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El síndrome carcinoide es una enfermedad poco frecuente. El cardiólogo tiene que sospecharlo ante la presencia de un cuadro clínico compatible y un ecocardiograma con hallazgos característicos. A continuación, se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente con síndrome carcinoide con compromiso cardíaco. Luego de un largo período con los síntomas típicos (eritema, diarrea, broncoespasmo) evolucionó con insuficiencia cardíaca derecha. El eco Doppler fue fundamental para valorar el compromiso valvular y la repercusión en las cavidades cardíacas

Background It remains unknown whether the presence of coronary microcirculatory dysfunction (CMD) correlates with its equivalent condition in the brain, cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). The cerebral-coronary connection (C3), a prospective blinded study, investigated the prevalence of CMD in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and its association with CSVD and cognitive function. Methods and results Patients with documented CAD fulfilling inclusion criteria underwent physiological assessment of epicardial vessels and the microcirculation using intracoronary pressure and Doppler. Coronary microcirculation-related indices included coronary flow reserve (CFR) and hyperaemic microvascular resistance. Brain magnetic resonance imaging, transcranial Doppler (TCD), and neurocognitive examination were performed. Overall, 67 patients were included in the study (mean age 66 years, 73% female). Patients with abnormal CFR ( Conclusions Coronary microcirculatory dysfunction is frequent in patients with CAD and correlates with CSVD, abnormal cerebral flow haemodynamics, and significant cognitive impairment. These findings support the hypothesis that microvascular dysfunction in the heart and the brain are part of a single pathological process affecting microcirculation in patients with CAD. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04131075.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motor neuron disease associated with progressive muscle weakness, ventilatory failure, and reduced survival. Onasemnogene abeparvoves is the first gene replacement therapy (GT) approved to treat this condition. An observational retrospective study was conducted to assess adverse events and efficacy of GT in SMA patients. Forty-one patients with SMA (24 females, 58.5% and 33 SMA type 1, 80.1%) were included. The mean age at GT dosing was 18 (± 6.4) months. Thirty-six patients (87.8%) were under previous treatment with nusinersen, and 10 (24.4%) continued nusinersen after GT. Mean CHOP-INTEND increased 13 points after 6 months and this finding did not differ between groups according to nusinersen maintenance after GT (p = 0.949). Among SMA type 1 patients, 14 (46.6%) reached the ability to sit alone. Liver transaminases elevation at least two times higher than the upper limit of normal value occurred in 29 (70.7%) patients. Thrombocytopenia occurred in 13 (31.7%) patients, and one presented thrombotic microangiopathy. Older age (> 2 years) was associated with more prolonged use of corticosteroids (p = 0.021). GT is effective in SMA patients, combined nusinersen after GT does not present additional gain in motor function, and older age is associated with prolonged corticosteroid use.

Resumo O presente artigo propõe-se a refletir sobre como transbordam os gêneros na construção das narrativas e sua participação na conformação de um mito no imaginário político: o mito de Evita Perón. Busca-se discutir o que compõe os relatos da ficção e da história na representação da realidade. O trabalho divide-se em quatro partes: efeito de historicidade, imaginário, autoficcção - a construção de si, e representações de Evita. As duas primeiras partes apresentam proposições teóricas e as seguintes, representações literárias de Eva Perón em que se discutem algumas obras argentinas. Conclui-se que o modo de narrar das representações elabora o efeito de historicidade, transbordando os gêneros ficção e história, e confluindo no imaginário. Além disso, afirma-se a impossibilidade de abarcar todo o fenômeno da configuração do imaginário evitista, entretanto, considera-se possível oferecer alguma contribuição aos estudos referentes a essa temática. Abstract This article aims to reflect on how genres overlap in the construction of narratives and take part in the conformation of a myth of the political imaginary: the myth of Evita Perón. We seek to discuss what the accounts of fiction and history in the representation of reality are made up of. This paper is divided into four parts: historicity effect; imaginary; autofiction - the construction of the self; and representations of Evita. The first two parts present theoretical propositions and the last two will discuss literary representations of Eva Perón, referring to some Argentinean works. We conclude that the manner in which a text is narrated creates the effect of historicity, straddling the fiction and historical genres, and converging in the imaginary. Furthermore, we accept that it is impossible to cover the whole phenomenon of the configuration of the evitista imaginary. However, it is possible to offer some contribution to the studies on this theme. Resumen El presente artículo se propone reflexionar sobre el desbordamiento de géneros en la construcción de narrativas sobre Eva Perón y su participación en la conformación de un mito en el imaginario político: el mito de Evita Perón. Se busca discutir cómo se compone la representación de la realidad en los relatos de la ficción y de la historia. El trabajo se divide en cuatro partes: efecto de historicidad; imaginario, autoficción - la construcción de sí, y representaciones de Evita. Las dos primeras partes presentan proposiciones teóricas, y las siguientes, representaciones literarias de Eva Perón en que se discuten algunas obras argentinas. Se concluye que la manera de narrar elabora el efecto de historicidad, desbordando los géneros ficción e historia, y confluyendo en el imaginario. Además de eso se admite la imposibilidad de abarcar todo el fenómeno de la configuración del imaginario evitista, sin embargo, se considera que es posible ofrecer alguna contribución a los estudios referentes a esa temática.

