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Objective: To describe the health-related quality of life (QOL) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) associated with congenital Zika infection. Methods: Cross-sectional study of a consecutive series of children, followed in a referral multicentric rehabilitation network in Brazil. We invited the caregivers to respond to the Brazilian version of the Caregiver Priorities & Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILDTM) questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 26.0™. We used absolute and relative frequencies for categorical variables and mean and standard deviation for continuous variables. Results: The sample consisted of 193 children, at mean age of 50.3±7.6 months. We observed a predominance of children with cerebral palsy (CP) with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level V (93.7%). Epilepsy (88.4%) was the most common comorbidity. CPCHILDTM mean scores were activities of daily living (ADL)/personal care 43.2±12.6; positioning, transferring and mobility 33.7±16.5; comfort and emotions 84.4±15.2; communication and social interaction (CoSI) 48.2±24.3; health 70.9±17.1; and overall quality of life (OQOL) 72.1±17.1. Total score was 54.8±11.3. Conclusions: Among children with cerebral palsy (CP) related to congenital Zika syndrome, the quality of life (QOL) scores were very similar to other populations with cerebral palsy (CP). The activities of positioning, transferring and mobility had the greatest impact on health-related quality of life (QOL). Rehabilitation strategies and public policies should prioritize aspects related to mobility for this population. RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em crianças com paralisia cerebral associada à infecção congênita pelo zika. Métodos: Estudo transversal de série consecutiva de casos de crianças acompanhadas em uma rede multicêntrica de reabilitação no Brasil. Convidamos o(s) cuidador(es) a responder à versão brasileira do Caregiver Priorities & Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILDTM). A análise estatística foi realizada com o pacote estatístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 26.0™. Para variáveis categóricas, foram utilizadas frequências absolutas e relativas e, para variáveis contínuas, média e desvio padrão. Resultados: Cento e noventa e três crianças, com idade média de 50,3±7,6 meses, foram incluídas. Observou-se predomínio de crianças com paralisia cerebral Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) nível V (93,7%). Epilepsia (88,4%) foi a comorbidade mais comum. As pontuações médias do CPCHILDTM foram: atividades de vida diária/cuidados pessoais 43,2±12,6; posicionamento, transferência e mobilidade 33,7±16,5; conforto e emoções 84,4±15,2; comunicação e interação social 48,2±24,3; saúde 70,9±17,1; e qualidade de vida geral 72,1±17,1. A pontuação total foi 54,8±11,3. Conclusões: Entre as crianças com paralisia cerebral relacionada à síndrome do zika congênita, as atividades de posicionamento, transferência e mobilidade tiveram maior impacto na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, semelhantemente a outras etiologias de paralisia cerebral. As estratégias de reabilitação e as políticas públicas devem priorizar os aspectos relacionados à mobilidade dessa população.

The human microbiome is an integral component of the human body and a co-determinant of several health conditions1,2. However, the extent to which interpersonal relations shape the individual genetic makeup of the microbiome and its transmission within and across populations remains largely unknown3,4. Here, capitalizing on more than 9,700 human metagenomes and computational strain-level profiling, we detected extensive bacterial strain sharing across individuals (more than 10 million instances) with distinct mother-to-infant, intra-household and intra-population transmission patterns. Mother-to-infant gut microbiome transmission was considerable and stable during infancy (around 50% of the same strains among shared species (strain-sharing rate)) and remained detectable at older ages. By contrast, the transmission of the oral microbiome occurred largely horizontally and was enhanced by the duration of cohabitation. There was substantial strain sharing among cohabiting individuals, with 12% and 32% median strain-sharing rates for the gut and oral microbiomes, and time since cohabitation affected strain sharing more than age or genetics did. Bacterial strain sharing additionally recapitulated host population structures better than species-level profiles did. Finally, distinct taxa appeared as efficient spreaders across transmission modes and were associated with different predicted bacterial phenotypes linked with out-of-host survival capabilities. The extent of microorganism transmission that we describe underscores its relevance in human microbiome studies5, especially those on non-infectious, microbiome-associated diseases., This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC-STG project MetaPG-716575 and ERC-CoG microTOUCH-101045015) to N.S. and by EMBO ALTF 593–2020 to M.V.-C. The work was also partially supported by MIUR ‘Futuro in Ricerca’ (grant no. RBFR13EWWI_001) to N.S., by the European H2020 programme (ONCOBIOME-825410 project, MASTER-818368 project, and IHMCSA-964590) to N.S., by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (1U01CA230551) to N.S., by the Premio Internazionale Lombardia e Ricerca 2019 to N.S., by the Simons Foundation (award ID 648614) to E.D. and N.S., and by the European Research Council (ERC-STG project Mami-639226) to M.C.C

