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Introdução: A obesidade é um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública no mundo, atingindo pessoas de todas as faixas etárias e classes econômicas. Nesse cenário, o uso de fitoterápicos como estratégia para a perda de peso vem crescendo, principalmente pelo fácil acesso. Objetivo: avaliar o perfil dos indivíduos que já usaram fitoterápicos para emagrecimento, como ocorreu a prescrição, quais as variedades mais utilizadas, reações adversas, associação com outras estratégias e resultados alcançados. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal com 102 voluntários, realizado por meio de questionário adaptado, disponibilizado online nas redes sociais. Discussão e resultados: predominância de 87,3% de mulheres, média de idade de 39 (±10,5) anos. No aspecto nutricional, 71,6% apresentaram excesso de peso e 95,1% estão insatisfeitos com o corpo. 77% fizeram uso de fitoterápicos por iniciativa própria, sendo o chá verde, o hibisco e a cavalinha os mais utilizados; 25,5% apresentaram reação adversa e 68,6% emagreceram durante o uso. A escolaridade (p=0,006), a prática de atividade física (p=0,035) e a adoção de dieta alimentar (p=0,0003) foram variáveis que mostraram significância quando associadas estatisticamente com a variável emagrecimento. Conclusão: a maioria dos participantes se encontra com excesso de peso, mesmo após o uso de fitoterápicos. A associação entre a atividade física e a dieta alimentar com a variável emagrecimento foi um achado que reforça a importância da mudança de hábitos para uma perda de peso sustentável, tendo fitoterápicos como coadjuvantes e sempre prescritos por profissional da saúde.

Microalgae's ability to mitigate flue gas is an attractive technology that can valorize gas components through biomass conversion. However, tolerance and growth must be ideal; therefore, acclimation strategies are suggested. Here, we compared the transcriptome and lipidome of Desmodesmus abundans strains acclimated to high CO2 (HCA) and low CO2 (LCA) under continuous supply of model flue gas (MFG) and incomplete culture medium (BG11-N-S). Initial growth and nitrogen consumption from MFG were superior in strain HCA, reaching maximum productivity a day before strain LCA. However, similar productivities were attained at the end of the run, probably because maximum photobioreactor capacity was reached. RNA-seq analysis during exponential growth resulted in 16,435 up-regulated and 4,219 down-regulated contigs in strain HCA compared to LCA. Most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were related to nucleotides, amino acids, C fixation, central carbon metabolism, and proton pumps. In all pathways, a higher number of up-regulated contigs with a greater magnitude of change were observed in strain HCA. Also, cellular component GO terms of chloroplast and photosystems, N transporters, and secondary metabolic pathways of interest, such as starch and triacylglycerols (TG), exhibited this pattern. RT-qPCR confirmed N transporters expression. Lipidome analysis showed increased glycerophospholipids in strain HCA, while LCA exhibited glycerolipids. Cell structure and biomass composition also revealed strains differences. HCA possessed a thicker cell wall and presented a higher content of pigments, while LCA accumulated starch and lipids, validating transcriptome and lipidome data. Overall, results showed significant differences between strains, where characteristic features of adaptation and tolerance to high CO2 might be related to the capacity to maintain a higher flux of internal C, regulate intracellular acidification, active N transporters, and synthesis of essential macromolecules for photosynthetic growth.

Rosa Beltrán es una de las escritoras más interesantes y elaboradas de la literatura contemporánea. Su narrativa explora presente y pasado a través de las voces de los miembros de una sociedad que se enfrenta a los retos de un mundo posmoderno, capitalista y lleno de violencia. En su última novela, Radicales libres (Alfaguara, 2021) aborda esto en un recorrido por 60 años de la historia de México y los Estados Unidos, para ello utiliza estrategias narrativas que nos llevan de un “yo” individual a un “nosotros” colectivo. Este trabajo explora algunas de estas estrategias.

