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1. Normas de bioseguridad y seguridad laboral en Facultades de Ciencias Veterinarias de Argentina

Author: Mariela Alejandra García Cachau, Adriana Campi, Edmundo Juan Larrieu, and Emiliano Timoteo Alvarez
Subjects: bioseguridad, seguridad laboral, educación, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract: La bioseguridad y seguridad laboral constituyen temas de fundamental importancia en la docencia y en el ejercicio de la profesión veterinaria. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivos conocer la situación de la enseñanza de este tema en distintas Universidades, la aplicación de normas de bioseguridad en la etapa formativa y promover el establecimiento de programas específicos de bioseguridad. Para ello se llevaron a cabo entrevistas y encuestas a autoridades universitarias, docentes, estudiantes y no docentes de todas las Facultades de Veterinaria de Argentina. El análisis de la información indicó que ninguna de las facultades posee un programa establecido como tal y sólo tres Facultades han conformado comisiones de bioseguridad y seguridad laboral. Las Cátedras con mejor nivel de exigencia hacia los alumnos y aplicación de normas son Microbiología, Virología, Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitología. La mayoría de las Facultades encuestadas no incluyen en su presupuesto la provisión sistematizada de elementos y/o equipos de protección para el personal. Se discute la necesidad que en la formación de grado del Médico Veterinario se genere conciencia y conocimiento de los riesgos del ejercicios de la profesión a fin de asegurar una buena calidad de vida profesional
Published: 2017

2. Aporte al estudio de las infecciones por hantavirus en las poblaciones de roedores del noreste de la provincia de La Pampa

Author: Edmundo Juan Larrieu, Larua Jorgelina Cavagión, Gustavo Cantoni, Emiliano Alvarez, Mariela Alejandra Garcia Cachau, Eduardo Herrero, María de los Angeles Bruni, and Adriana Campi
Subjects: hantavirus, roedores, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract: Las enfermedades causadas por virus Hantaan eran llamadas Fiebre Hemorrágica con Síndrome Renal. En 1993 se diagnosticaron en el Suroeste de EEUU un brote causado por un Hantavirus pero con otras características, definiéndoselo como Síndrome Pulmonar por Hantavirus. Este síndrome se ha producido en distintas regiones de Argentina. Uno de los reservorios involucrados en el brote del Sur del país, se encuentra en la Provincia de La Pampa. En esta primera etapa se efectuaron capturas, se sexaron, midieron e identificaron roedores, encontrándose tres individuos de la especie Calomys laucha , supuesto reservorio del brote en Paraguay. También se enviaron muestras al ANLIS-Malbrán, resultando negativas a hanta virus. Se continuará con las actividades de trampeo en el transcurso del presente año
Published: 2017

3. Determinación del grado de regeneración hepática ante tres diferentes técnicas de hepatectomía Parcial

Author: Juan Tomás Wheeler, Lilia Mabel Adagio, Jose Hierro, Adriana Campi, Ricardo Enrique Toso, and Oscar Riesco
Subjects: cirugía, hepatectomía, porcinos, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract: Se determinó el grado de regeneración hepática luego de la lobectomía hepática izquierda. Se compararon los iesultados obtenidos entre tres diferentes técnicas de hepatectomía parcial:sin clampeo vascular hepático, con clampeo vascular parcial y con clampeo vascular total. Como animales de experimentación se utilizaron nueve porcinos divididos en tres grupos de tres animales cada uno. Los resultados se analizaron en base a la histopatología (índice mitótico) y por valoración de enzimas hepáticas. Se concluye que no existe diferencia significativa en el grado de regeneración hepática entre las técnicas comparadas. E1 tiempo de recuperación posoperatorio aumentó en forma proporcional al porcentaje de parénquima hepático extirpado
Published: 2017

4. Fraturas de C1-C2 em pacientes idosos assintomáticos com trauma leve de cabeça: avaliação com protocolo de TC de cabeça dedicado

Author: Carla Uggetti, Lorenzo Carlo Pescatori, Marco Angelo Politi, Silvia Squarza, Raffaele Bisogno, Paolo Reganati, Adriana Campi, and Maurizio Cariati
Subjects: lcsh:Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Traumatismos da coluna vertebral/diagnóstico, Craniocerebral trauma, lcsh:R895-920, Computed tomography, Asymptomatic, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Idoso de 80 anos ou mais, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Spinal injuries/diagnosis, Cervical vertebrae/injuries, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, Tomography, X-ray computed, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Traumatismos craniocerebrais, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Idoso, Original Articles, Cervical spine, Minor head trauma, Tomography x ray computed, Vértebras cervicais/lesões, Tomografia computadorizada, Radiology, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the frequency and types of upper cervical spine injuries in asymptomatic elderly patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) for the investigation of minor head trauma. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study of 2613 asymptomatic elderly patients with minor head trauma seen between January 2015 and December 2016. We adopted a dedicated head CT protocol that included the C1-C2 region. Results: Of the 2613 patients analyzed, 33 (1.26%) had upper cervical spine injuries, corresponding to 8.37% of the 394 patients with trauma-related findings. Of those 33 patients, 6 had C1 fractures and 27 had C2 fractures. The use of 16- and 128-slice scanners increased the CT dose by 25.0% and 23.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Inclusion of the C1-C2 region in head CT scans allowed us to identify upper cervical spine injuries in 1.26% of asymptomatic elderly patients with minor head trauma. The protocol evaluated helps detect potentially life-threatening injuries and could be adopted for routine use in elderly individuals with minor head trauma. Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a frequência e os tipos de lesões da coluna cervical superior em pacientes idosos assintomáticos submetidos a tomografia computadorizada (TC) para investigação de trauma leve na cabeça. Materiais e Métodos: De janeiro de 2015 a dezembro de 2016, analisamos prospectivamente 2613 pacientes idosos assintomáticos com pequeno traumatismo na cabeça. com protocolo de TC dedicado incluindo a região de C1-C2. Resultados: Trinta e três dos 2613 pacientes apresentaram lesões na coluna cervical superior, com frequência de 1,26% em toda a população e de 8,37% (33/394) em pacientes com achados relacionados ao trauma. Seis dos 33 pacientes apresentaram fratura de C1 e 27/33 pacientes apresentaram fratura de C2. A dose de TC aumentou 25% e 23,68% com scanner de 16 e 128 fileiras, respectivamente. Conclusão: A inclusão de C1-C2 na TC de cabeça revelou uma taxa de lesões da coluna cervical superior de 1,26% em pacientes idosos assintomáticos com lesão pequena na cabeça. O protocolo ajuda a detectar potencialmente lesões fatais e pode ser adotado para pessoas idosas com trauma leve na cabeça.
Published: 2019