Objective: To describe the health-related quality of life (QOL) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) associated with congenital Zika infection. Methods: Cross-sectional study of a consecutive series of children, followed in a referral multicentric rehabilitation network in Brazil. We invited the caregivers to respond to the Brazilian version of the Caregiver Priorities & Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILDTM) questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 26.0™. We used absolute and relative frequencies for categorical variables and mean and standard deviation for continuous variables. Results: The sample consisted of 193 children, at mean age of 50.3±7.6 months. We observed a predominance of children with cerebral palsy (CP) with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level V (93.7%). Epilepsy (88.4%) was the most common comorbidity. CPCHILDTM mean scores were activities of daily living (ADL)/personal care 43.2±12.6; positioning, transferring and mobility 33.7±16.5; comfort and emotions 84.4±15.2; communication and social interaction (CoSI) 48.2±24.3; health 70.9±17.1; and overall quality of life (OQOL) 72.1±17.1. Total score was 54.8±11.3. Conclusions: Among children with cerebral palsy (CP) related to congenital Zika syndrome, the quality of life (QOL) scores were very similar to other populations with cerebral palsy (CP). The activities of positioning, transferring and mobility had the greatest impact on health-related quality of life (QOL). Rehabilitation strategies and public policies should prioritize aspects related to mobility for this population.

Currently, there is a demand to produce science in a participatory way, since agents of society – researchers, legislators, politicians, educators, entrepreneurs and citizens – must be involved in the scientific production process (from the construction of the agenda to the completion of the project and results) in order to foster the construction of a responsible society with the future. The challenges arising from this context have been object of theoretical approaches to Research and Responsible Innovation, which article describes, examines and contextualizes in the current scenario. The methodology includes bibliometric and bibliographic reviews, used in order to understand the dissemination of the term in the English and Portuguese (Brazil) languages, in addition to rescuing the context of the RRI, exploring its concepts and principles. We sought to reflect on the challenges of implementing RRI in Brazil. It is expected to contribute to the RRI dialogue in the country and to raise reflections on the importance of applying it to agents and initiatives responsible for the socioeconomic and environmental spheres., Atualmente, há uma demanda para se produzir ciência de forma participativa, já que agentes da sociedade – pesquisadores, legisladores, políticos, educadores, empreendedores e cidadãos – deveriam se engajar no processo da produção científica (desde a construção da agenda até a concretização do projeto e resultados) com o intuito de fomentar a construção de uma sociedade responsável com o futuro. Os desafios deste contexto têm sido objeto de abordagens teóricas de Responsible Research and Innovation (traduzido por Pesquisa e Inovação Responsáveis), que este artigo descreve, examina e contextualiza no cenário atual. A metodologia engloba revisões bibliométrica e bibliográfica, utilizadas a fim de facilitar a compreensão da disseminação do conceito nas línguas inglesa e portuguesa (Brasil), além de resgatar o contexto da PIR, explorar suas conceituações e princípios. Buscou-se refletir sobre os desafios da implementação da PIR no Brasil. Espera-se contribuir para o diálogo da PIR no País e suscitar reflexões sobre a importância de aplicá-la para fortalecer agentes e iniciativas responsáveis nos âmbitos socioeconômico e ambiental.

Mental health care has been shifting from treating mental illness to health promotion. Occupational therapists aligned with the new paradigm can include leisure in their recovery-oriented interventions helping mental health patients live a meaningful and satisfactory life. The aim of this paper is to determine the common perceptions of leisure among occupational therapists who practice in mental health settings, and to understand how they implement leisure as an intervention when working with individuals with severe mental health disorders. A qualitative methodology was used to explore Occupational Therapy perceptions of leisure. Through snowball sampling 5 occupational therapists from a metropolitan city in the Midwest of the United States of America to complete a semi-structured interview were recruited. American Occupational Therapy Association Practice Framework (3rd edition) guided the thematic analysis. Three themes emerged, including Concepts of Leisure, Occupations, and Leisure as Therapy. Theme definitions, examples and implications are discussed. Although occupational therapy practitioners in mental health consider leisure important, it is underutilized in their interventions. The professional’s perspectives of leisure influences how they include it in their practice. La atención de la salud mental ha pasado de tratar las enfermedades mentales a promover la salud mental. Los terapeutas ocupacionales alineados con el nuevo paradigma pueden incluir el ocio en sus intervenciones orientadas a la recuperación para ayudar a los pacientes de salud mental a vivir una vida significativa y satisfactoria. El objetivo de este artículo es determinar las percepciones comunes del ocio entre los terapeutas ocupacionales que trabajan con salud mental y comprender cómo implementan el ocio como una intervención cuando trabajan con personas con trastornos graves de salud mental. Fue utilizada metodología cualitativa para explorar las percepciones del ocio de estos terapeutas ocupacionales. A través de una amuestra de bola de nieve, 5 terapeutas ocupacionales de salud mental de una ciudad metropolitana en el Medio Oeste de los Estados Unidos contestaran una entrevista semiestructurada. El Marco de Práctica de la Asociación Estadounidense de Terapia Ocupacional (tercera edición) guio el análisis temático. Surgieron tres temas: los conceptos de ocio, ocupaciones y ocio como terapia. Se discuten las definiciones, los ejemplos y las implicaciones de los temas. Aunque los profesionales de la terapia ocupacional en salud mental consideran que el ocio es importante, está infrautilizado en sus intervenciones. La perspectiva del ocio del profesional influye en cómo lo incluye en su práctica. Os cuidados em saúde mental têm mudado do tratamento focado em sintomas para a promoção da saúde mental. Os terapeutas ocupacionais alinhados com o novo paradigma podem incluir o lazer em suas intervenções voltadas para a recuperação, ajudando os pacientes de saúde mental a viver uma vida significativa e satisfatória. O objetivo deste artigo é determinar as percepções comuns de lazer entre terapeutas ocupacionais atuantes na saúde mental e entender como eles implementam o lazer como uma intervenção, ao trabalhar com indivíduos com transtornos mentais graves. Foi utilizada metodologia qualitativa para explorar as percepções de lazer destes terapeutas ocupacionais. Por meio da amostragem em bola de neve, 5 terapeutas ocupacionais de uma cidade metropolitana no meio-oeste dos Estados Unidos foram recrutados para responder uma entrevista semiestruturada. A estrutura de prática da Associação Americana de Terapia Ocupacional (3ª edição) orientou a análise temática. Surgiram três temas: Conceitos de Lazer, Ocupações e Lazer como terapia. Definições, exemplos e implicações de temas são discutidos. Embora os profissionais de Terapia Ocupacional em saúde mental considerem o lazer importante, ele é subutilizado em suas intervenções. As perspectivas de lazer do profissional influenciam como ele o inclui em sua prática.