Abstract Background Childhood obesity is a serious public health concern that confers a greater risk of developing important comorbidities such as MetS and T2DM. Recent studies evidence that gut microbiota may be a contributing factor; however, only few studies exist in school-age children. Understanding the potential role of gut microbiota in MetS and T2DM pathophysiology from early stages of life might contribute to innovative gut microbiome-based interventions that may improve public health. The main objective of the present study was to characterize and compare gut bacteria of T2DM and MetS children against control subjects and determine which microorganisms might be potentially related with cardiometabolic risk factors to propose gut microbial biomarkers that characterize these conditions for future development of pre-diagnostic tools. Results Stool samples from 21 children with T2DM, 25 with MetS, and 20 controls (n = 66) were collected and processed to conduct 16S rDNA gene sequencing. α- and β-diversity were studied to detect microbial differences among studied groups. Spearman correlation was used to analyze possible associations between gut microbiota and cardiometabolic risk factors, and linear discriminant analyses (LDA) were conducted to determine potential gut bacterial biomarkers. T2DM and MetS showed significant changes in their gut microbiota at genus and family level. Read relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Oscillospora was significantly higher in MetS and an increasing trend of Prevotella and Dorea was observed from the control group towards T2DM. Positive correlations were found between Prevotella, Dorea, Faecalibacterium, and Lactobacillus with hypertension, abdominal obesity, high glucose levels, and high triglyceride levels. LDA demonstrated the relevance of studying least abundant microbial communities to find specific microbial communities that were characteristic of each studied health condition. Conclusions Gut microbiota was different at family and genus taxonomic levels among controls, MetS, and T2DM study groups within children from 7 to 17 years old, and some communities seemed to be correlated with relevant subjects’ metadata. LDA helped to find potential microbial biomarkers, providing new insights regarding pediatric gut microbiota and its possible use in the future development of gut microbiome-based predictive algorithms.

Gut metagenome in pediatric subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been poorly studied, despite an alarming worldwide increase in the prevalence and incidence of obesity and MetS within this population. The objective of this study was to characterize the gut microbiome taxonomic composition of Mexican pediatric subjects with MetS and T2DM using shotgun metagenomics and analyze the potential relationship with metabolic changes and proinflammatory effects. Paired-end reads of fecal DNA samples were obtained through the Illumina HiSeq X Platform. Statistical analyses and correlational studies were conducted using gut microbiome data and metadata from all individuals. Gut microbial dysbiosis was observed in MetS and T2DM children compared to healthy subjects, which was characterized by an increase in facultative anaerobes (i.e., enteric and lactic acid bacteria) and a decrease in strict anaerobes (i.e., Erysipelatoclostridium, Shaalia, and Actinomyces genera). This may cause a loss of gut hypoxic environment, increased gut microbial nitrogen metabolism, and higher production of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. These metabolic changes may trigger the activation of proinflammatory activity and impair the host's intermediate metabolism, leading to a possible progression of the characteristic risk factors of MetS and T2DM, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and an increased abdominal circumference. Furthermore, specific viruses (Jiaodavirus genus and Inoviridae family) showed positive correlations with proinflammatory cytokines involved in these metabolic diseases. This study provides novel evidence for the characterization of MetS and T2DM pediatric subjects in which the whole gut microbial composition has been characterized. Additionally, it describes specific gut microorganisms with functional changes that may influence the onset of relevant health risk factors.

Wounding induces phenolic biosynthesis in broccoli. However, there is scarce information about the physiological and molecular mechanisms governing this stress response. In the present study, a chemical-genetics approach was used to elucidate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) as stress-signaling molecules in the wound-induced phenolic biosynthesis in broccoli. Wounding activated the biosynthesis of ET and JA. Likewise, the wound-induced biosynthesis of ET and JA was regulated by ROS. JA activated primary metabolism, whereas the three signaling molecules activated phenylpropanoid metabolism. The signaling molecules inhibited the wound-induced activation of the hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HQT) gene, which is involved in caffeoylquinic acids biosynthesis, and the main phenolics accumulated in wounded broccoli, suggesting that an alternative caffeoylquinic biosynthesis pathway is activated in the tissue due to wounding. ROS mediated the biosynthesis of most individual phenolic compounds evaluated. In conclusion, ROS, ET, and JA are essential in activating broccoli’s primary and secondary metabolism, resulting in phenolic accumulation.