5. Migraine with aura and white matter lesions: an MRI study

Author: Maurizio Cariati, Silvia Squarza, Fabio Longaretti, Paolo Reganati, Andreana Ardemagni, Alberto Galli, Paola Di Fiore, Adriana Campi, Carla Uggetti, and Fabio Frediani
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Neurology, Adolescent, Aura, Migraine with Aura, Dermatology, White matter, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Neuroradiology, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, White Matter, Hyperintensity, Migraine with aura, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Migraine, Physical therapy, Female, Neurology (clinical), Neurosurgery, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Several studies report the presence of white matter lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with migraine. The aim of our study was to detect the entity of white matter T2-hyperintensities in 90 high selected patients affected by migraine with aura, compared to a group of 90 healthy controls. We found no significant difference of incidence of white matter alterations comparing these two groups.
Published: 2017

6. Marine heatwaves modulate the genotypic and physiological responses of reef‐building corals to subsequent heat stress

Author: Kristen T. Brown, Amatzia Genin, Matheus A. Mello‐Athayde, Ellie Bergstrom, Adriana Campili, Aaron Chai, Sophie G. Dove, Maureen Ho, Devin Rowell, Eugenia M. Sampayo, and Veronica Z. Radice
Subjects: climate change, coral bleaching, corals reefs, ecological memory, heat stress, legacy effects, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Abstract Back‐to‐back marine heatwaves in 2016 and 2017 resulted in severe coral bleaching and mortality across the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Encouragingly, some corals that survived these events exhibit increased bleaching resistance and may represent thermally tolerant populations that can better cope with ocean warming. Using the GBR as a natural laboratory, we investigated whether a history of minimal (Heron Island) or severe (Lizard Island) coral bleaching in 2016 and 2017 equates to stress tolerance in a successive heatwave (2020). We examined the genetic diversity, physiological performance, and trophic plasticity of juvenile (25 cm) corals of two common genera (Pocillopora and Stylophora). Despite enduring greater cumulative heat stress (6.3°C week−1 vs. 5.6°C week−1), corals that experienced the third marine heatwave in 5 years (Lizard) exhibited twice as high survival and visual bleaching thresholds compared to corals that had not experienced significant bleaching in >10 years (Heron). Surprisingly, only one shared host–Symbiodiniaceae association was uncovered between locations (Stylophora pistillata–Cladocopium “C8 group”) and there was no genetic overlap in Pocillopora–Cladocopium partnerships, suggesting turnover in species composition from recent marine heatwaves. Corals within the species complex Pocillopora that survived the 2016 and 2017 marine heatwaves at Lizard Island were the most resilient, exhibiting three times greater calcification rates than conspecifics at Heron Island. Further, surviving corals (Lizard) had distinct isotopic niches, lower host carbon, and greater host protein, while conspecifics that had not experienced recent bleaching (Heron) had two times greater symbiont carbon content, suggesting divergent trophic strategies that influenced survival (i.e., greater reliance on heterotrophy vs. symbiont autotrophy, respectively). Ultimately, while corals may experience less bleaching and survive repeated thermal stress events, species‐specific trade‐offs do occur, leaving open many questions related to the long‐term health and recovery of coral reef ecosystems in the face of intensifying marine heatwaves.
Published: 2023
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7. Semi-automated thresholding technique for measuring lesion volumes in multiple sclerosis: effects of the change of the threshold on the computed lesion loads

Author: Marco Rovaris, Adriana Campi, Clodoaldo Pereira, Massimo Filippi, Giacomo P. Comi, Filippi, Massimo, Rovaris, M, Campi, A, Pereira, C, and Comi, G.
Subjects: Multiple Sclerosis, Threshold limit value, Lesion, Confidence Intervals, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Humans, Neurologic Examination, Observer Variation, Reproducibility, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Brain, Reproducibility of Results, Magnetic resonance imaging, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Thresholding, Confidence interval, Intensity (physics), Neurology, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Nuclear medicine, business
Abstract: Quantitative evaluation of lesion load in multiple sclerosis (MS) from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans is becoming important in understanding and monitoring the progression of the disease. Methods of MS lesion segmentation based on intensity thresholding offer one of the most robust and easily-implemented means of computing the total lesion volume. This study evaluated the effects of slight changes in the choice of intensity threshold on computed lesion volumes in 20 patients with MS using such a technique. After judging the optimum choice of threshold value, the threshold value was increased and decreased by 3% in 1% steps around this value; we observed a mean change of 15% in computed lesion volumes for 1% changes of threshold value. Larger changes in lesion volume were found when the threshold was changed by larger amounts. On the other hand, the amount of time required for manual review decreased, and the confidence with which manual review could be performed increased when using lower thresholds. This study shows that the choice of threshold is a crucial factor in measuring lesion volumes in MS when using intensity-based techniques. It also suggests that in multicenter and/or longitudinal studies, criteria for choosing the threshold should be developed whereby the threshold level should be set such that all MR visible lesions are above it, in order to minimise the human interaction and, consequently, the reproducibility of the results.
Published: 2009
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8. Retreatment of Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms in Patients Randomized by Coiling or Clipping in the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT)

Author: Mary Sneade, Adriana Campi, Joan Rischmiller, Najib Ramzi, Paul Summers, Andrew J. Molyneux, Richard S. C. Kerr, James V. Byrne, and Julia A. Yarnold
Subjects: Adult, Male, Reoperation, medicine.medical_specialty, International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial, Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, education, Aneurysm, Ruptured, Aneurysm, Recurrence, Surgical Stapling, Occlusion, medicine, Humans, Stroke, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Endovascular coiling, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Incidence, Intracranial Aneurysm, Clipping (medicine), Middle Aged, Surgical Instruments, medicine.disease, Embolization, Therapeutic, humanities, Surgery, Female, Neurology (clinical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background and Purpose— Because the long-term security of endovascular treatments remains uncertain, a follow-up study of the patients treated in the International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial was performed to compare the frequency, timing, and consequences of aneurysm recurrence. Methods— Patient data were reclassified by actual treatment performed. Aneurysm and patient characteristics, including occlusion grades, time and type of retreatment, and clinical outcomes, were compared. The relationship between these variables and late retreatment as a surrogate for recurrence was analyzed by means of the Cox proportional hazards model. Results— Retreatment was performed in 191 of 1096 (17.4%) patients after primary endovascular coiling (EVT) and in 39 of 1012 patients (3.8%) after neurosurgical clipping. After EVT, 97 (8.8%) patients were retreated early and 94 (9.0%) late, 7 (0.6%) after rebleeding and 87 (8.3%) without. The mean time to late retreatment was 20.7 months. After neurosurgical clipping, 30 (2.9%) patients were retreated early and 9 (0.85%) late, 3 (0.3%) after rebleeding and 6 (0.6%) without. The mean time to late retreatment was 5.7 months. The hazard ratio (HR) for retreatment after EVT was 6.9 (95% CI=3.4 to 14.1) after adjustment for age ( P =0.001, HR=0.97, 95% CI=0.95 to 0.98), lumen size ( P =0.006, HR=1.1, 95% CI=1.03 to 1.18), and incomplete occlusion ( P Conclusions— Late retreatment was 6.9 times more likely after EVT. Younger age, larger lumen size, and incomplete occlusion were risk factors for late retreatment after EVT. After neurosurgical clipping, retreatments were earlier; whereas EVT retreatments continued to be performed throughout the follow-up period. Short-term follow-up imaging is therefore insufficient to detect recurrences after EVT.
Published: 2007
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9. Contribution of cervical cord MRI and brain magnetization transfer imaging to the assessment of individual patients with multiple sclerosis: a preliminary study