In an analysis of the themes leisure, youth and violence, the Study Group on Sociology and Pedagogy in Sport and Leisure at the Federal University of Minas Gerais investigated, using advanced search tools, on the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Database, the publications, from 2014 to 2019, that articulate these constructs. The objective was to present updated evidence about the theme and bring contextualized actions and reflections that include leisure of a young public. 11 articles were found when the search was for binomials. Being found 7 referring to leisure and youth and 4 - leisure and violence. GESPEL researchers conclude that the articles found – 58 of which were leisure, 4 were leisure and violence and 7 had the descriptors youth, violence, and examples of leisure experiences – are concentrated in researchers from sociology, psychology, cultural studies and little expression in leisure studies, which shows little contribution from researchers in the field of leisure who approach the articulation with youth and violence. However, all articles cited the three themes in some way, emphasizing the importance of developing dense studies on the subject, which is of great relevance in the contemporary world. En un análisis de los temas de ocio, juventud y violencia, el Grupo de Estudio sobre Sociología y Pedagogía en el Deporte y el Ocio, de la Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais [UFMG], investigó, utilizando herramientas de búsqueda avanzada, en el Portal de la Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), las publicaciones, de los últimos cinco años, que articulan esas construcciones. El objetivo fue presentar evidencia actualizada sobre el tema y buscar ayudar a reflexionar sobre acciones contextualizadas que incluyen el ocio para los jóvenes. Se encontraron 11 artículos cuando la búsqueda era por binomios, siendo que 7 de los binomios violencia y juventud, 4 referentes a ocio y violencia. Los investigadores concluyen que los artículos encontrados en el referido portal – 58 del concepto de ocio, 4 del binomio ocio y violencia y 7 que tienen los descriptores juventud, violencia y ejemplos de experiencias de ocio – se concentran en investigadores de sociología, psicología, estudios culturales y poca expresión en el estudio del ocio, lo que muestra poca contribución de los investigadores en el campo del ocio que abordan la articulación con la juventud y la violencia. Sin embargo, todos los artículos citaron los tres temas de alguna manera, enfatizando la importancia de desarrollar estudios densos sobre el tema, lo cual es de gran relevancia en el mundo contemporáneo. Em uma análise dos temas lazer, juventude e violência, o Grupo de Estudos em Sociologia e Pedagogia em Esporte e Lazer, da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, investigou, usando ferramentas de buscas avançadas, no Portal da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), as publicações entre 2014-2019, as quais articulam esses constructos. Objetivou se apresentar evidências atualizadas sobre o tema e busca auxiliar na reflexão de ações contextualizadas que incluam o lazer para o público jovem. Foram encontrados 11 artigos quando a busca era por binômios, dos quais 7 referentes a lazer e juventude e 4 referentes a lazer e violência. Os pesquisadores concluem que os artigos encontrados no referido portal – 58 do conceito lazer, 4 do binômio lazer e violência e 7 que apresentavam os descritores juventude, violência e exemplos de vivências de lazer – estão concentrados em pesquisadores da sociologia, psicologia, estudos culturais e em pouca expressão nos estudos do lazer. Observa-se pouca contribuição dos pesquisadores do campo do lazer que abordam a articulação de juventude e violência. Contudo, todos os artigos de alguma forma citaram os três temas, ressaltando a importância do desenvolvimento de estudos densos sobre o assunto, que ganha grande relevância no mundo contemporâneo.

Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Population movement is a major driver for infectious disease transmission and can impact the success of disease control and elimination strategies. The relationship between disease transmission and permanent migration is well documented, but fewer studies have considered how different types of population mobility affects disease transmission and control programmes. This qualitative study was conducted on two islands of the Bijagós archipelago, Guinea Bissau to understand spatial and temporal population movement, and reasons for these movements, within, between and away from the Bijagós islands. Data were collected on two islands using key informant interviews (n = 8), daily activity-location interviews (n = 30) and focus group discussions (n = 6). Data were analysed thematically using an adapted typology of mobility. Findings revealed that movement within and between islands, and from islands to the mainland, was a common feature of island life for men and women alike. It was usual for trips away from home to last for several months at a time. Five key reasons for travel were identified: subsistence activities; family events; income generating activities; cultural festivities and healthcare. These movements often occurred erratically all year round, with the exception of seasonal travel within and between islands for agricultural purposes. Our study characterised detailed patterns of human mobility in the Bijagós islands as a first step towards understanding the potential impact of different types of mobility on disease exposure, transmission and public health programmes. Short-term mobility may have a significant impact on the spread of infectious diseases with short incubation periods. Predictable movements, such as travel for seasonal agricultural work, should be taken into account for tailoring and increasing the reach of public health interventions. Further research is needed to understand the role of human behaviour and mobility in disease transmission and control across the archipelago., This work was supported by the Medical Research Council grantnumber MR/P023843/1 awarded to David Mabey at the London Schoolof Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.

The Occupational Science, created in 1980 at the Department of Occupational Therapy at the University of Southern California, studies human occupations with attention to their meaning and cultural context, as well as it studies the human being as an occupational being in the complexity of everyday life. The concept of leisure by Christianne Gomes, a Brazilian author, emerged in the years 2000. She identified the leisure as a human need and questions the idea of ​​ it as the opposite of work. Frequently, the concepts of leisure and occupation are initially considered different, reason for which this article raises the question: is there any proximity between the concept of leisure proposed by Gomes (2004) and the occupational perception formulated by the postulates of the traditional occupational science? Therefore, this paper, in an essay format, seeks to correlate the Gomes leisure understanding with the occupation as proposed by the traditional occupational science, observing points of interaction and contradictory aspects. A comprehension of the concept in the perspective of occupational science creates bridges to unite the two knowledge, with familiar lecture. In the end, thoughts on the two themes, give us a comprehension of leisure as an important and necessary occupation for the current human being. La Ciencia de la Ocupación, creada en 1980 en el Departamento de Terapia Ocupacional de la Universidad del Sur de California, estudia las ocupaciones humanas centrandose en su significado y contexto cultural, conceptualiza al ser humano como un ser ocupacional en la complejidad de la cotidianidad. El concepto de ocio de Christianne Gomes, en Brazil, surgió en la década de 2000. Ella identifico el ocio como una necesidad humana y cuestiona la idea de que éste sea lo contrario al trabajo. Vulgarmente los conceptos de ocio y de ocupación son considerados contrapuestos, por ello es que, este artículo se plantea la pregunta: ¿existe aproximación entre el concepto de ocio planteado por Gomes (2004) y la perceptiva ocupacional que formulados por la ciencia de la ocupación tradicional? Este trabajo, en un formato de ensayo, busca correlacionar el concepto de ocio de Gomes con la propuesta de ocupación de la ciencia ocupacional clásica, observando sus puntos de interacción y aspectos contradictorios. Comprender este concepto desde la perspectiva de la ciencia ocupacional crea puentes para unir los dos conocimientos, con similares lecturas. A posteriori, las reflexiones sobre los dos temas, nos dan el significado del ocio como una ocupación importante y necesario para el ser humano actual. A Ciência da Ocupação, criada em 1980 no Departamento de Terapia Ocupacional da University of Southern California, estuda as ocupações humanas com atenção ao seu significado e contexto cultural, bem como estuda o ser humano como um ser ocupacional na complexidade do cotidiano. O conceito de lazer de Christianne Gomes, autora brasileira, surgiu nos anos 2000. Ela identificou o lazer como uma necessidade humana e questiona a ideia de que ele seja oposto ao trabalho. Geralmente, os conceitos de lazer e ocupação são inicialmente considerados distintos, razão pela qual este artigo levanta a questão: há aproximação entre o conceito de lazer proposto por Gomes (2004) e a percepção ocupacional formulada pela ciência da ocupação tradicional? Portanto, este trabalho, em forma de ensaio, busca correlacionar o entendimento de lazer de Gomes com a proposta de ocupação da ciência ocupacional clássica, observando seus pontos de interação e aspectos contraditórios. A compreensão do conceito na perspectiva da ciência ocupacional cria pontes para unir os dois saberes, com leituras familiares. A posteriori as reflexões sobre os dois temas, dão-nos o sentido do lazer como uma ocupação importante e necessária para o ser humano atual.

Distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs), passive detection and treatment with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), and intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) are the mainstay malaria control measures of Guinea-Bissau’s national control programme. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum on Bubaque, the most populous island of the country’s remote Bijagos archipelago. A cross-sectional survey was performed at the start of the rainy season in August 2017. Participants were recruited using systematic random sampling in a two-stage stratified cluster design. Malaria parasitemia was detected using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Data on housing, education, larval source management, socioeconomic status, anemia, and malaria preventive measures were collected. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to identify associations with P. falciparum infection. Four hundred four persons (aged 6 months–79 years, median 17 years) were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of P. falciparum parasitemia was 5.8% by RDT (95% CI: 3.55–9.33) and 16.9% by qPCR (95% CI: 13.09–21.71). The prevalence of anemia was 74.3% (95% CI: 69.04–78.85) as defined by the WHO criteria. All sampled houses were found to have open eaves; 99.5% of the surveyed population reported sleeping under a bednet (95% CI: 97.8–99.9). Although reported LLIN use is high, there remains an appreciable prevalence of malaria, suggesting that transmission is ongoing and further tools are required to reduce the burden of the disease.

Background Trachoma is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide and is nearing elimination as a public health problem in Guinea Bissau. It is imperative that elimination is followed by a successful postvalidation surveillance programme. The aim of this study was to determine the acceptability and perceived utility of different diagnostic tests and sample types that could be used for postvalidation trachoma surveillance in the Bijagos Islands, Guinea Bissau. Methods Semistructured interviews with community members and stakeholders involved in trachoma elimination were followed by focus group discussions with community members, covering experiences with trachoma and views on trachoma diagnostic methods and sample types. Results In this setting, all diagnostic tests and sample types used for trachoma surveillance were generally considered acceptable by communities. A preference for laboratory-based testing and finger-prick blood samples was expressed as these results were considered more accurate and applicable to a range of diseases beyond trachoma. Conclusions Appropriate community and stakeholder engagement and communication regarding the purpose and processes around diagnostic practice prior to trachoma programme implementation are crucial for long-term successful disease-elimination efforts.

Orientador(a): Prof(a). Dr(a). Paulo Tadeu Da Silva Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós Graduação em Filosofia. São Bernardo do Campo, 2021 A presente dissertação é um estudo sobre a centralidade do texto em aulas de filosofia para o Ensino Médio. Ela está redigida em estilo ensaístico, pois, em grande parte, apresenta-se como um relato de experiência do cotidiano em sala de aula e tem como objetivos teorizar uma prática que culmina em uma metodologia didático-pedagógicafilosófica de aula. Ao mesmo tempo, anseia por responder algumas questões fundamentais: Qual a visão de filosofia da professora de filosofia que desenvolve essa narrativa? Como essa visão transparece de forma coerente nas aulas que ministra? Uma contadora de história pode, de fato, ser professora de filosofia? Ao se perguntar sobre tudo isso vai também apresentando seu lugar filosófico como desnaturalização do olhar, perda do chão e possibilidade de reconstrução de sub-versões de mundo. Ao debruçar-se sobre a invenção de um método, apoia-se muito de Paulo Freire, de escuta e leitura de textos. Escuta manifesta em contação de histórias e leitura de texto clássicos da tradição filosófica. Apresenta também uma sugestão de material didático que visa englobar tudo isso e tece uma análise crítica desse mesmo material. Termina apresentando pontos de reflexão despertados pela própria pesquisa em sua incompletude de ser no mundo. This text is a study on the centrality of the text in philosophy classes for High School. It is written in an essay style, because, in large part, it presents itself as an account of everyday experience in the classroom and aims to theorize a practice that culminates in a didactic-pedagogical-philosophical methodology in class. At the same time, it is eager to answer some fundamental questions: What is the philosophy professor's view of philosophy that develops this narrative? How does this vision appear in a coherent way in the classes you teach? Can a storyteller really be a philosophy teacher? When asked about all of this, he also presents his philosophical place as the denaturalization of the gaze, the loss of the ground and the possibility of reconstructing sub-versions of the world. While going through the invention of a method that they have a lot of Paulo Freire, of listening and reading texts. Listening manifests in storytelling and reading classic texts from the philosophical tradition. It also presents a suggestion of didactic material that aims to encompass all of this and makes a critical analysis of that same material. It ends by presenting points of reflection awakened by the research itself in its incompleteness of being in the world.