Lakes in subtropical regions are highly susceptible to eutrophication due to the heavy rainfall, which causes significant runoff of pollutants (e.g., nutrients) to reach surface waters, altering the water quality and influencing the microbial communities that regulate the biogeochemical cycles within these ecosystems. Lake Cajititlán is a shallow, subtropical, and endorheic lake in western Mexico. Nutrient pollution from agricultural activity and wastewater discharge have affected the lake’s water quality, leading the reservoir to a hypereutrophic state, resulting in episodes of fish mortality during the rainy season. This study investigated the temporal dynamics of bacterial communities within Lake Cajititlán and their genes associated with the nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and carbon biogeochemical cycles during the rainy season, as well as the influences of physicochemical and environmental variables on such dynamics. Significant temporal variations were observed in the composition of bacterial communities, of which Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas were the dominant genera. The climatological parameters that were most correlated with the bacterial communities and their functional profiles were pH, DO, ORP, turbidity, TN, EC, NH4+, and NO3–. The bacterial communities displayed variations in their functional composition for nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur metabolisms during the sampling months. The bacterial communities within the lake are highly susceptible to nutrient loads and low DO levels during the rainy season. Bacterial communities had a higher relative abundance of genes associated with denitrification, nitrogen fixation, assimilatory sulfate reduction, cysteine, SOX system, and all phosphorus metabolic pathways. The results obtained here enrich our understanding of the bidirectional interactions between bacterial communities and major biogeochemical processes in eutrophic subtropical lakes.

Avocado fruit contains lipid derivatives with antimicrobial properties called acetogenins. In this study, antimicrobial spectrum of purified acetogenins was characterized. Additionally, eight Gram-positive bacteria were exposed to commercial food preservatives (Nisaplin® and Mirenat®) for comparison. Acetogenins were also added to a food system containing meat, inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes and stored at 20°C and 4°C. Avocado seed extract (Avosafe®) contained 71.3% w/w total acetogenins, its main components were AcO-avocadene and persenone A (22.05 ± 1.84 and 20.14 ± 1.40% w/w, respectively). Avosafe® (15 µg disc−1) inhibited Gram-positive bacteria, with higher efficacy towards spore-formers (Clostridium sporogenes, C. perfringens, Bacillus subtilis, and Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius). Acetogenins’ inhibition zones were 2–4 times higher compared to Nisaplin® and Mirenat® for Gram-positive bacteria, except for Staphylococcus aureus. During refrigerated storage (4°C, 72 d), Avosafe® inhibited L. monocytogenes completely; decreasing initial 3-log inoculum to undetectable levels within 3 h, and maintaining the effect to completion.

Lake Cajititlán is a small, shallow, subtropical lake located in an endorheic basin in western Mexico. It is characterized by a strong seasonality of climate with pronounced wet and dry seasons and has been classified as a hypereutrophic lake. This eutrophication was driven by improperly treated sewage discharges from four municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and by excessive agricultural activities, including the overuse of fertilizers that reach the lake through surface runoff during the rainy season. This nutrient rich runoff has caused algal blooms, which have led to anoxic or hypoxic conditions, resulting in large-scale fish deaths that have occurred during or immediately after the rainy season. This study investigated the changes in the phytoplankton community in Lake Cajititlán during the rainy season and the association between these changes and the physicochemical water quality and environmental parameters measured in the lake’s basin. Planktothrix and Cylindrospermopsis were the dominant genera of the cyanobacterial community, while the Chlorophyceae, Chrysophyceae, and Trebouxiophyceae classes dominated the microalgae community. However, the results showed a significant temporal shift in the phytoplankton communities in Lake Cajititlán induced by the rainy season. The findings of this study suggest that significant climatic variations cause high seasonal surface runoff and rapid changes in the water quality (Chlorophyll-a, DO, NH4+, and NO3–) and in variations in the composition of the phytoplankton community. Finally, an alternation between phosphorus and nitrogen limitation was observed in Lake Cajititlán during the rainy season, clearly correlating to the presence of Planktothrix when the lake was limited by phosphorus and to the presence of Cylindrospermopsis when the lake was limited by nitrogen. The evidence presented in this study supports the idea that the death of fish in Lake Cajititlán could be mainly caused by anoxia, caused by rapid changes in water quality during the rainy season. Based on our review of the literature, this is the first study on the phytoplankton community in a subtropical lake during the rainy season using high throughput 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