Author: G. Iannucci, G. Comi, Maria Codella, Adriana Campi, Maria A. Rocca, Beatrice Viti, Marco Rovaris, Tarek A. Yousry, Massimo Filippi, Markus Holtmannspötter, Rovaris, M, Holtmannspotter, M, Rocca, Ma, Iannucci, G, Codella, M, Viti, B, Campi, A, Comi, Giancarlo, Yousry, Ta, and Filippi, Massimo
Subjects: Adult, Male, Multiple Sclerosis, Adolescent, Diagnosis, Differential, Lesion, Central nervous system disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Magnetization transfer, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Brain, Magnetic resonance imaging, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, Spinal cord, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Spinal Cord, Neurology, Cervical Vertebrae, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Nuclear medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cervical vertebrae
Abstract: This study was performed to assess how established diagnostic criteria for brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) interpretation in cases of suspected multiple sclerosis (MS) (Barkhofs criteria) would perform in the distinction of MS from other diseases and whether other MR techniques (cervical cord imaging and brain magnetization transfer imaging [MTI]), might help in the diagnostic work-up of these patients. We retrospectively identified 64 MS and 59 non-MS patients. The latter group included patients with systemic immune-mediated disorders (SID; n=44) and migraine (n=15). All patients had undergone MRI scans of the brain (dual echo and MTI) and of the cervical cord (fast short-tau inversion recovery). The number and location of brain T2-hyperintense lesions and the number and size of cervical cord lesions were assessed. Brain images were also postprocessed to quantify the total lesion volumes (TLV) and to create histograms of magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) values from the whole of the brain tissue. Barkhofs criteria correctly classified 108/123 patients, thus showing an accuracy of 87.8%. "False negative" MS patients were 13, while 2 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were considered as "false positives". Using brain T2 TLV, nine of the"false negative" patients were correctly classified. Correct classification of 10 MS patients and both the SLE patients was possible based upon the presence or absence of one cervical cord lesion. Two MS patients with negative Barkhofs criteria and no cervical cord lesions were correctly classified based on their brain MTR values. Overall, only one MS patient could not be correctly classified by any of the assessed MR quantities. These preliminary data support a more extensive use of cervical cord MRI and brain MTI to differentiate between MS and other disorders in case of inconclusive findings on T2-weighted MRI scans of the brain. Multiple Sclerosis (2002) 8, 52-58
Published: 2002
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10. Overlapping Stents for Treatment of a Dissecting Carotid Artery Aneurysm

Author: Gerd Schneider, Andreas W. Unterberg, Ernst Wellnhofer, Goetz Benndorf, and Adriana Campi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Hemiplegia, Dissection (medical), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Pseudoaneurysm, 0302 clinical medicine, Aneurysm, medicine.artery, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, cardiovascular diseases, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Cerebral infarction, Stent, Cerebral Infarction, Digital subtraction angiography, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Thrombosis, Radiography, Aortic Dissection, cardiovascular system, Female, Stents, Surgery, Radiology, Internal carotid artery, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Carotid Artery, Internal
Abstract: Purpose: To report the increased efficacy of oversized, overlapping stents to treat an internal carotid artery (ICA) dissecting aneurysm. Case Report: A 55-year-old woman presented with reduced consciousness, aphasia, and right-sided hemiplegia owing to an infarction of the left middle cerebral artery territory documented by computed tomography. Digital subtraction angiography disclosed an extracranial dissection of the left ICA with a pseudoaneurysm. Two self-expanding Wallstents were placed, bridging the dissected segment and overlapping at the level of the aneurysm neck. Immediate arteriography showed remarkably reduced filling of the pseudoaneurysm. Serial arteriograms performed 6 days and 9 and 20 months after stenting documented the disappearance of the pseudoaneurysm without appreciable intimal hyperplasia of the vessel wall. Conclusions: Reducing stent porosity by overlapping the devices causes significant hemodynamic changes inside the aneurysm sac, accelerating intra-aneurysmal thrombosis.
Published: 2001
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11. Primary angiitis of the central nervous system: serial MRI of brain and spinal cord

Author: P. Reganati, Adriana Campi, Vittorio Martinelli, Massimo Filippi, G. Benndorf, M. R. Terreni, Campi, A, Benndorf, G, Filippi, Massimo, Reganati, P, Martinelli, V, and Terreni, Mr
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Biopsy, Central nervous system, Magnetic resonance angiography, Diagnosis, Differential, Central nervous system disease, White matter, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Perivascular space, Vasculitis, Central Nervous System, Neuroradiology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Brain, Magnetic resonance imaging, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Spinal cord, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cerebral Angiography, medicine.anatomical_structure, Spinal Cord, Female, Neurology (clinical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: MRI findings in primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) are highly variable, ranging from normal to diffusely abnormal. We describe brain and spinal cord abnormalities in patients with PACNS and changes over time, to provide criteria which could be useful for differential diagnosis. We reviewed six patients, with a final diagnosis of PACNS, who underwent serial contrast-enhanced brain and spinal MRI. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 60 months. Brain MRI showed multiple small abnormalities in all patients, giving high signal on T2-weighted images, focal or diffuse, mainly in deep and subcortical white matter; four patients had both supra- and infratentorial lesions. On the initial MRI, in five patients, almost 90% of the abnormal foci showed contrast enhancement. Virchow-Robin perivascular spaces were enlarged and simultaneously enhancing in four patients. Three patients also had spinal cord abnormalities, in the cervical and thoracic segments in two, and exclusively cervical segment in one. Two patients had brain biopsy-proven PACNS; in the remainder, the diagnosis of PACNS was presumptive, considering similarities in clinical and MRI features and MRI follow-up. On MRI, after steroid and immunosuppressive therapy, a significant decrease in the number and size of the abnormalities, enhancing and nonenhancing and of enhancing perivascular spaces was observed. Simultaneous enhancement of brain and spinal cord lesions and of perivascular spaces, at the onset of the disease, which resolves during follow-up, can therefore suggest PACNS.
Published: 2001
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12. A multicenter measurement of magnetization transfer ratio in normal white matter

Author: Vincent Dousset, Frederik Barkhof, Gareth J. Barker, Isabelle Berry, Adriana Campi, David Miller, Paul S. Tofts, Wolfgang Schreiber, J. M. Franconi, and Achim Gass
Subjects: Physics, Drug trial, Magnetization Transfer MRI, business.industry, White matter, medicine.anatomical_structure, Repetition Time, Flip angle, medicine, Brain mri, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Magnetization transfer, Nuclear medicine, business
Abstract: To assess the importance of intercenter variations when measuring magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in the brain, six European centers measured MTR in normal white matter. MTR ranged from 9 to 51 percent units (25 sequences). The effective flip angle of the saturating pulse divided by the pulse repetition time (ENRsat degrees/msec) was a good predictor of MTR (MTR = 3.25 ENRsat).
Published: 1999
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13. Intra-observer reproducibility in measuring new putative MR markers of demyelination and axonal loss in multiple sclerosis: a comparison with conventional T2-weighted images