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior O lazer é uma das áreas de ocupação humana inseridas no cotidiano, sendo um campo de estudo e atuação do terapeuta ocupacional. Usuários da saúde mental, devido a comprometimento por causa da patologia, estigma social ou por motivos subjetivos e singulares, apresentam diversas áreas ocupacionais da vida prejudicadas, sendo o lazer uma delas. A pesquisa, apresentada nesta tese investigou e analisou como se configura o lazer na assistência, prestada por terapeutas ocupacionais, a usuários adultos atendidos nos serviços públicos de urgência de saúde mental do município de Belo Horizonte/MG. Especificamente foi investigada a interface entre Lazer e Terapia Ocupacional; analisada a percepção dos terapeutas ocupacionais atuantes nos serviços públicos de urgência de saúde mental adulto do município de Belo Horizonte, sobre o lazer e investigado o raciocínio clínico terapêutico ocupacional dos profissionais que incluem o lazer em suas práticas. Utilizou-se guia de entrevista semiestruturada com 23 terapeutas ocupacionais atuantes na urgência em saúde mental da rede pública municipal de Belo Horizonte, precisamente nos Centros de Referência em Saúde Mental e nos Centros de Referência em Saúde Mental Álcool e Drogas. Foram excluídos os terapeutas que atuam na rede de saúde mental assistindo apenas crianças. Os dados foram analisados seguindo a metodologia hermenêutica-dialética proposta por Minayo. 13 categorias foram identificadas e organizadas em 3 temas: Compreendendo o Lazer, Lazer no Cotidiano e Temas Transversais. Conclui-se que o aprendizado dos terapeutas ocupacionais, seja formal ou informal, influencia suas concepções de lazer, assim como, a inclusão ou não desta ocupação em seu raciocínio clinico terapêutico ocupacional e fazer laboral. O contexto político socioeconômico e cultural do Brasil e a organização do trabalho nos CERSAMs também estão em íntima correlação com a atuação dos profissionais, seja com impactos desafiantes ou potencializando o cuidado. O lazer na perspectiva de dimensão da cultura e necessidade humana, aliado aos princípios da reabilitação psicossocial e da reforma psiquiátrica brasileira, e entendido como ocupação a partir de reflexões e conceitos advindos da Ciência Ocupacional, pode ser aliado terapêutico aos profissionais e usuários, ao ser ferramenta que fomente prazer, pertencimento social, autonomia, contratualidade e consciência ocupacional. Leisure is one of the areas of human occupation inserted in daily life, being a field of study and of occupational therapy intervention. Mental health users, due to impairment due to pathology, social stigma or for subjective and singular reasons, have several impaired occupational areas of life, with leisure being one of them. The research, presented in this thesis, investigated and analyzed how leisure assistance is configured, provided by occupational therapists, to adult users assisted in public mental health emergency services in the city of Belo Horizonte / MG. The interface between Leisure and Occupational Therapy was specifically investigated; analyzed the perception of occupational therapists working in public emergency services of adult mental health in the city of Belo Horizonte, about leisure and investigated the occupational therapeutic clinical reasoning of professionals who include leisure in their practices. A semi-structured interview guide was used with 23 occupational therapists working in the mental health emergency in the municipal public network of care of Belo Horizonte, precisely in the Reference Centers in Mental Health and in the Reference Centers in Mental Health Alcohol and Drugs. Occupational therapists working in the mental health network assisting only children were excluded. The data were analyzed following the hermeneutic-dialectic methodology proposed by Minayo. 13 categories were identified and organized into 3 themes: Understanding Leisure, Leisure in Everyday Life and Cross-cutting Themes. It is concluded that the learning of occupational therapists, whether formal or informal, influences their conceptions of leisure, as well as, the inclusion or not of this occupation in their clinical reasoning and occupational therapeutic work. The socioeconomic and cultural political context of Brazil and the organization of work at CERSAMs are also closely correlated with the performance of professionals, whether with challenging impacts or enhancing care. Leisure in the perspective of the dimension of culture and human need combined with the principles of psychosocial rehabilitation and Brazilian psychiatric reform and, understood as an occupation based on reflections and concepts arising from Occupational Science, can be a therapeutic ally to professionals and users as a tool that promotes pleasure, social belonging, autonomy, contractuality and occupational consciousness.

This article presents the results of a study on the construction process of the Political-Pedagogical Project (PPP) carried out at a school in Quixadá / Ce. This document indicates a path to be followed explicitly by a school. The objective was to investigate how the development of this educational policy, the PPP, takes place, given the Brazilian educational context that has been launched in recent years and what is its connection with the school reality examined. The adopted methodology was a case study, with essential sources guided by the qualitative research in the analysis of the data, the structured questionnaire and the focus group were used as instrument, articulated with the available theoretical framework on the theme. In this research, we spoke with Ilma Passos Alencastro Veiga, the main theorist in deepening the theme. The results of the investigation announce that the PPP is connected to the school unit, but for it to be effectively elaborated and / or executed, with the full participation of the educational community, operating in a democratic manner with the involvement of the various segments, in a way that it will contribute for the pedagogical work of the teaching unit. Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio sobre el proceso de construcción del Proyecto Político-Pedagógico (PPP) realizado en una escuela de Quixadá / Ce. Este documento indica un camino a seguir explícitamente por una escuela. El objetivo fue investigar cómo se desarrolla el desarrollo de esta política educativa, el PPP, dado el contexto educativo brasileño que se ha lanzado en los últimos años y cuál es su conexión con la realidad escolar examinada. La metodología adoptada fue un estudio de caso, con fuentes esenciales guiadas por la investigación cualitativa en el análisis de los datos, se utilizó como instrumento el cuestionario estructurado y el grupo focal, articulado con el marco teórico disponible sobre el tema. En esta investigación, conversamos con Ilma Passos Alencastro Veiga, la principal teórica en la profundización del tema. Los resultados de la investigación anuncian que el PPP está conectado a la unidad escolar, pero para que sea efectivamente elaborado y / o ejecutado, con la plena participación de la comunidad educativa, operando de manera democrática con la participación de los distintos segmentos, de manera que contribuya para el trabajo pedagógico de la unidad didáctica. Este artigo apresenta resultados de um estudo sobre processo de construção do Projeto Político-Pedagógico (PPP) realizado numa escola em Quixadá/Ce. Esse documento indica um caminho a ser seguido de forma explícita por uma escola. Objetivou-se investigar como ocorre a elaboração dessa política educacional, o PPP, diante do contexto educacional brasileiro que se lança nos últimos anos e qual sua conexão com a realidade escolar examinada. A metodologia adotada foi um estudo de caso, com fontes essenciais norteada pela pesquisa qualitativa na análise dos dados, foram utilizados como instrumento o questionário estruturado e o grupo focal, articulados com o quadro teórico disponível sobre o tema. Nessa pesquisa, dialogou-se com Ilma Passos Alencastro Veiga, principal teórico no aprofundamento da temática. Os resultados da investigação anunciam que o PPP tem conexão com a unidade escolar, mas para que seja efetivamente elaborado e/ou executado, com a participação integral da comunidade educativa, operando de forma democrática com o envolvimento dos diversos segmentos, de forma que venha contribuir para o trabalho pedagógico da unidade de ensino.