Harsh environmental conditions in drylands force plants and their associated microbial communities to adapt to abiotic stresses. In semi-arid environments, climatic conditions and poor agricultural management have a strong impact on plant yield and thus, enhancing soil fertility by means of beneficial microorganisms such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been proposed as part of sustainable agricultural management. As drylands will increase due to climate change, studying microbial community dynamics of crops under such conditions is crucial as it might favor rhizobacteria adapted to drought. While the microbiome of many native dryland crops has been characterized, the microbial community composition from non-native crops under semi-arid environmental conditions is understudied. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the bacterial community associated with the roots of three crops with different growth cycles, cultivated in the same semi-arid environment, to understand their microbial community composition during the season with the highest temperature in northeast Mexico. We performed high throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene from root samples of Pequin pepper, soybean and orange trees. Classified taxa were evaluated according to crop, sampling time and climatological parameters. Our findings revealed that changes in temporal dynamics of microbial communities correlate with environmental temperature. Moreover, the microbial community of pepper was more diverse and differed from that of soybean and orange. Regarding PGPR, 47.6% of the genera were shared among crops with a high relative abundance of Bacillus, but we also detected crop-specific microbial associations where Serratia was specific to orange trees and Rhodobacter to pepper. When analyzing PGPR in correlation to climatological parameters, Bacillus was found to thrive under lower precipitation rates, higher temperatures and higher evaporation rates in pepper and orange. In contrast, some PGPR commonly used in commercial biofertilizers such as Rhizobium and Azospirillum were affected by high temperatures. This study provides a better understanding of the rhizobacterial assemblies of economically relevant crops grown under a semi-arid environment.

Hoy en día, la pandemia causada por el COVID-19 nos ha mostrado de manera abrupta una realidad a la que nadie escapa: el misterio de la naturaleza humana que es la muerte. La vida humana no se puede explicar sin la muerte. Y es que el momento de la muerte es tan importante como el del nacimiento porque es parte del proceso natural de la vida. Lo cierto es que la pandemia, trae consigo dolor y sufrimiento previos a la muerte; y es de una letalidad tal que, a pesar de existir grupos de riesgo, todos estamos expuestos al contagio. La velocidad con la que se propaga el virus y la incapacidad de contener sus efectos ha causado la muerte de millones de personas en todo el mundo, lo que nos lleva a poner la mirada en los lugares donde se enfrenta a la muerte en primera línea. Pero lo más importante es que nos lleva a mirar desde otra perspectiva la fragilidad de la vida. Los pacientes en estado crítico[1] (es decir, con severo deterioro en sus funciones orgánicas por enfermedades que, potencialmente pueden complicarse comprometiendo la vida), mantienen intacta su dignidad y, al ser un grupo frágil en circunstancias extremas como una pandemia, dejan en evidencia prácticas que vulneran la dignidad de las personas en el ámbito de la actividad asistencial de la salud, por lo que creemos importante recordar desde la mirada biojurídica, la vulnerabilidad de los pacientes en estado crítico. [1] El Dr. Turchetto (2005) define al paciente crítico: A aquel individuo que, por padecer una enfermedad aguda (…) manifiesta signos y síntomas que, en su conjunto, expresan la máxima respuesta posible de su organismo ante la agresión sufrida. Todo esto en presencia de otro individuo que es capaz de interpretar estas manifestaciones. Es decir, que los signos y síntomas muestran en todos los órganos y sistemas evaluados, un comportamiento inestable. Los sistemas son: nervioso, central, respiratorio, y cardio-vascular; evalúan también signos en la piel y signos metabólicos (laboratorio).