The loss of noradrenergic neurons and subsequent reduction of brain noradrenaline (NA) levels are associated with the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This seems to be due mainly to the ability of NA to reduce the activation of microglial cells. We previously observed that NA induces the production of the chemokine Fractalkine/CX3CL1 in neurons. The activation of microglial CX3CR1, sole receptor for CX3CL1, reduces the activation of microglia, which is known to largely contribute to the neuronal damage characteristic of AD. Therefore, alterations of CX3CR1 production in microglia could translate into the enhancement or inhibition of CX3CL1 anti-inflammatory effects. In order to determine if microglial CX3CR1 production is altered in AD and if NA can control it, CX3CR1 expression and synthesis were analyzed in 5xFAD mice and human AD brain samples. In addition, the effects of NA and its reuptake inhibitor reboxetine were analyzed in microglial cultures and mice respectively. Our results indicate that in AD CX3CR1 production is increased in the brain cortex and that reboxetine administration further increases it and enhances microglial reactivity toward amyloid beta plaques. However, direct administration of NA to primary rat microglia or human HMC3 cells inhibits CX3CR1 production, suggesting that microglia responses to NA may be altered in the absence of CX3CL1-producing neurons or other nonmicroglial external factors.

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Microcirculatory alterations displayed by patients with heart failure (HF) induce structural and functional intestinal changes that may affect normal gut microbial community. At the same time, gut microbiota can influence pathological mechanisms implicated in HF progression. However, it is unknown whether gut microbiota dysbiosis can precede the development of cardiac alterations in HF or it is only a mere consequence. Our aim was to investigate the potential relationship between gut microbiota composition and HF development by comparing spontaneously hypertensive heart failure and spontaneously hypertensive rat models. Gut microbiota from spontaneously hypertensive heart failure, spontaneously hypertensive rat, and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats at 9 and 19 months of age was analyzed by sequencing the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, and KEGG metabolic pathways associated to 16S profiles were predicted. Beta diversity, Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes ratio, taxonomic abundances, and potential metabolic functions of gut microbiota were significantly different in spontaneously hypertensive heart failure with respect to spontaneously hypertensive rat before (9 months) and after (19 months) cardiac differences were presented. Nine-month-old spontaneously hypertensive heart failure showed a significant increase in the genera Paraprevotella, Oscillospira, Prevotella 9, Faecalitalea, Faecalibacterium, Ruminiclostridium 6, Phascolarctobacterium, Butyrivibrio, Parasutterella, and Parabacteroides compared with both Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rat, while Ruminiclostridium 9 , Oscillibacter , Ruminiclostridium , Mucispirillum, Intestinimonas , and Akkermansia were diminished. Of them, Akkermansia, Prevotella 9 , Paraprevotella , and Phascolarctobaterium were associated to changes in cardiac structure and function. Our results demonstrate an association between specific changes in gut microbiota and the development of HF in a hypertensive model of HF and further support the intervention to restore gut microbiota as an innovative therapeutic strategy for preventing HF.

Patients with subaneurysmal aortic dilation (SAD, 25&ndash, 29 mm diameter) are likely to progress to true abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Despite these patients having a higher risk of all-cause mortality than subjects with aortic size &lt, 24 mm, early diagnostic biomarkers are lacking. MicroRNAs (miRs) are well-recognized potential biomarkers due to their differential expression in different tissues and their stability in blood. We have investigated whether a plasma miRs profile could identify the presence of SAD in high cardiovascular risk patients. Using qRT-PCR arrays in plasma samples, we determined miRs differentially expressed between SAD patients and patients with normal aortic diameter. We then selected 12 miRs to be investigated as biomarkers by construction of ROC curves. A total of 82 significantly differentially expressed miRs were found by qPCR array, and 12 were validated by qRT-PCR. ROC curve analyses showed that seven selected miRs (miR-28-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-93-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-338-3p, miR-339-3p, and miR-378a-3p) could be valuable biomarkers for distinguishing SAD patients. MiR-339-3p showed the best sensitivity and specificity, even after combination with other miRs. Decreased miR-339-3p expression was associated with increased aortic abdominal diameter. MiR-339-3p, alone or in combination with other miRs, could be used for SAD screening in high cardiovascular risk patients, helping to the early diagnosis of asymptomatic AAA.