Author: Bruno Colombo, Giliola Calori, M. Rodegher, Adriana Campi, Massimo Filippi, Giancarlo Comi, Marco Rovaris, Rovaris, M, Filippi, Massimo, Calori, G, Rodegher, M, Campi, A, Colombo, B, and Comi, Giancarlo
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurology, Axonal loss, Central nervous system disease, medicine, Humans, Magnetization transfer, Neuroradiology, Reproducibility, Cell Death, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Magnetic resonance imaging, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Axons, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, Nuclear medicine, Demyelinating Diseases
Abstract: New magnetic resonance (MR) measures considered to be putative markers of demyelination and axonal loss were found to be more closely related to clinical disability than T2-weighted MR imaging (MRI) findings in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we evaluated the reproducibility of such measurements in order to assess their reliability for longitudinal studies in MS. The intra-observer coefficients of variation for repeated measurements did not significantly differ among the MR techniques studied [2.6% for T2-weighted MRI, 4.38% for unenhanced T1-weighted MRI, 3.65% for magnetisation transfer imaging (MTI) and 2.28% for spinal cord cross-sectional area at C5]. Our findings suggest that non-conventional MR techniques may be reliable outcome measures for clinical trials in MS.
Published: 1997
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14. Quantitative assessment of MRI lesion load in multiple sclerosis: A comparison of conventional spin-echo with fast fluidattenuated inversion recovery

Author: Tarek A. Yousry, S Mammi, Mark A. Horsfield, Christoph R. Becker, C Baratti, Massimo Filippi, Adriana Campi, Maximilian F. Reiser, Raymond Voltz, G. Comi, Simone Spuler, Filippi, M, Yousry, T, Baratti, C, Horsfield, Ma, Mammi, S, Becker, C, Voltz, R, Spuler, S, Campi, A, Reiser, Mf, and Comi, G
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Coefficient of variation, Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, Lesion, Central nervous system disease, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Brain, Magnetic resonance imaging, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Thresholding, Spin echo, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Nuclear medicine
Abstract: In this study, we compared a fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (fast-FLAIR) sequence to conventional spin-echo (CSE) in the evaluation of brain MRI lesion loads of seven patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis. Interleaved CSE (3000/20, 5 mm contiguous axial slices) and fast-FLAIR (9000/150/2200, 5 mm contiguous axial slices) sequences were performed on a 1.0 T machine. Lesions were counted consensually by two observers and then segmented independently by two other observers using a local thresholding technique, with subsequent manual editing in the case of poorly defined lesions. Four hundred and two lesions were detected in at least one of the two sequences: 128 were seen only on fast-FLAIR, 17 only on CSE. Forty-one lesions were larger on fast-FLAIR, while no lesion was considered larger on CSE. The numbers of periventricular (P = 0.05), cortical/subcortical (P = 0.02) and discrete (P = 0.05) lesions detected using fast-FLAIR were higher than those detected using CSE. The median lesion load was 7185 mm3 on CSE and 8418 mm3 on the fast-FLAIR, the average being 18% (range = 11.6-29%) higher on the fast-FLAIR images. Lesion contrast ratio was higher for lesions on the fast-FLAIR than on the CSE sequence (P < 0.0001). The percentages of poorly defined lesions which needed manual editing after the local thresholding technique was applied and the total time needed for the measurements were lower (P < 0.001) when fast-FLAIR images were used compared with CSE. This resulted in a reduced inter-rater coefficient of variation in measuring lesion volumes. Our data indicate that fast-FLAIR sequences are more sensitive than CSE in detecting multiple sclerosis lesion burden and that fast-FLAIR is a promising technique for natural history studies and clinical trials in multiple sclerosis.
Published: 1996
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15. Magnetisation transfer ratios of contrast-enhancing and nonenhancing lesions in multiple sclerosis

Author: Vincent Dousset, Adriana Campi, Simonetta Gerevini, Massimo Filippi, Giuseppe Scotti, G. Comi, Campi, A, Filippi, M, Comi, G, Scotti, G, Gerevini, S, and Dousset, V
Subjects: Adult, Gadolinium DTPA, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurology, Central nervous system, Contrast Media, White matter, Central nervous system disease, Reference Values, Organometallic Compounds, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Dominance, Cerebral, Neuroradiology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Brain, Magnetic resonance imaging, Middle Aged, Pentetic Acid, Image Enhancement, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Gliosis, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Magnetisation transfer (MT) is a recently introduced technique for assessing the water content of tissues in vivo and its relationship to macromolecules or membranes. It has been suggested that MT could provide indirect evidence of the characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions (oedema, demyelination, or gliosis). Our aims were to characterise brain MS lesions and to compare the magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) values of lesions with different patterns of contrast enhancement. In patients with MS we measured the MTR of 65 gadolinium-enhancing and 292 nonenhancing lesions. Using the equation published by Dousset et al. we studied 29 patients with clinically definite MS and 10 healthy controls. Lesions had significantly lower MT than the normal-appearing white matter of the patients or the normal white matter of healthy controls. There was no difference in the MTR of enhancing and nonenhancing lesions. Enhancement was homogeneous in 45 and ring-like in 20 lesions; MTR values were lower in the latter. These findings are presumably related to the differences in pathological features of enhancing (different amounts of proteins and inflammatory cells, oedema and demyelination) and nonenhancing (gliosis, demyelination and axonal loss) lesions.
Published: 1996
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16. Antenatal diagnosis of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation: MR study of fetal brain and postnatal follow-up

Author: F. Strigimi, S. Gerevini, Pierre Lasjaunias, Giuseppe Scotti, Adriana Campi, Massimo Filippi, Campi, A, Scotti, G, Filippi, Massimo, Gerevini, S, Strigimi, F, and Lasjaunias, P.
Subjects: Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations, medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy Trimester, Third, Prenatal diagnosis, Ultrasonography, Prenatal, Central nervous system disease, Aneurysm, Pregnancy, Prenatal Diagnosis, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, cardiovascular diseases, Vein, Neuroradiology, Fetus, business.industry, Vascular disease, Infant, Newborn, Ultrasonography, Doppler, medicine.disease, Cerebral Veins, Embolization, Therapeutic, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, cardiovascular system, Female, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, Neurosurgery, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Follow-Up Studies, Hydrocephalus, circulatory and respiratory physiology
Abstract: About 20 cases of prenatal diagnosis of vein of Galen aneurysmal Malformation (VGAM) have been described. We present a case diagnosed prenatally by Doppler ultrasonography. Prenatal MRI and postnatal radiological studies including post-treatment MRI and MRA, were carried out.
Published: 1996
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17. Brain MRI follow-up of patients with persistent isolated optic neuritis

