 16.4 and 90.3 pmol/L and 0.45 and 3.43, respectively. AMH was positively correlated with inhibin B and sperm concentration and negatively correlated with age, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and progressive sperm motility. Interestingly, using immunofluorescence, we documented for the first time that AMH type II receptor (AMH-R2) is expressed in ejaculated human spermatozoa and gonadotrophic cells in the postmortem pituitary gland. Conclusions: We establish a new age-specific reference range for serum AMH and AMH/tT. Moreover, AMH-R2 expression in human spermatozoa and gonadotrophic cells, together with the relationship between serum AMH levels and sperm motility or mean FSH levels, highlight new potential functions of AMH in regulating sperm motility or FSH secretion in adult men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited evidence exists regarding the association between ozone exposure and adverse sperm quality. We aimed to assess the association between ozone exposure and sperm quality, and identify susceptible exposure windows. We recruited 32,541 men aged between 22 and 65 years old attending an infertility clinic in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China from 2014 to 2020. Ozone data were obtained from a satellite-based spatiotemporal model. Generalized linear models were used to estimate the association between ozone exposure and sperm quality parameters, including sperm concentration, sperm count, sperm total motility, and sperm progressive motility during the entire stage of sperm development (0–90 days before ejaculation) and three crucial stages (0–9 days, 10–14 days and 70–90 days before ejaculation). Stratified analyses were performed to evaluate whether associations varied by age, body mass index, and education levels. The final analysis included 27,854 adult men. A 10 μg/m3 increase in ozone concentrations during the entire stage of sperm development was associated with a −4.17 % (95 % CI: −4.78 %, −3.57 %) decrease in sperm concentration, −6.54 % (95 % CI: −8.03 %, −5.60 %) decrease in sperm count, −0.50 % (95 % CI: −0.66 %, −0.34 %) decrease in sperm total motility, and −0.07 % (95 % CI: −0.22 %, 0.09 %) decrease in sperm progressive motility. The associations were stronger during 70–90 days before ejaculation and among men with middle school and lower education for sperm concentration. Ozone exposure was associated with decreased sperm quality among Chinese adult men attending an infertility clinic. These results suggest that ozone may be a risk factor contributing to decreased sperm quality in Chinese men. • O 3 exposure is associated with declined sperm concentration, count and total motility. • O 3 exposure during 70–90 days before ejaculation is the susceptible exposure window. • The adverse effect of O 3 on sperm quality was stronger among men with lower education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study compared the effects of High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on blood lactate clearance. 21 adult males were equally and randomly assigned to the HIIT and MICT groups, and completed 8 weeks of training. Before the training intervention, after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of training, all subjects were tested for blood lactate levels between 0 and 55 min after the same high-intensity test. The results show that after 8 weeks, blood lactate levels were significantly lower than pre-tests in both the HIIT and MICT groups at "0-55 min" after high-intensity test ( p < 0.05), and the blood lactate clearance percentage at15-min and 30-min in both groups were significantly higher than the pre-tests ( P < 0.01). The blood lactate levels in the HIIT group were significantly lower than those in the MICT group at 15 min and 30 min after test ( P < 0.05), and the blood lactate clearance percentage at 30 min in the HIIT group was significantly higher than those in the MICT group ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, both HIIT and MICT enhance blood lactate clearance in adult males post high-intensity test, with HIIT demonstrating superior effectiveness, making it a viable alternative to MICT., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Xie, Mao and Wang.)