Cardiac lipotoxicity is involved in the cardiac functional consequences associated with obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore whether changes in the mitochondrial lipid cardiac profile could reflect differences in cardiac function and structure in obese and non-obese rats with myocardial infarction (MI). Whether these changes can also be reflected in a specific plasma miRNA signature as markers of cardiac damage was also evaluated. Rats were fed with either standard (3.5% fat) or high fat diet (35% fat) for 6 weeks before the induction of MI and sacrificed 4 weeks later. MI showed cardiac lipotoxicity independently of the presence of obesity, although obese and non-obese rats did not present the same cardiac lipid profile at mitochondrial level. Several cardiac lipid species in mitochondria, including cardiolipins and triglycerides, were associated with myocardial fibrosis, with mitochondrial triglyceride levels being independently associated with it; this supports that lipotoxicity can affect cardiac function. MI down-regulated plasma levels of miRNA 15b-5p and 194-5p in obese and non-obese animals, which were associated with cardiac function, mitochondrial lipids and myocardial fibrosis, with miRNA 15b-5p levels being independently associated with cardiac fibrosis. This could support that lipotoxicity could affect heart function by modulating plasma miRNAs., This work was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FondoEuropeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) (PI15/01060; CIBERCV) a way to build Europe, Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (SAF2016-81063) and from the Sociedad Española de Cardiología (Basic Research in Cardiology 2016). EMM was supported by a contract from CAM (Atracción de talento).

Objectives NDM carbapenemases have spread worldwide. However, little information exists about the impact of NDM-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Spain. By WGS, we sought to elucidate the population structure of NDM-like-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in Spain and to determine the plasmids harbouring blaNDM-like genes. Methods High-resolution SNP typing, core-genome MLST and plasmid reconstruction (PlasmidID) were performed on 59 NDM-like-producing K. pneumoniae and 8 NDM-like-producing E. coli isolated over an 8 year period in Spain. Results Five major epidemic clones of NDM-producing K. pneumoniae caused five important nationwide outbreaks: ST437/NDM-7, ST437/NDM-1, ST147/NDM-1, ST11/NDM-1 and ST101/NDM-1; in contrast, the spread of NDM-producing E. coli was polyclonal. Three blaNDM types were identified: blaNDM-1, 61.2%; blaNDM-7, 32.8%; and blaNDM-5, 6%. Five K. pneumoniae isolates co-produced other carbapenemases (three blaOXA-48 and two blaVIM-1). The average number of acquired resistance genes was higher in K. pneumoniae than in E. coli. The plasmids encoding blaNDM-like genes belonged to IncFII, IncFIB, IncX3, IncR, IncN and IncC types, of which IncF, IncR and IncC were associated with MDR. The genetic surroundings of blaNDM-like genes showed a highly variable region upstream of ISAba125. Conclusions In recent years NDM-producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli have emerged in Spain; the spread of a few high-risk K. pneumoniae clones such as ST437/NDM-7, ST437/NDM-1, ST147/NDM-1, ST11/NDM-1 and ST101/NDM-1 have caused several interregional outbreaks. In contrast, the spread of NDM-producing E. coli has been polyclonal. Plasmid types IncFII, IncFIB, IncX3, IncR, IncN and IncC carried blaNDM, and the same IncX3 plasmid was detected in K. pneumoniae and E. coli.