Wounding stress is an effective strategy to induce glucosinolate (GS) biosynthesis in broccoli. However, there is insufficient knowledge on the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying this stress response. Herein, a chemical-genetic approach was applied to elucidate the role of jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the wound-induced biosynthesis of GS. Broccoli was processed into chops to induce wounding stress. Broccoli chops were treated with phenidone (PHEN) and diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) as inhibitors of JA and ROS biosynthesis, respectively, whereas 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was applied as an inhibitor of ET action. Wounding stress induced the expression of genes related to the biosynthesis of indolic and aliphatic GS, which was correlated with the accumulation of GS and modulated by the inhibitors of signaling molecules applied. Results of gene expression analysis indicated that JA played a key role in the activation of most genes, followed by ROS. Furthermore, except for the CYP79B2 gene, PHEN and 1-MCP synergistically downregulated the expression of GS biosynthetic genes evaluated, showing that the interaction between JA and ET was fundamental to modulate GS biosynthesis. Results presented herein increased our knowledge of the physiological and molecular mechanisms governing the wound-induced biosynthesis of GS in broccoli.

La producción literaria actual de escritoras mexicanas es una importante caja de resonancia para hablar de violencia, pobreza, y alcoholismo. En muchas de sus obras, niños protagonistas o narradores son un conveniente mecanismo para hablar de estas problemáticas en historias con una gran tensión narrativa que enfrentan al lector, de una manera más profunda, a dichas cuestiones. Con ello se suman a lo que Cristina Rivera Garza ha llamado la “desapropiación” es decir, una escritura que responde a una deuda con los otros y a un compromiso conjunto por el bien común. Este trabajo revisa desde los conceptos de “desapropiación” y “tensión narrativa”, una selección de cuentos de las escritoras Socorro Venegas (SLP 1972) y Sylvia Aguilar Zéleny (Hermosillo 1973), para entender cómo las voces de los niños revelan en sus obras nociones de violencia y poder en contextos tanto urbanos como rurales.

Abstract Influenced by feedstock type and microbial inoculum, different microbial groups must precisely interact for high‐quality biogas yields. As a first approach for optimization, this study aimed to identify through time the biogas‐producing microbial community in a 10‐ton dry anaerobic digester treating cattle manure by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and metagenomics. Moreover, the associated bovine residues or feedstocks (leachate, manure, oxidation lagoon water, rumen) were also characterized to determine their contribution. A diverse and dynamic community characterized by Bacteria (82%–88%) and a considerable amount of Archaea (8%–15%) presented profiles particular to each stage of biogas production. Eukaryotes (2.6%–3.6%), mainly fungi, were a minor but stable component. Proteobacteria represented 47% of the community at the start of the run but only 18% at the end, opposite to the Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi group (8% and 20%, respectively), while Firmicutes (12%–18%) and Actinobacteria (12%–32%) remained relatively constant. Methanogens of the order Methanomicrobiales represented by several species of Methanoculleus were abundant at the end of the run (77%) contrary to Methanosarcinales (11%) and Methanobacteriales (0.7%). Therefore, methanogenesis mainly occurred by the hydrogenotrophic pathway. Manure and oxidation lagoon water seemed to contribute key microorganisms, while rumen dominated by Methanobrevibacter (72%) did not proliferate in the digester. Manure particularly possessed Methanoculleus (24%) and uncultured methanogens identified by DGGE, whereas oxidation lagoon was exclusively abundant in Methanolinea (18%) and Methanosaeta (19%). Leachate, as the microbial inoculum from a previous run, adequately preserved the biogas‐producing community. These results could lead to higher biogas yields through bioaugmentation strategies by incorporating higher proportions or an enriched inoculum from the relevant feedstocks.

This literature review explores the problem of post-consumption of green coconut in Brazil. It starts by offering an analysis of the general aspects of the coconut industry and its derivatives. It also highlights the origins of coconut by-products, as well as the impacts of the industry in rural and urban management. The properties and potential uses of coconut by-products are also evaluated. The review presents diverse theoretical approaches regarding the concept of sustainable development as applied to product design. Results reveal a wide range of potential applications of coconut by-products in the field of engineering, although there is still an evident lack of research into the management and logistics of the coconut production chain. We argue that the concept of sustainability must be interpreted broadly, but also objectively, in any future research in order to facilitate the sustainable consumption and post-consumption of the green coconut.

