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ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONCOVID-19 Vaccination and new onset glomerular disease: Results from the IRocGN2 International registryWaldman, Meryl1,a; Sinaii, Ninet2; Lerma, Edgar V.3; Kurien, Anila Abraham4; Jhaveri, Kenar D.5; Uppal, Nupur N.5; Wanchoo, Rimda5; Avasare, Rupali6; Jonathan E, Zuckerman7; Liew, Adrian8; Gallan, Alexander J9; El-Meanawy, Ashraf10; Yagil, Yoram11; Lebedev, Larissa11; Baskaran, Krishoban12,13; Vilayur, Eswari12; Seung, Adrienne Wai12; Weerasinghe, Nethmi12; Petrakis, Ioannis14; Stylianou, Kostas15; Gakiopoulou, Hariklia16; Hamilton, Alexander J17; Edney, Naomi18; Millner, Rachel19; Marinaki, Smaragdi20; Rein, Joshua L21; Killen, John Paul22,23; Rodríguez Chagolla, Jose Manuel24; Bassil, Claude25; Lopez del Valle, Ramon26; Evans, Jordan27; Urisman, Anatoly28; Zawaideh, Mona29; Baxi, Pravir V.30; Rodby, Roger30; Vankalakunti, Mahesha31; Mejia Vilet, Juan M.32; Ramirez Andrade, Silvia E.33; Homan, Mal34; Jiménez, Enzo Vásquez35; Perinpanayagam, Natasha36; Carlos Q Velez, Juan37,38; Mohamed, Muner M.B.37,38; Mohammed, Khalid M.G39; Sekar, Arjun40; Ollila, Laura41; Aron, Abraham W42; Arellano Arteaga, Kevin Javier43; Islam, Mahmud44; Berrio, Esperanza Moral45; Maoujoud, Omar46; Morales, Rebecca Ruf47; Seipp, Regan48; Schulze, Carl E49; Yenchek, Robert H50; Vancea, Irina51; Muneeb, Muhammad52; Howard, Lilian1; Caza, Tiffany N53Author InformationKidney360 ():10.34067/KID.0006832022, December 16, 2022. | DOI: 10.34067/KID.0006832022OPENPAPMetricsAbstractBackground: Cases of de novo glomerular disease with various renal histologies have been reported after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Causality has not been established and the long-term outcomes are not known. To better characterize the glomerular diseases and clinical course/outcomes, we created the International Registry of COVID-19 vaccination and Glomerulonephritis (IRocGN2) to study in aggregate de novo glomerulonephritis cases suspected after COVID-19 vaccine exposure.:Methods: A RedCap survey was used for anonymized data collection. Detailed information on vaccination type and timing and glomerular disease histology were recorded in the registry. We collected serial information on laboratory values (before and after vaccination and during follow-up), treatments, and kidney-related outcomes.Results: Ninety-eight glomerular disease cases were entered into the registry over eleven months from 44 centers throughout the world. Median follow-up was 89 days after diagnosis. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and minimal change disease (MCD) were the most the common kidney diseases reported. Recovery of kidney function and remission of proteinuria was more likely in IgAN and MCD at 4-6 months than with pauci immune glomerulonephritis /vasculitis and membranous nephropathy.Conclusions: Development of glomerular disease after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 may be a very rare adverse event. Temporal association is present for IgAN and MCD, but causality is not firmly established. Kidney outcomes for IgAN and MCD are favorable. No changes in vaccination risk-benefit assessment is recommended based on these findings.