Objectives We analysed the microbiological traits and population structure of KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates collected in Spain between 2012 and 2014. We also performed a comparative WGS analysis of the three major KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clones detected. Methods Carbapenemase and ESBL genes were sequenced. The Institut Pasteur MLST scheme was used. WGS data were used to construct phylogenetic trees, to identify the determinants of resistance and to de novo assemble the genome of one representative isolate of each of the three major K. pneumoniae clones. Results Of the 2443 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates identified during the study period, 111 (4.5%) produced KPC. Of these, 81 (73.0%) were K. pneumoniae and 13 (11.7%) were Enterobacter cloacae. Three major epidemic clones of K. pneumoniae were identified: ST11/KPC-2, ST101/KPC-2 and ST512/KPC-3. ST11/KPC-2 differed from ST101/KPC-2 and ST512/KPC-3 by 27 819 and 6924 SNPs, respectively. ST101/KPC-2 differed from ST512/KPC-3 by 28 345 SNPs. Nine acquired resistance genes were found in ST11/KPC-2, 11 in ST512/KPC-3 and 13 in ST101/KPC-2. ST101/KPC-2 had the highest number of virulence genes (20). An 11 bp deletion at the end of the mgrB sequence was the cause of colistin resistance in ST512/KPC-3. Conclusions KPC-producing Enterobacteriaceae are increasing in Spain. Most KPC-producing K. pneumoniae isolates belonged to only five clones: ST11 and ST512 caused interregional spread, ST101 caused regional spread and ST1961 and ST678 produced independent hospital outbreaks. ST101/KPC-2 had the highest number of resistance and virulence genes. ST101/KPC-2 and ST512/KPC-3 were recently implicated in the spread of KPC in Italy.

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to analyse the microbiological traits and the population structure of carbapenemase-producing (CP) Escherichia coli isolates collected in Spain between 2012 and 2014. METHODS Two-hundred-and-thirty-nine E. coli isolates non-susceptible to carbapenems were studied. The carbapenemase genes and the phylogenetic groups were characterized using PCR. MLST was carried out using the typing schemes of the University of Warwick and the Institut Pasteur. The diversity of the population structure was estimated by calculating a simple diversity index (SDI). RESULTS One-hundred-and-twenty-one isolates (50.6%) produced carbapenemases, of which 87 (71.9%) were OXA-48, 27 (22.3%) were VIM-1, 4 (3.3%) were KPC-2, 2 (1.7%) were NDM and 1 (0.8%) was IMP-22; 4 isolates were collected in 2012, 40 in 2013 and 77 in 2014. Ertapenem was more sensitive than imipenem or meropenem for screening for OXA-48-producing E. coli. Using the Warwick typing scheme, 59 different STs were identified, the most prevalent being ST131 (16.5%). The population diversity was higher among VIM-1-producing isolates (SDI = 81.5%) than among OXA-48-producing isolates (SDI = 44.8%). The Pasteur scheme had a higher discrimination capability (SDI = 55.4%) than the Warwick scheme (SDI = 48.8%). CONCLUSIONS A progressive increase in the prevalence of CP E. coli was observed, mainly due to the dissemination of OXA-48 producers. The most sensitive method for detecting decreased susceptibility of CP E. coli to carbapenems was disc diffusion with ertapenem using the EUCAST screening cut-offs. The spread of CP E. coli was due to a polyclonal population. The Pasteur scheme showed the highest discrimination power. Surveillance is crucial for the early detection of CP E. coli.

Background: Although several scholars found that team effectiveness was damaged as a result of task conflict in organizational settings, the need to recognize the critical attributes to resolve task conflict and get the team back to working effectively is pertinent. In this study, it was assessed how task conflict is related to team effectiveness. Furthermore, it was conceptualized how task interdependence and personality moderates the relationship between task conflicts related to team effectiveness. Methodology: The study used stratified random sampling with a sample size of 275 Malaysian university researchers. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was performed. Results: The results showed that task interdependence moderated the relationship between task conflicts and team effectiveness. Regarding to the moderating effect of personality traits, the results of this study also suggest that task conflict was less negatively related to team effectiveness with higher levels of personality traits. This study remarks important information on the interactive effect of personal and task interdependence in task-conflict and team effectiveness at higher institutions levels to help to address the issue of conflict task in teams. The results in this study have practical implications for practitioners, who should pay attention to task interdependence and personality traits and well-being of staff. Conclusion: It was identified that the most effective individuals across a variety of teams may be those who can accurately assess the expectations of peers and who can adjust their initiating interdependence behavior accordingly. The article is a novel contribution in developing team effectiveness among university researchers. Based on the results managerial suggestions and future study direction were underlined.