Este artigo apresenta resultados de um estudo sobre processo de construção do Projeto Político-Pedagógico (PPP) realizado numa escola em Quixadá/Ce. Esse documento indica um caminho a ser seguido de forma explícita por uma escola. Objetivou-se investigar como ocorre a elaboração dessa política educacional, o PPP, diante do contexto educacional brasileiro que se lança nos últimos anos e qual sua conexão com a realidade escolar examinada. A metodologia adotada foi um estudo de caso, com fontes essenciais norteada pela pesquisa qualitativa na análise dos dados, foram utilizados como instrumento o questionário estruturado e o grupo focal, articulados com o quadro teórico disponível sobre o tema. Nessa pesquisa, dialogou-se com Ilma Passos Alencastro Veiga, principal teórico no aprofundamento da temática. Os resultados da investigação anunciam que o PPP tem conexão com a unidade escolar, mas para que seja efetivamente elaborado e/ou executado, com a participação integral da comunidade educativa, operando de forma democrática com o envolvimento dos diversos segmentos, de forma que venha contribuir para o trabalho pedagógico da unidade de ensino.

Em uma análise dos temas lazer, juventude e violência, o Grupo de Estudos em Sociologia e Pedagogia em Esporte e Lazer, da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, investigou, usando ferramentas de buscas avançadas, no Portal da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), as publicações entre 2014-2019, as quais articulam esses constructos. Objetivou se apresentar evidências atualizadas sobre o tema e busca auxiliar na reflexão de ações contextualizadas que incluam o lazer para o público jovem. Foram encontrados 11 artigos quando a busca era por binômios, dos quais 7 referentes a lazer e juventude e 4 referentes a lazer e violência. Os pesquisadores concluem que os artigos encontrados no referido portal – 58 do conceito lazer, 4 do binômio lazer e violência e 7 que apresentavam os descritores juventude, violência e exemplos de vivências de lazer – estão concentrados em pesquisadores da sociologia, psicologia, estudos culturais e em pouca expressão nos estudos do lazer. Observa-se pouca contribuição dos pesquisadores do campo do lazer que abordam a articulação de juventude e violência. Contudo, todos os artigos de alguma forma citaram os três temas, ressaltando a importância do desenvolvimento de estudos densos sobre o assunto, que ganha grande relevância no mundo contemporâneo.

Introduction Skin diseases represent a significant public health problem in most low and middle income settings. Nevertheless, there is a relative paucity of high-quality epidemiological data on the prevalence of these conditions. Materials/Methods We conducted two cross-sectional population-based skin-surveys of children (6 months to 9 years old) in the Bijagós Archipelago of Guinea-Bissau during the dry season (February-March 2018) and the wet season (June-July 2018). Following a period of training, a nurse performed a standardised examination for communicable dermatoses for each participant. We calculated the prevalence of each skin condition and investigated demographic associations. Results 1062 children were enrolled in the dry season survey of whom 318 (29.9%) had at least one skin diseases. The most common diagnosis was tinea capitis (154/1062, 14.5% - 95% CI 12.5–16.8%) followed by tinea corporis (84/1062, 7.9% - 95% CI 6.4–9.7%), pyoderma (82/1062, 7.7% - 95% CI 6.2–9.5%) and scabies (56/1062. 5.2% - 95%CI 4.0–6.8%). 320 children were enrolled in the wet season survey of whom 121 (37.8%) had at least one skin problem. Tinea capitis remained the most common diagnosis (79/320, 24.7% - 95% CI 20.1–29.9%), followed by pyoderma (38/320, 11.9% - 95% CI 8.6–16.1%), tinea corporis (23/320, 7.2% - 95% 4.7–10.7%) and scabies (6/320, 1.9% - 95% CI 0.8–4.2%). Conclusions Our study, which utilised robust population-based cluster random sampling methodology, demonstrates the substantial disease burden caused by common communicable dermatoses in this setting. Given these findings, there is a need to consider common dermatoses as part of Universal Health Coverage to deliver ‘skin-health for all’., Author summary Skin conditions are very common in many low and middle income settings but there have been relatively few surveys of skin disease conducted using the best epidemiological approaches. We performed two cross-sectional population-based skin-surveys of children in the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau, using gold-standard sampling methodologies. Skin conditions were extremely common and almost 30% of children had at least one common, infectious skin condition in both surveys. Fungal skin and scalp infections were the most common conditions followed by bacterial skin infections. Our survey demonstrates that common, easily treatable skin conditions are responsible for a high burden of disease in this population. Skin-health should be considered a key component of the Universal Health Coverage agenda.