Acetogenins are bioactive fatty acid derivatives found in avocado tissues. Their efficacy as antimicrobials has been documented and initiated interest to use them as replacements of synthetic food additives. The present work focused on evaluation of multiple analytical methodologies for detection and quantification of organic solids present in a food-grade acetogenin-enriched extract (Avosafe®), and on its safety evaluations using bacterial reverse mutation (AMES) tests and acute oral toxicity to rat assays. Results confirmed chemical structures of two acetogenins as present in Avosafe® (AcO-avocadyne-(0) and AcO-avocadiene B-(3)), and together with seven other previously known compounds, quantified 94.74 ± 5.77% w/w of its solids as acetogenins. Safety evaluations indicated that Avosafe® was non-mutagenic and had an acute median lethal oral dose (LD50) to rats higher than the maximum concentration tested (>2000 mg·kg−1), with no signs of macroscopic abnormalities in organs. Mean body weight and hematological and biochemical parameters were normal after 14 days of a single oral dose of 2000 mg·kg−1. The results advance scientific information on the safety of avocado seed acetogenins and also generate new knowledge on profiles and concentrations of individual acetogenins found in avocado tissues (seed, pulp, and leaves) and in Avosafe®.

O estudo teve como objetivos investigar os gastos das famílias brasileiras com medicamentos e as desigualdades de renda nestes gastos, segundo categorias de medicamentos. Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado com dados das Pesquisas de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) realizadas em 2002-2003 e 2008-2009. Os valores foram corrigidos pelo Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo (IPCA). O Índice de Concentração (IC) foi calculado como medida de desigualdade. O gasto médio com medicamentos para o total das famílias correspondeu a R$ 53,54 na POF 20022003 e R$ 59,02 na POF 2008-2009. Os IC revelaram concentração dos gastos entre as famílias de maior renda. A composição destes gastos é diferente conforme a renda das famílias. Entre as de menor renda predominam os gastos com analgésicos, antigripais e anti-inflamatórios. Entre as de maior renda predominam os gastos com medicamentos para diabetes, hipertensão e doenças do coração. Para as famílias de menor renda, apesar da redução do peso do gasto com medicamentos sobre sua renda, este ainda é o principal componente dos gastos com saúde.

Introducción: en Colombia la enfermedad coronaria ocasionó 29.394 muertes en 2011 ocupando el primer lugar como causa de mortalidad, según el Departamento Nacional de Estadística. Es importante disminuir el tiempo entre el inicio de los síntomas y el tratamiento, etapa en que la sintomatología, la interpretación y la manifestación del paciente son esenciales, así como su reconocimiento por parte del personal de salud para la definición oportuna del tratamiento. Objetivo: describir los síntomas de angina de un grupo de hombres con edades entre 40 y 80 años, con cateterismo cardíaco positivo para enfermedad coronaria en el marco de la teoría de Elizabeth Lenz según factores determinantes, dimensiones y consecuencias del síntoma. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo con abordaje cualitativo. Se realizó entrevista semiestructurada a 27 hombres en relación con las características de los síntomas experimentados y se analizó la información mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultados: categorías emergentes relevantes dentro de factores determinantes: "Pienso que hice un sobreesfuerzo", "No controlo la comida", "Es la herencia", "Tanto estrés". Dimensiones: las palabras más utilizadas fueron: "dolor", a veces acompañado de "presión" en el pecho y "dolor de oreja a oreja". Irradiación a brazo izquierdo y ocasionalmente a espalda. Síntomas acompañantes: gastrointestinales, fatiga y hormigueo. Consecuencias: "Me toca cambiar", "Nada va a cambiar", "Me va a afectar". Conclusiones: se obtuvo un perfil característico que refleja la forma de vivir la enfermedad coronaria que facilita la comprensión del fenómeno y que orienta los cuidados pertinentes.