Youth organizations often face challenges in reaching their potential as places of empowerment and engagement for youth development. While evidence-based practices of how organizations foster youth engagement exist, there are few replicable models or conceptual frameworks that cross-cut these different practices. The purpose of this multi-level, mixed methods study was to gain insight into how youth associations become empowering settings for youth engagement. Grounded in the theoretical perspective of empowered community settings, we sought to explore the links between national youth policy, the creation of empowering settings and youth engagement. Our focus was on Malaysia and its national network of youth associations. In Phase 1 of the study, thematic analysis of major policy documents revealed that Malaysian youth policy creates a shared belief system for the country’s youth associations according to three core themes: empowerment is intertwined with community capacity building; safety and inclusivity are paramount; and members are expected to be both teachers and learners as ‘partners in development’. In Phase 2, in-depth interviews with youth association leaders (N = 22; M age = 28; 68% male) highlighted the importance of a relational environment that includes opportunities to build social capital with adults and peers. The associations’ opportunity role structure further allows youth leaders to exercise voice in making decisions that mold the associations’ programs and allow the leaders to pass on knowledge and skills to younger members. In Phase 3, building on the findings from the first two study phases, a survey of regular association members (N = 262) indicated that safety and opportunities for personal growth predicted organizational engagement. For community engagement, as members moved outside of the confines of the organization and participated in community work, opportunities for personal growth remained central to engagement with social capital and adult support taking on additional importance. The study provides an initial conceptualization of best practices that link national policy and organizational leadership to participant engagement in youth associations.

Hace justamente diez años que se dio el cambió de tendencia en la migración entre México y Estados Unidos. Coincidente con la peor crisis económica en varias décadas y con el ambiente de persecución e incremento de las deportaciones durante la presidencia de Obama, los expertos en migración teníamos suficientes señales del cambio que se avecinaba en los patrones migratorios. Aún así, el increíble crecimiento de la migración hacia nuestro vecino del norte y el pico de más de 600 mil mexicanos que dejaron el país nada más en el año 2005 nos hacían pensar que la migración era imparable y que esta pérdida de población —porque a final de cuentas es una pérdida— duraría varios años, lustros e inclusive décadas más.

BACKGROUND Most hypertensive patients, despite a proper control of their cardiovascular risk factors, have cardiovascular complications, evidencing the importance of controlling and/or reversing target-organ damage. In this sense, endothelial dysfunction has been associated with the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and related cardiovascular outcomes. Since hypertension often clusters with other risk factors such as dyslipemia, diabetes and obesity, in this study we have investigated the effect of intensive multifactorial treatment on circulating vascular progenitor cell levels on high-risk hypertensive patients. DESIGN We included108 hypertensive patients receiving intensive multifactorial pharmacologic treatment and dietary recommendations targeting blood pressure, dyslipemia, hyperglycemia and weight for 12 months. After the treatment period, blood samples were collected and circulating levels of endothelial (CD34+/KDR+, CD34+/VE-cadherin+) and smooth muscle (CD14+/endoglin+) progenitor cells were identified by flow cytometry. Additionally, plasma concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was determined by ELISA. RESULTS Most hypertensive patients (61±12 years, 47% men) showed cardiovascular parameters within normal ranges at baseline. Moreover, body mass index and the majority of the biochemical parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, creatinine and hs-CRP) significantly decreased overtime. After 12 months of intensive treatment, CD34+/KDR+ and CD14+/endoglin+ levels did not change, but CD34+/VE-cadherin+ cells increased significantly at month 12 [0.9(0.05-0.14)% vs 0.05(0.02-0.09)% P

O tema do presente artigo é a representação de Evita Perón no romance Santa Evita (1995), de Tomás Eloy Martínez (1934-2010), escritor argentino. Apresenta-se o romance e seu autor, destacando o enredo – a vida de María Eva Duarte de Perón (1919-1952), sua morte, o sequestro e desaparecimento de seu cadáver embalsamado – e sua composição genericamente híbrida. A partir da reflexão de Gajano (2006), Silva (2008), Certeau (2008) e Jolles (1976) sobre o gênero hagiografia, discute-se a representação de Eva Perón realizada no romance. Conclui-se que tal representação é feita de modo hagiográfico, centralizando na narrativa o cadáver embalsamado de Evita.

Resumen Introduccion Muchos pacientes hipertensos optimamente tratados de sus factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV) siguen presentando complicaciones cardiovasculares. Las celulas progenitoras endoteliales (CPE) han demostrado ser fundamentales para la reparacion del dano endotelial en tejidos isquemicos. Por ello, hemos estudiado los niveles de CPE y del factor de crecimiento del endotelio vascular (VEGF) en pacientes hipertensos en tratamiento con buen control de la presion arterial (PA). Material y metodos Se recogio una muestra de sangre de pacientes hipertensos tratados que presentaban unas cifras de PA adecuadas para los objetivos individuales. Los niveles plasmaticos de CPE CD34+/KDR+ y CD34+/VE-cadherina+ se midieron mediante citometria de flujo. La concentracion de VEGF se cuantifico mediante ELISA. Como controles se incluyo un grupo de sujetos sin FRCV tradicionales. Resultados Hemos incluido 108 pacientes (61 ± 12 anos, 47,2% hombres), de los cuales un 82,4% presentaba PA Conclusiones Los pacientes hipertensos tratados muestran una disminucion significativa de los niveles plasmaticos de CPE que podria ser responsable, al menos en parte, del riesgo residual que presentan estos pacientes, sugiriendose que las CPE podrian ser una importante diana terapeutica.