Background: Adolescent girls and young women across sub-Saharan Africa are at disproportionate risk of HIV infection compared to their male counterparts. Transactional sex has been identified as an important proximate risk for infection in this population. Definitions and measures of transactional sex vary, necessitating improved measures to better estimate prevalence across settings, over time, and to understand the mechanisms through which transactional sex increases HIV risk. This article describes the results of cognitive interviews in rural KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa to evaluate the performance of an improved measure of transactional sex. Methods: Data were collected between May and June 2017 with sexually active adolescent girls and young women (n = 10) and men (n = 10) drawn from a general population sample. Two questions were tested. Audio-recorded interviews were conducted in isiZulu using a structured tool. Matrices were used to summarise the data across participants which were then compared using constant comparative techniques. Results: Participants captured the instrumental nature of transactional sex relationships clearly and understood that the questions were about relationships that were primarily motivated by benefit. However, despite prior qualitative research in this setting describing transactional sex as widely practised, only one male participant answered either question in the affirmative in this face-to-face interview. This implies a judgement placed on relationships that are deemed as having been motivated mainly by exchange, perhaps compelling people to under-report such relationships. Conclusion: Participants' unwillingness to answer in the affirmative highlights the importance of understanding the research context and the possible social and historical influences which may influence how survey questions are answered. This has implications for measurement development, and highlights the need for measures that can be responsive to contextual differences. Further research is needed for refinements to measurement approaches in this and other settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ambulatory mobility aids are several devices the elderly may use in order to improve their walking pattern, balance, or safety while mobilizing independently., Objectives: To assess the effect of ambulatory mobility aid devices on cardiovascular parameters, walking speed, perceived exertion, and balance of older adult men., Methods: A sample of 156 old men was studied. Data were obtained through measurement of the participants' walking speed (distance covered/second), cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure), perceived exertion (difficulty or ease in breathing), and balance (ease in standing) after walking with and without the selected walking aid devices. Analysis was done to compare the effect of the walking aid devices on the selected dependent variables., Results: Results showed ambulation with mobility aid devices resulted in increase in the heart rate and blood pressure with the greatest increase observed when walking with Zimmer frame. Ambulation with mobility aid devices resulted in decrease of the walking speed of the participants when compared to ambulation without devices. Perceived exertion of participants after using Zimmer frame and walking cane was within 4.06 ± 1.35 and 3.98 ± 1.26, respectively, as opposed to 3.08 ± 0.73 after ambulation without aid. Use of Zimmer frame provided enough balance for participants., Conclusion: Ambulatory mobility devices caused difference in cardiovascular parameters when compared to ambulation at rest and without aid. It was recommended that selection of ambulatory mobility aid devices should depend on objective mobility assessments and periodical re-evaluation to ensure that it suits a person's functional requirements and physical capabilities., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease that causes various limitations in the personal, family, and social life of the person suffering from it. Aim: It was intended to analyze the meaning attributed by a group of adult men to the experience of having diabetes mellitus type 2. Method: The methodology was qualitative with narrative design. The technique to collect information was a free interview. The group of participants consisted of four adult male parents diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2. Intentional sampling was used for the selection. The interviews were recorded in audio and transcribed. An inductive categorical analysis was performed using matrices. There, similarities and differences between participants were identified. Results: Among the findings, it is highlighted that the impact of the disease is presented in the personal, couple, family, and work environment. The main physical consequences are problems of vision, mobility, and insensitivity in lower limbs. On a psychological level feeling of sadness. Conclusions: The family plays a fundamental role in dealing with the disease since it constitutes a source of support in adherence to treatment. It was evident in the children of the participants a construction of meanings around the disease that minimizes its impact. The above has the potential risk for risk behaviors to be repeated in later generations.

Background and objective: This study aims to verify the role of humiliating events and their context in provoking suicide and the contribution of childhood parental maltreatment. Materials and methods: A family member of consecutive adult male suicides, aged between 18 and 53, was recruited at the Montreal coroner’s mortuary for a psychosocial autopsy interview (N = 63) and 7 others through the coroner-in-chief’s office. Live events were assessed with the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS) and parental maltreatment with the Child Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA) Interview. Results: Two thirds of the suicides presented most of the following factors: a separation from a partner, half of them involving the man’s intractable behavior, financial and marital difficulties, a diagnosis of substance use and/or personality disorder, a history of parental maltreatment and impulsivity. However, other subgroups of men suicide differed significantly from this portrait. Conclusions: Humiliation events and parental maltreatment are key factors of men’s suicide.