Author: Adriana Campi, Vittorio Martinelli, Giacomo P. Comi, Massimo Filippi, Marco Rovaris, Bruno Colombo, Mariaemma Rodegher, Martinelli, V, Rodegher, M, Filippi, Massimo, Rovaris, M, Campi, A, Colombo, B, and Comi, Giancarlo
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, medicine.disease, Basal (phylogenetics), Neurology, Brain mri, Medicine, Optic neuritis, Brain magnetic resonance imaging, Neurology (clinical), business, Pathological, Subclinical infection
Abstract: In this study a brain MRI long-term follow-up of 19 patients at presentation with Acute Isolated Optic Neuritis (AION), who did not develop further neurological disturbances, was performed to evaluate the frequency of subclinical evolution of the pathological process. At presentation, the brain MRI in nine patients was abnormal and in 10 normal. CSF oligoclonal bands were found in 11 patients, five of whom had normal basal MRI. All patients with abnormal basal MRI had new lesions on follow-up scans, while only one of the patients with a normal basal brain MRI had multiple lesions on the second scan. Our data suggest that about 50% of patients with AION had subclinical activity, even though there were no new clinical relapses.
Published: 1996
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18. Comparison of triple dose versus standard dose gadolinium-DTPA for detection of MRI enhancing lesions in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis

Author: Bruno Colombo, Vittorio Martinelli, Giuseppe Scotti, Massimo Filippi, Adriana Campi, Giancarlo Comi, Tarek A. Yousry, Nicola Canal, Filippi, Massimo, Campi, A, Martinelli, V, Colombo, B, Yousry, Ta, Canal, N, Scotti, G, and Comi, Giancarlo
Subjects: Adult, Gadolinium DTPA, Multiple Sclerosis, Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis, Central nervous system disease, chemistry.chemical_compound, Text mining, In vivo, Organometallic Compounds, medicine, Humans, In patient, Analysis of Variance, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Pentetic acid, Multiple sclerosis, Magnetic resonance imaging, Middle Aged, Pentetic Acid, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Psychiatry and Mental health, chemistry, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Nuclear medicine, business, Research Article
Abstract: This study was performed to evaluate whether a triple dose of gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) increases the sensitivity of brain MRI for detecting enhancing lesions in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). T1 weighted brain MRI was obtained for 10 patients with PPMS in two sessions. In the first session, one scan was obtained five to seven minutes after the injection of 0.1 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA (standard dose). In the second session, six to 24 hours later, one scan before and two scans five to seven minutes and one hour after the injection of 0.3 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA (triple dose) were obtained. Four enhancing lesions were detected in two patients when the standard dose of Gd-DTPA was used. The numbers of enhancing lesions increased to 13 and the numbers of patients with such lesions to five when the triple dose of Gd-DTPA was used and to 14 and six in the one hour delayed scans. The mean contrast ratio for enhancing lesions detected with the triple dose of Gd-DTPA was higher than those for lesions present in both the standard dose (P < 0.0009) and the one hour delayed scans (P = 0.04). These data indicate that with a triple dose of Gd-DTPA many more enhancing lesions can be detected in patients with PPMS. This is important both for planning clinical trials and for detecting the presence of inflammation in vivo in the lesions of such patients.
Published: 1995
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19. A Magnetization Transfer Imaging Study of Normal-Appearing White Matter in Multiple Sclerosis

Author: Nicola Canal, Vincent Dousset, Vittorio Martinelli, G. Comi, Giuseppe Scotti, C. Baratti, Massimo Filippi, Adriana Campi, Filippi, Massimo, Campi, A, Dousset, V, Baratti, C, Martinelli, V, Canal, N, Scotti, G, and Comi, Giancarlo
Subjects: Adult, Analysis of Variance, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Brain, Magnetic resonance imaging, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Central nervous system disease, White matter, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Frontal lobe, Frontal white matter, medicine, Humans, Magnetization transfer imaging, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract: Article abstract-We attempted to define the role of subtle changes in the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in the development of disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Twenty-seven clinically definite MS patients with either relapsing-remitting or chronic-progressive courses and 10 sex- and age-matched controls entered the study. For each patient and control, we studied two NAWM areas in the frontal lobe with magnetization transfer imaging (MTI). For patients, we also calculated the MT ratios (MTRs) for three contiguous areas of NAWM progressively further from "isolated" lesions visible on conventional MRI. Frontal NAWM in MS patients had lower mean MTRs than the frontal white matter of the controls (p = 0.02). MTRs in the NAWM adjacent to isolated lesions increased with distance from them to the cortical gray matter (p = 0.04). This pattern was typical for patients with chronic-progressive MS whose MTRs in the first two regions of NAWM adjacent to lesions were lower than those of the same regions of patients with relapsing-remitting MS. This study confirms that there are alterations in the NAWM of MS patients and suggests that such changes might be relevant to the disability in MS.NEUROLOGY 1995;45: 478-482
Published: 1995
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20. Fourth meeting of the European Neurological Society 25–29 June 1994 Barcelona, Spain