The activity of eight aminoglycosides (amikacin, apramycin, arbekacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, netilmicin and tobramycin) against a collection of 257 amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC)-resistant Escherichia coli isolates was determined by microdilution. Aminoglycoside resistance rates, the prevalence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) genes, the relationship between AME gene detection and resistance phenotype to aminoglycosides, and the association of AME genes with mechanisms of AMC resistance in E. coli isolates in Spain were investigated. Aminoglycoside-resistant isolates were screened for the presence of genes encoding common AMEs [aac(3)-Ia, aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IVa, aac(6')-Ib, ant(2")-Ia, ant(4')-IIa and aph(3')-Ia] or 16S rRNA methylases (armA, rmtB, rmtC and npmA). In total, 105 isolates (40.9%) were resistant to at least one of the aminoglycosides tested. Amikacin, apramycin and arbekacin showed better activity, with MIC90 values of 2 mg/L (arbekacin) and 8 mg/L (amikacin and apramycin). Kanamycin presented the highest MIC90 (128 mg/L). The most common AME gene was aac(6')-Ib (36 strains; 34.3%), followed by aph(3')-Ia (31 strains; 29.5%), ant(2")-Ia (29 strains; 27.6%) and aac(3)-IIa (23 strains; 21.9%). aac(3)-Ia, aac(3)-IVa, ant(4')-IIa and the four methylases were not detected. The ant(2")-Ia gene was usually associated with OXA-1 [21/30; 70%], whilst 23/25 (92%) strains producing CTX-M-15 had the aac(6')-Ib gene. The most prevalent AME gene was aac(6')-Ib (18/41; 44%) in nosocomial isolates, whilst ant(2")-Ia and aph(3')-Ia genes (20/64; 31%) were more frequent in strains of community origin. In 64.6% isolates the phenotypic profile correlated with the presence of commonly encountered AMEs. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.

This papers presents the preliminary results of a qualitative study on peers support and youth engagement. Data was obtained using in-depth interview; a total of 14 active and engaged youth shared their experience about how they got involved with and became engaged in youth organization programs and/or community work. The data elicited indicate peer their peers’ support and encouragement are important determinants in maintaining youth active and engaged in an organization or community programs. In addition, the preliminary results suggest that positive peer-based leadership program is the way forward to foster and maintain young people’s participation and engagement in youth organization and/or community based programs.

Without a doubt in this era of globalization and borderless world, working in teams leads towards higher output and productivity. However, in the context of higher education settings especially among researchers, it was found that the work culture is very much aligned towards individualism efforts. Thus, the main aim of the study is to determine the influence of task interdependence and task conflict on team effectiveness. This is a quantitative study and the data was collected from 181 respondents from a local research university in Malaysia. The study found that team interdependence and task conflict contributed 22% of the variances in team effectiveness. Some suggestions are put forward to improve team effectiveness in institutions of higher learning.

En plena vorágine revolucionaria, México fue el escenario de animados debates de opinión que se centraban en las implicaciones directas que la Primera Guerra Mundial pudiera tener sobre los derroteros de la nación. Si bien su estudio ha sido en gran parte ignorado, su análisis es crucial para la comprensión del pensamiento mexicano durante y después del conflicto. Tras un balance historiográfico, este trabajo define el escenario de dichos debates de opinión, identifica su punto más álgido durante el año 1917 y analiza su evolución en tres de sus principales foros: la prensa, el Poder Legislativo y las asambleas estudiantiles. While in the thick of a revolutionary maelstrom, Mexico was the setting for animated debates centered on the direct implications that World War I might have on the nation’s future. Although its study has been largely ignored, analysis of the Great War is crucial for understanding Mexican thought during and after the conflict. In addition to offering a historiographical assessment, this work elaborates the scenes of said debates, identifies their most decisive moment during the year 1917, and analyzes their evolution in three of their principle forums: the press, the Legislative Branch, and student assemblies.