BackgroundTrachoma, a neglected tropical disease, is the leading infectious cause of blindness and visual impairment worldwide. Host responses to ocular chlamydial infection resulting in chronic inflammation and expansion of non-chlamydial bacteria are hypothesised risk factors for development of active trachoma and conjunctival scarringMethodsOcular swabs from trachoma endemic populations in The Gambia were selected from archived samples for 16S sequencing and host conjunctival gene expression. We recruited children with active trachoma and adults with conjunctival scarring, alongside corresponding matched controls.FindingsIn children, active trachoma was not associated with significant changes in the ocular microbiome.Haemophilusenrichment was associated with antimicrobial responses but not linked to active trachoma. Adults with scarring trachoma had a reduced ocular bacterial diversity compared to controls, with increased relative abundance ofCorynebacterium. Increased abundance ofCorynebacteriumin scarring disease was associated with innate immune responses to the microbiota, dominated by altered mucin expression and increased matrix adhesion.InterpretationIn the absence of currentC. trachomatisinfection, changes in the ocular microbiome associate with antimicrobial and inflammatory responses that impair epithelial cell health. In scarring trachoma, expansion of ‘non-pathogenic’ bacteria such asCorynebacteriumand innate responses are coincident, warranting further investigation of this relationship. Comparisons between active and scarring trachoma supported the relative absence of type-1 interferon responses in scarring, whilst highlighting a common suppression of re-epithelialisation with altered epithelial and bacterial adhesion, likely contributing to development of scarring pathology.

IntroductionScabies is highly endemic among impoverished populations and has been recently included in the WHO’s list of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Community support and behavioural changes are essential for the success of control interventions. This study aimed to explore beliefs, prevention attitudes and health care-seeking behaviours towards scabies in the Bijagós Archipelago of Guinea-Bissau.MethodsData were collected through two methods. Community key informants (community members, community health workers, healthcare workers and traditional healers) were interviewed using snowball sampling. A questionnaire covering perceptions, attitudes and practices was administered to community members using random cluster sampling. Thematic analysis of qualitative data was applied to identify themes. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data analysis.ResultsThere was a satisfactory awareness about scabies, but perceptions about disease causation and transmission were imprecise. Misconceptions about personal hygiene as the primary measure for scabies prevention were recurrent. Some participants recognised the importance of early treatment to interrupt transmission. Treatment of close contacts was not considered important. Costs were the main determining factor for treatment choice between traditional healer and the local health centre. Late presentation and delayed treatment were common and associated with poverty and stigmatisation. Scabies impaired quality of life by affecting social interactions, health, fitness to work and school attendance.ConclusionsThere is a need to improve education, recognition, management and affordable access to treatment. Community education, healthcare workers’ training and skin NTDs integrated control programmes should address the challenges highlighted in this study.Authors SummaryScabies is a common skin infection in low income settings. We conducted a study in Guinea-Bissau to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices about scabies. We conducted interviews with healthcare workers, traditional healers and community members and additionally used an oral-administered questionnaire with a larger sample of community residents. Most individuals had knowledge of scabies and were aware that person to person transmission occurred. However personal and environmental hygiene were both incorrectly identified as particularly important in the transmission of scabies. Cost played a major role in determining where individuals sought care and both poverty and disease associated stigma resulted in delays seeking care. There is a need to improve community and health care worker education about scabies and improve affordable access to treatment.

Epidemics of dengue, Zika, and other arboviral diseases are increasing in frequency and severity. Current efforts to rapidly identify and manage these epidemics are limited by the short diagnostic window in acute infection, the extensive serologic cross-reactivity among flaviviruses, and the lack of point-of-care diagnostics to detect these viral species in primary care settings. The Partnership for Dengue Control organized a workshop to review the current landscape of Flavivirus diagnostics, identified current gaps, and developed strategies to accelerate the adoption of promising novel technologies into national programmes. The rate-limiting step to bringing new diagnostics tools to the market is access to reference materials and well-characterized clinical samples to facilitate performance evaluation. We suggest the creation of an international laboratory response consortium for flaviviruses with a de-centralized biobank of well-charachterized samples to facilitate assay validation. Access to proficiency panels are needed to ensure quality control, in additional to in-country capacity building. Accepted version