Author: H. Hattig, C. Delli Pizzi, M. C. Addonizio, Michelle Davis, A. R. Giovagnoli, L. Florensa, M. Roth, J. de Kruijk, Francisco Lacruz, Ph. Dewailly, A. Toygar, C. Avendano, P.P. De Deyn, J. F. Hurtevent, F. Lomeila, T. W. Wong, Gordon T. Plant, M. Bud, H. J. Willison, DH Miller, D. W. Langdon, R. Cioni, J. Servan, A. Kaygisiz, E. Racadot, D. B. Schens, E. Picciola, L. Falip, C. Bouchard, J. Jotova, A. Jorge-Santamaria, P. Misra, A. Dufour, C. P. Panagopoulos, A. Venneri, B. Sredni, B. Angelard, M. Janelidze, M. Carreno, J. Obenberger, J. Pouget, H. W. Moser, R. Kaufmann, J. A. Molina, D. Linden, A. Martin Urda, E. Uvestad, A. Krone, J. P. Cochin, J. Mallecourt, A. Cambon-Thomsen, K. Violleau, P. Osschmann, A. M. Durocher, E. Bussaglia, D. M. Danielle, H. Efendi, C. Van Broeckhoven, K. G. Jordan, W. Rautenberg, C. Iniguez, J. M. Delgado, Graham Watson, M. Lawden, Gareth J. Barker, K. Stiasny, James T. Becker, G. Campanella, E. Peghi, A. Poli, A. Haddad, T. Yamawaki, Giacomo P. Comi, S. Sotgiu, B. Ersmark, A. Pomes, M. Ziegler, P. Ferrante, P. Ruppi, H. KuÇukoglu, R. Bouton, U. K. Rinne, P. Vieregge, M. Dary, P. Giunti, Peter J. Goadsby, S. Jung, E. Secor, A. Steinberg, N. Vila, M. A. Hernandez, M. Cursi, A. Enqelhardt, A. Engelhardt, J. Veitch, F. Di Silverio, F. Arnaud, B. Neundörfer, R. Brucher, Dominique Caparros-Lefebvre, B. Meyer, Marianne Dieterich, M. H. Snidaro, R. Gomez, R. Cerbo, M. Ragno, J. M. Vance, S. Nemni, A. Caliskan, F. Barros, I. Velcheva, D. Ceballos-Baumann, V. Barak, A. Avila, N. Antonova, F. Resche, S. Pappata, L. Varela, S. R. Silveira Santos, A. Cammarota, L. Naccache, Y. Nara, E. Tournier-Lasserves, R. Mobner, T. Chase, A. Ensenyat, J. Ulrich, G. Giegerich, M. Rother, M. Revilla, N. Nitschke, K. Honczarenko, E. Basart Tarrats, J. Blin, B. Jacob, J. Santamaria, S. Knezevic, J. L. Castillo, M. Antem, J. Colomer, O. Busse, Didier Hannequin, S. Carrier, J. B. Ruidavets, C. Rozman, J. Bogoussslavsky, J. Pascual Calvet, E. Monros, J. M. Polo, M. Zucconl, Javier Muruzabal, R. R. Allen, R. Rivolta, K. Haugaard, A. Nespolo, K. Hoang-Xuang, G. Bussone, T. Avramidis, E. Corsini, Christiana Franke, T. Vinogradova, H. Boot, K. Vestergaard, G. H. Jansen, N. Argentino, M. Raltzig, W. Linssen, Mark B. Pepys, P. Roblot, L. Lauritzen, E. Fainardi, D. Morin, T. X. Arbizu Urdiain, J. Wollenhaupt, S. Bostantjopoulou, G. Pavesi, A. D. Forman, Giovanni Fabbrini, D. Jean, J. J. Archelos, M. I. Blanchs, M. Del Gobbo, Anna Carla Turconi, Ch. Derouesné, Elio Scarpini, A. Visbeck, P. Castejon, J. P. Renou, F. Mounier-Vehier, G. Potagas, Ch. Duyckaerts, A. Filla, R. Schneider, G. Ronen, K. Nagata, J. P. Vedel, A. Henneberg, G. van Melle, C. Baratti, H. Knott, M. C. Prevett, A. Bes, B. Metin, Jos V. Reempts, L. Martorell, Mefkure Eraksoy, H. O. Handwerker, D. S. Younger, O. Oktem, D. Frongillo, C. Soriano-Soriano, L. Niehaus, F. Zipp, A. Tartaro, S Newman, R. H. Browne, P. Davous, R. Sanchez, M. Muros, M. E. Kornhuber, A. Lavarone, M. Mohr, M. R. Garcia, S. Russell, H. Kellar-Wood, M. R. Tola, B. Ostermeyer, Ch. Tzekov, K. Sartor, E. B. Ringelstein, P. P. Gazzaniga, Paul Krack, H. Fidaner, H. Rico, T. Dbaiss, F. Alameda, E. Torchiana, L. Rumbach, I. Charques, J. M. Bogaard, C. D. Frith, L. J. Rappelle, R. Brenner, A. Joutel, K. Fuxe, G. HÄcker, M. J. Blaser, J. Valls-SolÇ, G. Ulm, M. Alberdi, A. Bock, F. W. Bertelsmann, U. Wieshmann, J. Visa, J. R. Lupski, D. D'Amico, L. M. P. Ramos, A. A. Vanderbark, R. Horn, M. Warmuth, Dietmar Kühne, Mark S. Palmer, C. Ehrenheim, E. Canga, S. Viola, O. Scarpino, P. Naldi, R. Almeida, A. A. Raymond, J. Gamez, Stephan Arnold, A. DiGiovanni, J. Dalmau, C. C. Chari, H. F. Beer, J. C. Koetsier, J. Iriarte, E. Yunis, J. Casadevall, E. Le Guern, E. Stenager, S. R. Benbadis, J. M. Warter, F. Burklin, I. Theodorou, L. Johannesen, G. A. Graveland, X. Leclerc, I. Vecchio, L. Ozelius, G. Nicoletti, R. K. Gherardi, E. Esperet, M. L. Delodovici, F. Cattin, F. Paiau, Giorgio Sacilotto, C. A. J. Broere, D. Chavdarov, J. P. Willmer, C. H. Hawkes, Th. Naegele, E. Ellie, E. Dartigues, M. J. Guardiola, S. Hesse, Z. Levic, Marco Rovaris, P. Saugeir-Veber, B. A. Yaqub, H. F. Durwen, R. Larumbe, J. Ballabrina, M. Sendtner, J. Röther, M. Horstink, C. Kluglein, M.P. Montesi, H. Apaydin, J. Montoya, E. Waubant, Ch. Verellen-Dunoulin, A. Nicolai, J. Lopez-Delval, R. Lemon, G. Cantinho, E. Granieri, A. Zeviani, Wolfgang H. Oertel, U. Ficola, V. Di Piero, V. Fragola, K. Sabev, M. V. Guitera, I. Turki, F. Bolgert, P. Ingrand, J. M. Gobernado, L. M. E. Grimaldi, S. Baybas, B. Eymard, Y. Rolland, Y. Robitaille, Ta. Pampols, P. J. Koehler, A. Carroacedo, J. Vilchez, S. Di Vittorio, I. R. Rise, T. Nagy, M. Kuffner, E. Palazzini, A. Ott, J. Pruim, T. X. Arbizu, E. Manetti, C. Cervera, S. Felber, G. Gursoy, J. Scholz, G. A. Buscaino, M. S. Chen, A. Pascual, J. Hazan, J. U. Gajda, J. G. Cea, G. Bottini, G. Damalik, F. Le Doze, G. Bonaldi, J. M. Hew, C. Messina, A. M. Kennedy, J. M. Carney, N. M. F. Murray, M. Parent, M. Koepp, V. Dimova, D. De