BackgroundUpdated information on the epidemiology of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is needed to ensure that adequate resources are available to meet current and future healthcare needs. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence and prevalence of AD.MethodsThe MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched from 1985 to 2012, as well as the reference lists of selected articles. Included articles had to provide an original population-based estimate for the incidence and/or prevalence of AD. Two individuals independently performed abstract and full-text reviews, data extraction and quality assessments. Random-effects models were employed to generate pooled estimates stratified by age, sex, diagnostic criteria, location (i.e., continent) and time (i.e., when the study was done).ResultsOf 16,066 abstracts screened, 707 articles were selected for full-text review. A total of 119 studies met the inclusion criteria. In community settings, the overall point prevalence of dementia due to AD among individuals 60+ was 40.2 per 1000 persons (CI95%: 29.1-55.6), and pooled annual period prevalence was 30.4 per 1000 persons (CI95%: 15.6-59.1). In community settings, the overall pooled annual incidence proportion of dementia due to AD among individuals 60+ was 34.1 per 1000 persons (CI95%: 16.4-70.9), and the incidence rate was 15.8 per 1000 person-years (CI95%: 12.9-19.4). Estimates varied significantly with age, diagnostic criteria used and location (i.e., continent).ConclusionsThe burden of AD dementia is substantial. Significant gaps in our understanding of its epidemiology were identified, even in a high-income country such as Canada. Future studies should assess the impact of using such newer clinical diagnostic criteria for AD dementia such as those of the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer’s Association and/or incorporate validated biomarkers to confirm the presence of Alzheimer pathology to produce more precise estimates of the global burden of AD.

This article presents two studies investigating how computer interface affordances influence basic cognition, including ideational fluency, problem solving, and inferential reasoning. In one study comparing interfaces with different input capabilities, students expressed 56% more nonlinguistic representations (diagrams, symbols, numbers) when using pen interfaces. A linear regression confirmed that nonlinguistic communication directly mediated a substantial increase (38.5%) in students' ability to produce appropriate science ideas. In contrast, students expressed 41% more linguistic content when using a keyboard-based interface, which mediated a drop in science ideation. A follow-up study pursued the question of how interfaces that prime nonlinguistic communication so effectively facilitate cognition. This study examined the relation between students' expression of nonlinguistic representations and their inference accuracy when using analogous digital and non-digital pen tools. Perhaps surprisingly, the digital pen interface stimulated construction of more diagrams, more correct Venn diagrams, and more accurate domain inferences. Students' construction of multiple diagrams to represent a problem also directly suppressed overgeneralization errors, which were the most common inference failure. These research results reveal that computer interfaces have communications affordances which elicit communication patterns that can substantially stimulate or impede basic cognition. Implications are discussed for designing new digital tools for thinking, with an emphasis on nonlinguistic and especially spatial representations that are most poorly supported by current keyboard-based interfaces.

From a theoretical viewpoint, educational interfaces that facilitate communicative actions involving representations central to a domain can maximize students’ effort associated with constructing new schemas. In addition, interfaces that minimize working memory demands due to the interface per se, for example by mimicking existing non-digital work practice, can preserve students’ attentional focus on their learning task. In this research, we asked the question: What type of interface input capabilities provide best support for science problem solving in both low- and high-performing students? High school students’ ability to solve a diverse range of biology problems was compared over longitudinal sessions while they used: (1) hardcopy paper and pencil (2) a digital paper and pen interface (3) pen tablet interface, and (4) graphical tablet interface. Post-test evaluations revealed that time to solve problems, meta-cognitive control, solution correctness, and memory all were significantly enhanced when using the digital pen and paper interface, compared with tablet interfaces. The tangible pen and paper interface also was the only alternative that significantly facilitated skill acquisition in low-performing students. Paradoxically, all students nonetheless believed that the tablet interfaces provided best support for their performance, revealing a lack of self-awareness about how to use computational tools to best advantage. Implications are discussed for how pen interfaces can be optimized for future educational purposes, and for establishing technology fluency curricula to improve students’ awareness of the impact of digital tools on their performance.

One aim of multimodal learning analytics is to analyze rich natural communication modalities to identify domain expertise and learning rapidly and reliably. In this research, written and multimodal representations are analyzed from the Math Data Corpus, which involves multimodal data (digital pen, speech, images) on collaborating students as they solve math problems. Findings reveal that in 96-97% of cases the correctness of a group's solution was predictable in advance based on students' written work content. In addition, a linear regression revealed that 65% of the variance in individual students' domain expertise rankings could be accounted for based on their written work content. A multimodal content analysis based on both written and spoken input correctly predicted the dominant domain expert in a group 100% of the time, exceeding unimodal prediction rates. Further analysis revealed a reversal between experts and non-experts in the percentage of time that a match versus mismatch was present between their oral and written answer contributions, with non-experts demonstrating higher mismatches. Implications are discussed for developing reliable multimodal learning analytics systems that incorporate digital pen input to automatically track consolidation of domain expertise.