Este artigo, discute como é a alfabetização da criança com Síndrome de Down no Ensino Fundamental da Escola Municipal Basiliano do Carmo de Jesus na cidade de Sinop-MT. O objetivo foi investigativo para conhecer quais metodologias são usadas por professores na alfabetização da criança com Síndrome de Down. A pesquisa foi estudo de caso, utilizaram-se como ferramentas para a coleta de dados, a observação e o questionário semiestruturado. Através deste estudo ressalta-se a importância de olhar o processo de inclusão/alfabetização do aluno Down, meios didáticos e, avaliação que os considere dentro de suas limitações. Palavra-chave: educação; educação especial; alfabetização; criança com Síndrome de Down; estudo de caso.

El propósito de esta investigación es hacer un análisis de la producción y temática en la narrativa contemporánea de mujeres en México, para recuperar algunas obras de escritoras con formación universitaria o estudios de postgrado. La intención es revisar de qué manera la formación crítica y la producción literaria dialogan y funcionan como conducto de sus propuestas epistemológicas para denunciar y recusar esquemas de poder, promover la equidad de género, o proponer nuevas representaciones estéticas. El estudio parte del trabajo de cuatro escritoras representando las generaciones de los 1970s a los 1980s: Guadalupe Nettel (México 1973), Marina Herrera (Saltillo 1977), Verónica Gerber (México 1981) y Valeria Luiselli (México 1983). La muestra anterior fue seleccionada debido a que sus obras responden a una renovada visión en la perspectiva de teorías críticas más contemporáneas como los estudios culturales y los estudios de género postcoloniales, y a una innovación creativa con nuevas propuestas estéticas. Este trabajo es la primera fase de un proyecto que eventualmente integrará parte de un texto didáctico para la enseñanza del análisis textual en el aula de educación universitaria o preparatoria, desde una perspectiva de género, social y cultural que se ajuste más a la circunstancia contemporánea de la mujer en México y a la enseñanza de la literatura.

O trabalho objetivou estudar os efeitos de reguladores vegetais no enraizamento de estacas caulinares de Flying Dragon [Poncirus trifoliata var. monstrosa (T. Ito)]. Na metade de cada estação do ano, ramos de citros foram coletados (4 experimentos), a partir dos quais foram retiradas estacas com 10 cm de comprimento com uma folha cortada ao meio. As bases das estacas foram tratadas com os seguintes reguladores vegetais na forma de talco: Testemunha (H2O); IBA 0,5%; NAA a 0,5%; IBA + ácido caféico a 0,5%, e NAA + ácido caféico 0,5%. As estacas foram plantadas em bandejas de isopor contendo fibra de coco e mantidas por três meses em câmara de nebulização. Os resultados mostraram que para a propagação desta espécie por estaquia, a coleta dos ramos deve ser no outono e que as mesmas sejam tratadas com a mistura de NAA + ácido caféico, ambos a 0,5%.The work aimed study the effects of plant growth regulators on the rooting of 'Flying Dragon' stem cuttings [Poncirus trifoliata var. monstrosa (T. Ito)]. Citrus branches were collected of each season of the year (4 experiments). Cuttings (10-cm-long) containing one half leaf were obtained from these branches. The base of the cuttings was treated with plant growth regulators in the talc formulation: Control (H2O); IBA 0.5%; NAA 0.5%; IBA + caffeic acid 0.5%; and NAA + caffeic acid 0.5%. The cuttings were planted in trays containing coconut fiber and maintained for three months in the misting chamber. The cuttings collected in the fall and treated with a mixture of NAA 0.5% and caffeic acid at 0.5% showed higher rooting percentage.