Leo, K. Jellinger, G. Salemi, S. Mientus, M. L. Hansen, F. Mazzucchelli, J. Vieth, M. Mauri, E. Bartels, L. Johannsen, C. Humphreys, J. Emile, D. N. Landon, E. Kansu, R. Sanchez-Pernaute, Rsj Frackowiak, M. Gonzalez Torres, L. Oller, C. Machedo, J. Kother, M. Billiard, H. Durak, T. Schindler, A. Frank, A. Uncini, A. Sbriccoli, C. Farinas, D. W. Paty, N. Fast, A. T. Zangaladze, A. Kerkhofs, J. M. Pino Garcia, I. De la Fuente, B. Marini, L. Gomez, I. Rubio, Alessandra Bardoni, C. Brodie, P. Acin, U. Sliwka, S. A. Hawkins, S. Tardieu, F. Vitullo, J. M. Pereira Monteino, R. Gagliardi, T. Jezewski, A. Cano, T. Lempert, F. Abad Alegria, G. Rotondo, D. Ince, C. Martinez Parra, Y. Huang, H. Luders, Y. Steinvil, F. G. A. Van Der Meche, R. Bianchi, A. Sanchez, T. Sevilla, J. M. Ketelslegers, A. Domzal-Stryga, M. Pandolfo, M. O. Josse, K. W. Neff, I. Blanco, G. W. Bruyn, O. W. Witte, J. L. Thibault, G. Andersen, J. Pariset, A. Marcone, R. J. M. Lane, A. Hofman, M. Verin, T. Matilla, P. Bedoucha, J. Roche, M. Lai, M. Collard, A. Ugarte, F. Gallecho, D. Silbersweig, C. Kennard, J. P. Azulay, T. W. Ho, P. L. I. Dellemijn, R. Girardello, F. Baas, B. Voss, F. Rozenberg, E. M. Brocker, V. Stanev, A. A. J. Soeterboek, A. Marra, A. Rey, E. Ertem, M. Sawradewicz-Rybak, J. De Keyser, P. Cavallari, F. Proust, Y. Chevalier, H. C. Hansen, D. Leys, C. A. Davie, K. Hoang-Xuan, C. Bairati, H. van Crevel, Thomas T. Warner, B. Bompais, A. Dobbeleir, T Campbell, C. Macko, C. J. M. Klijn, M. Dussallant, T. P. Berlit, W. Rozenbaum, M. J. van den Bent, W. A. Rocca, M. Muller, H. Hundemer, U. Zifko, M. Campera, F. Drislane, D. Ranoux, T. M. Kloss, Anil Kumar, I. Ruolt, C. Bargnani, B. Marescau, N. A. Losseff, S. Notermans, B. Kint, E. T. Burke, C. Aykut, J. Matias Guiu, P. Maquet, T. Drogendijk, M. Leone, K. von Ammon, M. Pepeliarska, C. Prados, L. DiGiamberardino, T. Logtenberg, G. Lenoir, I. Castaldo, Damhaut, M. Radionova, G. Sirabian, R. Navon, Giovanni Antonini, K. Al Moutaery, E. Chamas, R. Schönhuber, M. Giannini, B. Debilly, I. Labatut, H. Henon, J. A. Egido, M. Baudrimont, J. N. Lorenzo, J. E. C. Bromberg, R. Antonacci, J. J. Vilchez, T. Moulin, B. Rautenstrauss, Giovanni Meola, J. Noth, S Mammi, P. Laforet, F. Lopez, C. Gehring, S. Bort, G. Rancurel, D. Decamps, S. Kostadinova, Y. Shapira, B. Neundoerfer, D. Chavrot, M. Solimena, J. P. Salier, W. Deberdt, R. Hoff-Jörgensen, A. Messina, S. Meairs, G. Rosoklija, E. Nelis, I. Bertran, C. Ertekin, J. Lohmeyer, Mitermayer Galvao dos Reis, L. Calo, E. Maccagnano, A. P. Hays, J. Verlooy, M. G. Forno, T. Blanco, L. Bail, Gabriella Silvestri, J. Montero, F. Bertrand, R. T. Ghnassia, C. Besses, T. Sereghy, F. Shalit, G. Bogliun, S. Braghi, St. Baykouchev, C. Franke, A. Lasa, L. C. Archard, J. Kriebel, S. Shaunak, M. Nocito, Alexander Tsiskaridze, E. Manfredini, T. Seigal, David G. Gadian, M. Barlas, J. D. Degos, C. Seeber, J. Caemert, J. L. Mas, R. B. Pepinsky, M. G. D'Angelo, N. Baumann, S. Yorifuji, H. P. Endtz, M. A. Cassatella, R. A. C. Hughes, V. Golzi, A. Bittencourt, A. Ferreira, M. Sanson, C. Alper, M. Vermeulen, M. A. A. van Walderveen, E. Alexiou, C. H. Lucas, M. Fiorelli, Y. N. Debbink, R. Gil, S. Congia, T. Banerjee, J. M. Bouchard, A. N. Pinto, A. Ceballos-Baumann, G. Grollier, P. I. M. Schmitz, M. D. Catata, N. Lahat, N. S. Rao, P. Papathanasopoulos, J. Valls-Solé, D. Claus, G. Schroter, A. Castro, C. Videbaek, R. Martinez Dreke, A. D. Platts, M. Hermesl, A. C. PeÇanha-Martins, M. Cardoso Silva, P. Masnou, M. J. A. Tanner, Ch. Confavreux, B. Mishu, H. Rasmussen, L. Valenciano, Carlo Pozzilli, S. W. Li, V. Salzman, Y. Vashtang, Massimo Franceschi, M. Severo, G. Deuschl, S. Setien, G. Mariani, A. Protti, J. Castillo, M. J. B. Taphoorn, M. Frontali, I. Milonas, D. Decoq, J. A. Navarro, S. Castellvi-Pel, C. Ertikin, M. Urtasun, Y. Lajat, B. E. Kendall, E. Verdu, B. Gueguen, E. Boisen, R. Couderc, A Danek, JM Stevens, F. Nicoli, L. Feltri, M. L. Vazquez-Andre, J. A. Morgan-Hughes, L. D'Angelo, F. Y. Liew, L. F. Pascual, J. Patrignani Ochoa, Vittorio Martinelli, J. Cophignon, L. Zhang, S. Martin, J. F. Meder, H. C. Buschmann, L. Bertin, J. van Gijn, A. Barreiro, A. Cools, C. Leon, A. Berod, E. A. Anllo, E. Zanette, L. Petrov, R. Barona, B. Gallicchio, P. J. Cozzone, N. Diederich, G. Cancel, L. Schelosky, P. Orizaola, K. Yulug, S. Ozer, Valeria A. Sansone, B. Guiraud-Chaumeil, K. Voigt, P. Labauge, M. Eoli, J. Zhu, J. Aguirre, M. Ferrarini, B. Zyluk, E. Planas, A. Cadilha, C. Tortorella, H. Bismuth, C. E. Counsell, A. Laun, A. Ferlini, Rio J. Montalban, N. Biary, L. Becker, M. Fardeau, M. Poloni, V. M. S. de Bruin, C. Fornada, J. Barros, E. Ganzmann, E. Touze, D. Wallach, J. Peila, H. Fujimura, M. T. Iba-Zizen, G. Macchi, C. Villoslada, R. Gouider, Ph. Rondepierre, P. Grummich, P. Chiodi, C. Conte, M. Michels, P. Annunziata, G. Semana, C. Sommer, J. Vajsar, D. Zekin, J. Kulisevsky, David G. Munoz, B. Jacotot, M. Magoni, A. Luxen, T. Garcia-Silva, S. Di Cesare, Christophe Tzourio, M. Gomori, I. Picomell, L. Santoro, F. Villa, Giovanni