Masculinity is an important health determinant and has been studied as a risk factor for communicable diseases in the African context. This paper explores how hegemonic and complicit masculinities influence the lifestyle risk factors for noncommunicable diseases among men. A qualitative research method was used, where eight focus group discussions were conducted among adult men in Maseru, Lesotho. The data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Although the participants typically described taking responsibility as a key feature of what it meant to be a man in Lesotho, their reported behaviors and rationales indicated that men commonly abdicated responsibility for their health to women. Participants were aware of the negative effects of smoking on health and acknowledged the difficulty to stop smoking due to the addictive nature of the habit. The initiation of smoking was linked by participants to the need to be seen as a man, and then maintained as a way of distinguishing themselves from the feminine. Regarding harmful alcohol consumption, participants reported that stress, particularly in their relationships with women, were linked to the need to drink, as they reported limited outlets for emotional expression for men in Lesotho. On the subject of poor diet, the study found that most men were aware of the importance of vegetable consumption; the perceived lengthy preparation process meant they typically depended on women for such healthy food preparation. Almost all participants were aware of the increased susceptibility to diverse negative health effects from physical inactivity, but because of the physical nature of the work, those engaged in traditionally masculine occupations did not exercise. In the context of lifestyle risk factors for noncommunicable diseases, masculinity has positive and negative impacts. It is important to design health education programs targeting men to successfully mitigate the negative health impacts of masculinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare association of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) profile among firefighters (FF) at airport to suburban FF. Methods: Cross-sectional exploratory study, 47 men FF aged 18 to 62 years were enrolled from two fire departments in Ohio. Association between MetS outcome and log transformed serum concentrations of four PFASs was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. Results: PFASs serum concentrations were 18% to 74% higher in FF than the general population, and 21 % to 62% higher in airport FF than suburban FF. Compared with US general population, an elevated risk of hypertension was noted in FF, but no significant association between PFASs and MetS was found. Conclusions: Current serum PFASs in FF are not associated with MetS risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Men's alcohol consumption and casual sexual behavior peak in early adulthood. Although there is a strong positive association between these behaviors, most studies have utilized a between-subjects approach rather than a person-centered approach to assess this relationship. A person-centered approach allows for an examination of subgroups of drinkers that may differ in their casual sexual behaviors. To address this gap, secondary data analyses were conducted with two independent samples totaling 906 men between the ages of 18 and 29 from the Midwestern United States. In both studies, participants reported their alcohol expectancies and consumption, sexual behaviors, and sexual attitudes. Multiple group latent profile similarity analyses were conducted using the alcohol-related variables. Four similar profiles emerged in both samples; thus, the data were combined. Casual sex-related variables were then examined in relation to the profiles. The two lighter drinking groups differed from one another in their alcohol consumption and sexual attitudes; however, they did not differ in their alcohol expectancies or number of sex partners. The two heavier drinking groups differed from one another in their liquid courage expectancies, alcohol consumption, one-time-only partners, and sexual attitudes; however, they did not differ from each other in their sex-drive expectancies or lifetime partners. Person-centered approaches can be used to develop more tailored interventions, particularly for those at greater risk for the negative health consequences of engaging in sexual behavior with multiple one-time-only partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Given the high prevalence of thyroid nodules and the potential for malignancy, it is imperative to understand the various factors that contribute to their development. This study aimed to explore the relationship between metabolic syndrome, lifestyle, and thyroid nodules in adult men in southern China., Methods: This study enrolled a total of 183,990 subjects at a medical examination center in a general hospital in southern China between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome, lifestyle factors, and thyroid nodules. Furthermore, structural equation modeling elucidated the intricate relationships among these variables., Results: The prevalence of thyroid nodules among Chinese adult males was 14.9%. Several factors were identified as risk factors for thyroid nodules, including advanced age, irregular meal time, smoking or quitting smoking, quitting drinking, heavy manual labor, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and centripetal obesity, and those belonging to ethnic minorities and drinking alcohol were found to be protective factors against thyroid nodules. Structural equation modeling highlighted metabolic syndrome's mediating role amidst lifestyle influences on thyroid nodules., Conclusion: The prevalence of thyroid nodules in Chinese adult males is relatively moderate to low. The factors identified in this study can help clinicians identify high-risk patients and develop targeted screening strategies for the timely detection of thyroid nodules. However, further mechanistic research and longitudinal studies are necessary to explore the underlying causes and establish causal relationships.