La esquizofrenia es una de las enfermedades mentales severas que afecta a un 1% de la población mundial. Es claro que en su etiología participan factores genéticos y ambientales. Sin embargo, la identificación de genes de susceptibilidad ha sido difícil y no hay resultados inequívocos. A pesar de esto, en los últimos años se han identificado un grupo de genes candidatos por su posible fisiopatología o por estudios de asociación y ligamiento. En este artículo se revisa el papel de estos genes y los resultados de los estudios realizados en Costa Rica por nuestro grupo.Genetics of Schizophrenia: advances in the study of candidate genes. Schizophrenia is one of the most severe mental disorders that affect 1% of the population worldwide. It is clear that both genetic and environmental factors participate in its etiology. Nonetheless, the effort to identify susceptibility genes has been difficult and there are no unequivocal findings until now. Notwithstanding this, during the last couple of years, a group of candidate genes has been identified because of their possible role in the physiopathology or by association and linkage studies. In this article, the role of these genes is summarized as well as the results of the studies conducted in Costa Rica by our group. Rev. Biol. Trop. 52(3): 467-473. Epub 2004 Dic 15.

Este artigo é resultado de um estudo realizado em uma creche pública pertencente à rede municipal de educação de Sinop - MT. Objetivamos compreender o movimento corporal das crianças como parte do desenvolvimento integral das crianças. E também entender como os profissionais trabalham a especificidade do corpo infantil, dos movimentos das crianças durante a rotina da instituição de uma turma de crianças de dois a três anos de idade. Optamos em focalizar a pesquisa na área da Educação Infantil por entender que as crianças desta faixa etária apresentam características importantes no desenvolvimento corporal, visto que muitas vezes na educação infantil o movimento é considerado como ‘indisciplina’, fazendo com que a criança, na maioria das vezes permanece quietas e sentadas em suas cadeiras. Diante de tal propósito, buscamos uma metodologia que nos possibilitasse apreender o movimento corporal da criança e encontramos na pesquisa qualitativa, através da ‘observação participante’, trilhas que nos conduziram à construção de conhecimentos. Como pesquisadora, permanecemos na instituição investigada por quase três meses, em horários intercalados, utilizando o caderno de campo, no qual registramos as observações realizadas, bem como as entrevistas com as professoras da referida turma. Os principais referenciais utilizados para o estudo foram: Vygotsky, Piaget, Vitor Fonseca e Henri Wallon. De acordo com o observado em campo e leituras teóricas, ressaltamos com este estudo a importância do movimento para as crianças e sua contribuição no desenvolvimento infantil pleno.Palavras-chave: educação; educação infantil; maternal II; movimento; sociointeracionismo.

Actualmente no se conoce el comportamiento histórico de los indicadores de confiabilidad del Sistema Nacional de Transmisión, existe por tanto la necesidad de genera la estadística operativa de los mismos. La evolución historia de estos indicadores permitirá al CENACE conocer el grado de confiabilidad de la red; al transmisor mejorar los procesos de mantenimiento de los elementos de la red de transmisión; y al regulador la aplicación de reglas de cumplimiento de índices de de disponibilidad de los elementos de transmisión y la determinación de manera técnica, de las compensaciones económicas respectivas.

Introduction: Obesity is one of the biggest public health problems in the world, affecting people of all age groups and economic classes. In this scenario, the use of herbal medicines as a strategy for weight loss has been growing, mainly due to easy access. Objective: to evaluate the profile of individuals who have already used herbal medicines for weight loss, how was the orientation for use, which varieties are most used, adverse reactions, association with other strategies and results achieved. Materials and methods: cross-sectional study with 102 volunteers, carried out using an adapted questionnaire containing the Kakeshita Silhouette Scale, available online on social networks. Discussion and results: predominance of 87.3% of women and mean age of 39 (±10.5) years. In terms of nutrition, 71.6% were overweight and 95.1% were dissatisfied with their bodies. 77% made use of herbal medicines on their own initiative, with green tea, hibiscus and horsetail being the most used; 25.5% had an adverse reaction and 68.6% lost weight during use. Education level (p=0.006), physical activity practice (p=0.035) and diet adoption (p=0.0003) were variables that showed significance when statistically associated with the weight loss variable. Conclusion: most participants are overweight, even after using herbal medicines. The association between physical activity and diet with the weight loss variable was a finding that reinforces the importance of changing habits for sustainable weight loss, with herbal medicines as adjuvants and always prescribed by a health professional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]