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Creating vessels is essential for the development of every organism and the course of repair processes. Under physiological conditions, angiogenesis is a transient and tightly regulated process. Angiogenesis plays a significant role in the development of cancer and the progression of neoplastic diseases. The most well-known pro-angiogenic factors include the VEGF family, mainly VEGF-A. Of great interest in the angiogenesis process are the receptors for VEGF, both soluble and surface-bound. The aim of this work is to elucidate the structure and mechanism of action of VEGF and its receptors.

Cardiovascular diseases are still the most common cause of death worldwide [1]. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an advanced diagnostic technique that has become widely used in many fields of medicine, including the diagnosis of heart disease. MRI offers a non-invasive and safe approach to the anatomical and functional assessment of the heart, which enables characterization of the structure and function of this important organ [2]. In this text, we present the current state of knowledge on magnetic resonance imaging in selected heart diseases.

Heart tumors are a rare oncological problem. Nevertheless, they are an important element of cardio-oncology that should not be forgotten. The development of imaging techniques has made it possible to increase the probability of making a diagnosis in a non-invasive way. Despite the development of techniques such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging or positron emission tomography, histopathological examination still remains the gold standard for making the final diagnosis and determining the appropriate therapeutic procedure. This paper is a summary of the available knowledge on the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options of cardiac tumors. Data were obtained from PubMed and Google Scholar.

Crohn's disease is a chronic disease. It most often begins between the ages of 15 and 35 and lasts a lifetime. The earliest radiographic findings are aphthous ulcers. It can cause mouth-to-anal lesions and extra-intestinal complications. Typical symptoms are diarrhoea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, fever, weight loss and fatigue. Many different tests, including laboratory tests, are important in the diagnosis of the disease. Fecal calprotection is a direct marker of inflammation in the intestinal mucosa. Endoscopic examination remains the basic diagnostic method of Crohn's disease. In order to assess the small intestine, MRI or CT should be performed. In the case of acute disease progression, ileocolonoscopy should be the examination. The disease requires long-term treatment, both pharmacological and often surgical.

Pregnancy is a state of emergency for most women and is usually a great happiness. Twin pregnancy should bring double happiness. Unfortunately, it often means more problems, more research, more worries. TTTS is a twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome that carries many complications.It occurs in 5-25% of monochorionic twin pregnancies. The severity of the disease is determined using the Quintero scale. The methods of treatment include fetoscopic laser photocoagulation, expectant management, amnioreduction, termination of pregnancy, usually when the fetal lungs are mature. The prognosis depends on many factors, including the type of vascular anastomoses. There are two types of TTTS: acute and chronic.

Cardiovascular diseases, in particular ischemic heart disease, are the leading cause of death worldwide. According to the current guidelines of scientific societies, the most important target group, in which preventive actions play a key role, are e.g. patients with ischemic heart disease. The actions taken aimed at slowing down the progression of the disease, optimizing therapy, including its individualization, education and counseling in the field of pro-health behaviors. Preventive measures are also cost-effective in relation to the costs incurred for a number of measures taken in the event of an acute cardiovascular event. As a result, comprehensive care programs with secondary prevention as the primary objective are now considered the standard of care, particularly in patients with acute coronary artery disease (ACS).

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common supraventricular arrhythmia in clinical practice. The percentage of people with AF increases with age. The currently implemented procedure for detecting modifiable risk factors allows for early implementation of a therapeutic plan in primary and secondary prevention. The following work deals with the occurrence of atrial fibrillation, risk factors and ways of coping with the disease in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Materials and methods: The literature available on PubMed and Google Scholar was reviewed using the words „atrial fibrillation”, „coronary artery bypass grafting”. Summary: Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery are at risk of developing postoperative atrial fibrillation. This is especially true for older patients with additional burdens, such as past arrhythmia episodes, hypertension, critical stenosis of the right coronary artery.

With attention to the increasing onset of disease, the number of typical diseases of old age is also increasing. Osteoarthritis is one of the most common diseases that affect elderly people. It forces to introduce various methods of treatment, support the improvement of the benefits and quality of life of patients. If the disease is severely advanced, an effective treatment is to replace the joint which is destroy. The results of the study is a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent hip arthroplasty in the first age of 2023.

Cervical cancer is now a common occurrence in both non-pregnant and pregnant women. The sooner cancer is diagnosed, the greater the chance of cure and better prognosis for the future. Treatment is used if it is supported by a multidisciplinary team including doctors, midwives, psychologists, psychotherapists, physiotherapists. Diagnostics and methods of treatment of pregnant women for a complex process. These methods must be carefully analyzed and applied in accordance with the guidelines and the implementation of treatment and diagnostics in the event of damage to toxicity and risk to the mother and fetus. Matrials and methods: The literature available on PubMed and Google Scholar was reviewed using the words: „cancer and pregnancy”, „cervical cancer”

Cancer in pregnancy is a rare phenomenon. Pregnancy is a period when a number of tests are performed, thanks to which irregularities can be quickly diagnosed. The most common cancers during pregnancy are breast cancer and cervical cancer. Particular care should be taken in the diagnosis and treatment, as the teratogenicity of some of these methods must be taken into account. Treatment is used if it is supported by a multidisciplinary team consisting of doctors, midwives, psychologists, psychotherapists and physiotherapists. Materials and methods: The literature available on PubMed and Google Scholar was reviewed using the worlds „Gynecologic cancers in pregnancy”, „pregnancy”, „cancer”

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a rare congenital arrhythmia syndrome. BrS is characterized by a tendency to syncope, ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. These symptoms occur mainly at night and can occur spontaneously or as a result of provocation by, for example, fever, stress or medication. Based on the differences in electrocardiography, three types were distinguished. Genetic studies are being conducted, which have shown a significant defect of the SCN5A gene, which in turn leads to disturbances in the functioning of the sodium channel NaV1.5 has a negative impact on the course of depolarization of myocardial cells. Patients with symptoms of the disease are subjected to implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator, which protects them against sudden death. Data was obtained from the PubMed and Google Scholar platforms.

Endometriosis is a complex disease syndrome characterized by chronic inflammation affecting mainly the pelvic organs. The etiopathogenesis is not fully understood. In the course of trying to understand the mechanisms that lead to the development of endometriosis, many hypotheses have been put forward, such as the theory of retrograde blood flow or the theory of metaplasia and induction. Endometriosis is the cause of many ailments and deterioration of the quality of life. In addition, it is an important factor in problems with getting pregnant and infertility. This paper is the summary of the survey results. The aim of the study to collect information of the awareness of the disease, methods of treatment and coping with ailments. The study was conducted via an online survey in the period from January to March 2020. The generated link [1], redirecting directly to the survey was placed on internet groups that gather women struggling with endometriosis. The results of the survey are presented below.