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to analyze the health implication and control using an appropriate body mass index (BMI) cutoff for obesity among Korean civilian pilots, and its comparison to the Korean general adult men in 2015. A comparative study of a simple cross-section, nationally representative of the raw data from the medical examination of anthropometric measures among Korean civilian pilots (3,220) compared with those in adult men (2,450) (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015: KNHANES-VI-3) were used. We analyzed data regarding were obesity, with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 by the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) and Asian-specific being BMI cutoff point by the WHO Expert Consultation. The mean value of a BMI among civilian pilots was 24.6 kg/m2, and that in adult men was 24.4 kg/m2, respectively. When compared with the mean value of BMI of civilian pilots was significantly higher than that in adult men (P＜0.05). Moreover, the BMI values in both subjects tended to increase with the aging. Especially, BMI values of the elderly aviators in over 50-year-old groups were clearly showing a higher value than those in adult men (P＜0.01). The prevalence rate (PR) of obesity in civilian pilots was 36.8% and that in adult men was 39.6%, respectively. The PR of obesity in civilian pilots was significantly lower than that in adult men (P＜0.05). Additionally, the PR of obesity among civilian pilots aged 49 years or younger by age-specific groups were clearly showing a lower value than that in adult men (P＜0.01). However, the PR for the over 50-year-old groups in civilian pilots were higher than that in adult men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our aim was to compare the basal levels of plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and global histone H4 acetylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy amateur runners (EXE group) with sedentary individuals (SED group) as well as to investigate the acute effect of a running race on these markers in the EXE group. Five days before the race, all participants were submitted to a basal blood collection. On the race day, two blood samples were collected in the EXE group before the running started and immediately at the end. In the basal period, a significant increase of plasma BDNF levels in the EXE individuals when compared to the SED group ( p = 0.036) was demonstrated, while no difference in global histone H4 acetylation levels was observed. These parameters were unaltered in the EXE group after the race. The increased levels of BDNF might be linked to healthy middle-aged runners' phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to understand the coping strategies used by men with Adult Onset Epileptic Seizures (AOES) following elective neurosurgery, and in particular, how those adaptive skills relate to their subjective wellbeing (SWB). Open-ended qualitative interviews were conducted with five men with a history of neurosurgery for AOES (aged 34–59). The interview data was thematically analysed utilising interpretive phenomenological analysis. The findings indicated that the men experienced significant role marginalisation by family and co-workers, and also poor communication provided by health care professionals. They reported a higher sense of SWB with the use of ego-buffering strategies, such as positive reframing, threat minimisation, emotional self-acceptance and engaging in wish-fulfilling fantasies. Self-blame led to lower SWB. Findings imply that agentic behaviour is important to successful living with AOES following neurosurgery. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

INTRODUCTION: Cancer of prostate is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly male population in both developed and developing countries of the world. Deaths recorded from prostate cancer cases have been complicated by under-reporting and by cases that have not been diagnosed due to poor awareness on the part of individuals. Treatment modalities for prostate cancer are complex, and the prognosis of untreated or inadequately managed cases is often usually poor, especially in developing countries. AIM: To assess the awareness regarding prostate cancer among adultmen & to find association with selective socio demographic variables. MATERIAL & METHODS: Present descriptive study was conducted on 100 subjects through convenient sampling by utilizing a pre-tested12 items questionnaire to collect information about awareness of prostate cancer. Informed consent was sought from all who accepted to participate. Subjects were selected as per inclusion & exclusion criteria. RESULTS: Less than half subjects i.e. 41% were from age group 40-50 years. Maximum 84% were secondary educated and more than half subjects, 71% were working. Majority of subjects 89% subjects were married and 57 % belongs to rural community while half 50% were consuming vegetarian food. Regarding awareness of prostate cancer, more than half subjects 51% could not identify location of prostate gland but 55% were aware about dribbling, leaking and urgency as early warning sign of prostate while 53% were not selected need to urinate frequently at night as sign of prostate cancer. Approximately less than half subjects 43%were aware about common disorders of prostate as acute renal failure and glomerulonephritis and selected race and age as risk factor for prostate cancer whereas 38% selected painful urination as first warning sign of prostate cancer. Most of subjects 72% were not agree that groin pain could be sign of prostate cancer affecting bones and 64% were not agree as medication can alter development of prostate cancer. 55% selected surgery as treatment option for prostate cancer. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that an aggressive health promotion intervention need to be designed to increase awareness and to correct impressions about prostate cancer in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to healthy and affordable diet hinged on the realization of Sustainable Development Goal 2, higher productivity and, economic prosperity while it is difficult for a poorly nourished people to achieve optimum production of goods and services. This study assessed whether dietary diversity (DD) and nutritional status of adult men are associated with crop commercialization index (CCI) levels of agricultural households in two states of Southwestern Nigeria. This research utilized 352 farm households, comprising 277 adult male members. The individual version of dietary diversity score (DDS) of 9 food groups was used to calculate adult men's DDS over a 24-h recall. Anthropometric data was obtained using body mass index (BMI) while CCI levels was estimated for each agricultural household. Logistic regression and ordered logit models were used to examine the determinants of adult men's dietary diversity and nutritional status respectively. Hundred percent of adult men consumed starchy staples, with 11.2% consuming egg, 5.8% milk and milk products and 0.4% consuming organ meat over 24-h recall. Adult men of CCI 2 and CCI 4 agricultural households recorded overweight prevalence of >20% in Ogun state while the association between DDS and CCI was statistically insignificant suggesting that being a member of any of the CCI households may not guarantee the consumption of healthy diets among adult men. From Logit regression analysis, it is more likely for adult men with higher farm size to attain the minimum DDS of 4 food groups than those with smaller size of farmland (OR = 4.78; 95% CI: 1.94, 11.76; p = 0.001). The age, farm experience, and cassava marketing experience were positively related to the likelihood of obtaining the minimum DDS. For adult men to achieve a healthy diet, their diet pattern must incorporate a more diversified intake of food from different food groups capable of improving their nutritional status. This study emphasized the need for relevant stakeholders to provide adequate nutrition knowledge intervention programmes capable of improving the diets and nutrition of adult men and other members of farm households., Competing Interests: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Abstract: Viewing idealized images has been shown to reduce men''s body satisfaction; however no research has examined the impact of music video clips. This was the first study to examine the effects of exposure to muscular images in music clips on men''s body image, mood and cognitions. Ninety men viewed 5min of clips containing scenery, muscular or average-looking singers, and completed pre- and posttest measures of mood and body image. Appearance schema activation was also measured. Men exposed to the muscular clips showed poorer posttest levels of anger, body and muscle tone satisfaction compared to men exposed to the scenery or average clips. No evidence of schema activation was found, although potential problems with the measure are noted. These preliminary findings suggest that even short term exposure to music clips can produce negative effects on men''s body image and mood. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: This paper attempts to answer the following question: are there any gradients and social differences in a group of adult men coming from Pomerania Province resulting from their biological condition -- body height. Material/Methods: Opinion polls were conducted in the years 2000-2007 in a group of 893 men aged 37-78 years. The subjects are fathers of first-year students of full-time studies at the Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport (Poland). The questionnaire included open questions concerning the date and the place of birth, body height, education, performed job, social background and doing sport. Statistical analyses were conducted using Statistica 6.0 software. For continuous variables, the normality of distributions was verified using Shapiro-Wilk's test. In cases of abnormal distributions, medians were used and the differences between them were tested using the Mann-Whitney test or the Kruskal-Wallis test. The correlation link between quantitative variables was estimated calculating the Spearman rankorder correlation coefficient. Changes of specific values of the feature into an appropriate rank were made when the distribution of the variable did not have a normal character. Results: The correlation between the level of physical activity and body height in the adult age does not reach the level of statistical relevance. The highest values of body height are achieved by younger men coming from cities who have the intelligentsia background with higher education and perform intellectual jobs. Conclusions: Differentiated body height is an anthropological reflection of still existing socio-economic inequalities and still can be one of the anthropological methods of following social inequalities in a group of adult men coming from the Pomerania Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Male victims of adult sexual assault (ASA) are understudied as compared with female victims. Further, commonly-held myths about sexual assault suggest that men cannot be victims or that, if men are victims, they are relatively physically and emotionally unharmed by sexual assault. The goal of this paper was to systematically review the empirical literature on ASA among men to evaluate the veracity of these myths. This paper also sought to examine the methodological quality of the body of research in this area, identify limitations and gaps in the current literature, and suggest directions for future research. Eighty-seven relevant studies were identified through a systematic review of the literature. The reported prevalence of men''s sexual aggression varied widely depending on the methods used and the population studied; some populations (e.g., veterans, prison inmates, and gay and bisexual men) reported higher rates of ASA than men in the general population. Few studies have systematically examined the consequences of male ASA; however, those that have suggest that ASA can have notable adverse physical and psychological consequences for some men. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We previously reported that carbohydrate restriction (CR) (10–15% en) during a weight loss intervention lowered plasma triglycerides (TG) by 45% in male subjects (P<.001). However, those subjects with a higher intake of cholesterol provided by eggs (640 mg additional cholesterol, EGG group) had higher concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P<.0001) than the individuals consuming lower amounts (0 mg of additional cholesterol, SUB group). The objectives of the present study were to evaluate whether CR and egg intake (1) modulate circulating carotenoids and (2) affect the concentrations of plasma apolipoproteins (apo), lipoprotein size and subfraction distribution. CR decreased the number of large and medium very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol subclasses (P<.001), while small low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were reduced (P<.001). In agreement with these observations, a decrease in apo B (P<.01) was observed. In addition, CR resulted in a 133% increase in apo C-II and a 65% decrease in apo C-III (P<.0001). Although an increase of the larger LDL subclass was observed for all subjects, the EGG group had a greater increase (P<.05). The EGG group also presented a higher number of large HDL particles (P<.01) compared to the SUB group. Regarding carotenoids, CR resulted in no changes in dietary or plasma α- or β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin, while there was a significant reduction in both dietary and plasma lycopene (P<.001). In contrast, dietary lutein and zeaxanthin were increased during the intervention (P<.05). However, only those subjects from the EGG group presented higher concentrations of these two carotenoids in plasma, which were correlated with the higher concentrations of large LDL observed in the EGG group. These results indicate that CR favorably alters VLDL metabolism and apolipoprotein concentrations, while the components of the egg yolk favor the formation of larger LDL and HDL leading to an increase in plasma lutein and zeaxanthin. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study examines differences in body dissatisfaction among gay and heterosexual men. Specifically, media, peer influence, and self-esteem are explored as potential variables in understanding these differences. Fifty-four Caucasian heterosexual males and eighty-two Caucasian gay males between the ages of eighteen and seventy-three participated in this study. The main findings of the current study are (a) gay men reported significantly more body dissatisfaction than heterosexual men; (b) significantly more men report a desire to lose weight than to gain weight, with gay men reporting a significantly smaller ideal weight than heterosexual men; (c) the magnitude of the relationship between self-esteem and body dissatisfaction was not significantly different for gay and heterosexual men; (d) media influence was more strongly related to body dissatisfaction and self-esteem for gay men than for heterosexual men; and (e) the magnitude of the relationship between weight-related peer teasing and self-esteem was stronger for gay males than for heterosexual males. Implications and directions for future research are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the penile size and its correlation with somatometric parameters in physically normal Iranian adult men. To do this, a random sample of 1500 normal men aged between 20 and 40 years underwent tape measurements of penile dimensions in the stretched state under the same condition. The mean total penile length was 11.58±1.45 cm, the mean glanular length was 3.04±0.33 cm and the mean girth was 8.66±1.01 cm. Multivariate regression analysis showed that penile dimensions are significantly correlated with age (P=0.018), height (P<0.001) and index finger length (P<0.001). This analysis provided no evidence for significant effect of waist/hip ratio and weight on penile dimensions. As the penile augmentation is still in its experimental stage and its indications have not yet been clearly established, providing standardized data on penile dimensions seems to be necessary to make convenient decisions in the counseling and/or treatment of people with short penis concerns.International Journal of Impotence Research (2007) 19, 303–309. doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901532; published online 7 December 2006 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A physically active lifestyle has many well-documented benefits. However, we are witnessing an epidemic of sedentary behaviour. Voluntary physical activity, i.e. recreational physical activity, has thus assumed central importance in satisfying the physical activity needs of humans. In order to tailor intervention programmes more individually, a 38-item questionnaire was designed to acquire information on how adult men spend their free time. The goal was to see if any grouping criteria may induce the grouping of the members of a wide male population into certain sub-population groups with recognizable demographic, social and material characteristics, particular health-related issues and specific attitudes towards free time and the way of spending it. The sample was comprised of 319 adult healthy men, from 19 to 67 years of age, from Central Bosnia. The cluster analysis, a method of multivariate hierarchical grouping with Euclidian distances, was used. Six distinct clusters were obtained: first cluster -- 18 % of subjects, age 36.2 yrs, most married, positively oriented towards physically active lifestyle, scarcely take medication, no health-related discomforts; second cluster -- 35 % of subjects, age 38.6 yrs, married, several children, would like to be more physically active because they are informed about the importance of exercise, but they are not very active and their discomforts are rather pronounced; third cluster -- 9 % of subjects, age 28.9 yrs, no marital or parental obligations, not physically active with negative attitudes towards an active lifestyle, under high stress, but feel no discomforts; fourth cluster -- 25 % of subjects, age 36.5 yrs, married, a smaller number of children, moderate values in all variables, except for the variables of health discomforts: the value is the highest in the entire sample; fifth cluster -- 6 % of subjects, age 45.5 yrs, the oldest in the sample, married, have many children, physical activity is not important to them, they hardly feel any discomforts probably due to the many medications they take; sixth cluster -- 7 % of subjects, age 24.8 yrs, no marital or parental obligations, not satisfied either with job no income, no prescribed medication and satisfied with their health status, but unexpectedly very high levels of reported health discomforts. Adequate intervention recreational and sporting activity programmes are proposed in accordance to the features of each cluster. Generally, a lack of information about the crucial role of a physically active lifestyle was observed throughout the clusters, as well as evident passive, consuming-absorbed attitudes towards free time. The previously active athletes in the third cluster were the only exception. The study has provided preliminary evidence for feasibility and value of using a cluster method approach to the identification of typologies of the adult male population. Much effort of expert kinesiologists, and of the broader community and mass media as well, must be invested in the promotion of physical activity, education for active and self-responsible living and in intervention strategies for changing the state of passivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Historically, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was used in northern Thailand for malaria control and farming purposes. Several studies have investigated its effects on end points of adverse reproductive health outcomes. However, the few previous studies investigated hormonal effects in men and available data are inconclusive. The authors aimed to explore the main hypothesis that plasma DDT levels in adult men were associated with reproductive hormone levels. A cross-sectional study was performed of 97 adult men living in a highland village named Mae Sa Mai, 35 km north of Chiang Mai, Thailand. Venous blood samples were collected for measuring plasma levels of DDT and its metabolites and reproductive hormones, including 17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-di(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p′-DDE) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-di(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p′-DDT) were detected in all plasma samples. p,p′-DDE had the highest level with a median of 4057.7 ng/g lipids and a relatively higher level compared with most other studies. Plasma p,p′-DDT levels were positively associated with years of residence (β+SE=0.472+0.208, P =0.028) and years of DDT usage for farming (β+SE=0.177+0.084, P =0.04). The remarkable findings were the negative association of plasma E2 levels with plasma p,p′-DDE levels (β+SE=−7.093+2.899, P =0.016) and the positive association with plasma 1,1-dichloro-2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophynyl)ethylene (o,p′-DDE) levels (β+SE=16.381+5.596, P =0.008) after adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI). However, these associations were rather weak. Our results suggest that these associations may reflect their different mechanisms of hormonal activities and they would be warrant further detail investigations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective:Animal studies show that the leptin decline after acute severe caloric restriction is a peripheral signal to increase food intake. However, most human studies have failed to observe such a relationship. We studied the acute effects of severe caloric restriction on the association between serum leptin concentrations and subjective appetite.Subjects:A total of 44 healthy adult men (aged: 43±5 years; BMI: 27.3±3.2 kg/m2).Measurements:Fasting serum leptin concentrations and self-perceived appetite levels were measured during a 4-day diet containing 36% of the estimated energy requirements. Appetite levels were assessed with a 10-point Likert scale, reflecting hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective consumption and total appetite.Results:After the 4-day energy deficit, fasting leptin concentrations decreased by 39.4% (95% CI: −43.6; −34.9%). This decline was associated with an increase in fasting hunger (r=−0.42; P<0.01), desire to eat (r=−0.39; P<0.05) and total appetite (r=−0.38; P<0.05). Furthermore, the association between fasting leptin concentrations and fasting appetite levels became stronger during the energy restriction period (for total appetite: day 0 r=−0.15, P=0.32; day 2 r=−0.31, P=<0.05; day 4 r=−0.41, P<0.01).Conclusions:The acute proportional reduction in fasting leptin after 4-day energy restriction is associated with an increase in self-perceived appetite. Additionally, the inverse association between proportional fasting leptin concentrations and self-perceived appetite response becomes stronger as energy restriction is prolonged. These findings suggest that leptin has an instrumental role in restoring energy balance in humans through the expression of appetite.International Journal of Obesity (2006) 30, 122–128. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803070; published online 13 September 2005 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]