Pennisi, T. Ribalta, J. M. Molto, L. Marzorati, P. Loiseau, F. Gemignani, A. Gironell, J. Wissel, A. Prusinski, F. Cailloux, P. Villanueva-Hemandez, P. Cozzone, T. Del Ser, J. Sans-Sabrafen, M. Zappia, P. W. A. Willems, G. Tchernia, D. Gardeur, R. Bauer, F. Palomo, H. Metz, S. Lamoureux, C. Chastang, I. Reinhard, A. Goldfarb, S. Harder, Jordi Río, C. Ozkara, E. Tekinsoy, P. Vontobell, J. De Recondo, M. Rabasa, L. Lacomblez, F. Boon, Dgt Thomas, V. Palma, Renato Mantegazza, A. Dervis, M. Nueckel, B. YalÇinerner, I. Duran, G. Dalla Volta, A. Zubimendi, J. Pinheiro, A. Marbini, Xavier Montalban, H. Wekerle, X. Pereira Monteino, F. Crespo, F. Koskas, N. Battistini, C. Ruiz, H. Offner, J. de Pommery, P. Kanovsky, J. Y. Barnett, J. Pardo, G. Tomei, R. Rene, H. M. Lokhorst, P. Thajeb, H. Bilgin, D. McGehee, R. Fahsold, L. Morgante, Katie Sidle, C. Delwaide, M. N. Diaye, P. H. Rice, A. Creange, C. Sabev, K. Stephan, K. WeilBenborn, G. Magnani, L. Grymonprez, F. Cardellach, M. Kaps, N. G. Meco, F. Vega, V. Bonifati, A. Desomer, M. Baldy-Moulinier, G. Kvale, F. J. Authier, B. Yegen, T. Ho, J. M. Rozet, E. A. Cabanis, L. Bruce, L. Ambrosoli, M. A. Petrella, M. Hernandez, P. Timmings, H. B. van der Worp, F. Mahieux, A. Urbano-Marquez, D. A. Krendel, A. A. Garcia, R. Divari, R. Michalowicz, M. R. Piedmonte, M. Bondavalli, M. Zanca, P. F. Ippel, Onofre Combarros, B. Tavitian, E. Hirsch, I. Anastasopoulos, A. Roses, A. Köhler, P. Vienna, V. Timmerman, P. Sergi, F. Cornelio, A. Di Pasquale, R. Verleger, S. Castellvirel, J. Proano, B. van Moll, F. Rubio, W. Hacke, I. Lavenu, L. Zetta, M. W. Tas, N. Bittmann, M. Bonamini, O. R. Hommes, V. Dousset, N. Afsar, S. Belal, R. R. Myers, J. Goes, Giuseppe Vita, E. Clementi, V. G. Karepov, M. Jueptner, A Vincent, P. Emmrich, Th. Heb, A. Caballo, J. Gallego, T. Mokrusch, C. Perla, L. Gebuhrer, O. Titlbach, Alessandro Prelle, A. Czlonkowska, M. Russo, D. Hadjiev, T. S. Chkhikvishvili, M. Oehlschlager, G. Becker, I. Günther, E. N. Stenager, J. Garcia Agundez, J. Casademont, J. Batlle, S. Podobnik-Sarkanji, C. Alonso-Villaverde, B. Delaguillaume, B. Genc, B. Mazoyer, A. Rodriguez-Al-barino, Ch. Hilger, B. Ferrero, R. Price, W. Grisold, L. Fuhry, D. Oulbani, D. Ewing, A. Petkov, W. Walther, A. Gokyigit, John Newsom-Davis, J. Tayot, D. Seliak, G. Pelliccioni, D. Campagne, K. Kessler, F. Boureau, D. Perani, J. P. N'Guyen, N. Tchalucova, B. A. Antin-Ozerkis, C. Lacroix, B. D. Aronovich, I. H. Jenkins, E. A. dos Reis, M. Hortells, H. M. Meinck, H. Ch. Buschmann, S. C. J. M. Jacobs, T. Wetter, P. Creissard, N. Martinez, J. Weidenfeldl, H. J. Sturenburg, G. Damlacik, V. Gracia, J. C. Turpin, A. Pou-Serradell, J. P. Vincent, T. Gagoshidze, U. Ozkutlu, M. McLeod, K. Siegfried, I. Tchaoussoglou, J. Hildebrand, S. Kowalska, M. C. Picot, G. Galardin, L. Crevits, F. Andreetta, S. 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Brizioli, J. Calleja, L. Publio, M. Desi, R. Soffietti, P. Cortinovis-Tourniaire, E. F. Gonano, G. Cavaletti, S. Uselli, K. Westerlind, H. Betuel, C. O. Dhiver, H. Guggenheim, M. Hamon, R. Fazio, P. Lehikoinen, A. Esser, B. Sadzot, G. Fink, Angelo Antonini, D. Bendahan, V. Di Carlo, G. Galardi, A. F. Boller, M. Aksenova, Del Fiore, V. de la Sayette, H. Chabriat, A. Nicoletti, A. Dilouya, M. L. Harpin, E. Rouillet, J. Stam, A. Wolters, M. R. Delgado, Eduardo Tolosa, G. Said, A. J. Lees, L. Rinaldi, A. Schulze-Bonhage, MA Ron, C. Lefebvre, E. W. Radü, R. Alvarez, M. L. Bots, P. Reganati, S. Palazzi, A. Poggi, N. J. Scolding, V. Sazdovitch, T. Moreau, E. Maes, M. A. Estelies, P. Petkova, Jose-Felix Marti-Masso, G De La Meilleure, N. Mullatti, M. Rodegher, N. C. Notermans, T. A. T. Warner, S. Aktan, J. P. Louboutin, L. Volpe, C. Scheidt, W. Aust, C. M. Wiles, U. Schneider, S. K. Braekken, W. R. Willems, K. Usuku, Peter M. Rothwell, C. Talamon, M. L. Sacchetti, A. Codina, M. H. Marion, A. 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Riva, M. H. Mahagne, M. Ozturk, Ve. Drory, N. Konic, C. Jungreis, A. Pou Serradell, J. L. Gauvrit, G. J. Chelune, S. Hermandez, T. Dingus, L. Hewer, Ch. Koch, M. N. Metz-Lutz, G. Parlato, M. Sinaki, Charles Pierrot-Deseilligny, H. C. Diener, J. Broeckx, J. Weill-Fulazza, M. L. Villar, M. Rizzo, O. Ganslandt, C. Duran, N. A. Fletcher, G. Di Giovacchino, Susan T. Iannaccone, C. Kolig, N. Fabre, H. A. Crockard, Rita Bella, M. Tazir, E. Papagiannuli, K. Overgaard, Emma Ciafaloni, I. Lorenzetti, F. Viader, P. A. H. Millac, I. Montiel, L. H. Visser, M. Palomar, P. L. Murgia, H. Pedersen, Rafael Blesa, S. Seddigh, W. O. Renier, I. Lemahieu, H. M. L. Jansen, L. Rosin, J. Galofre, K. Mattos, M. Pondal, G. M. Hadjigeorgiou, D. Francis, L. Cantin, D. Stegeman, M. Rango, A. B. M. F. Karim, S. Schraff, B. Castellotti, I. Iriarte, E. Laborde, T. J. Tjan, R. Mutani, D. Toni, B. Bergaasco, J. G. Young, C. Klotzsch, A. Zincone, X. Ducrocq, M. Uchuya, O. J. Kolar, A. Quattrone, T. Bauermann, Nereo Bresolin, J. Vallée, B. C. Jacobs, A. Campos, Werner Poewe, J. A. Villanueva, A. W. Kornhuber, A. Malafosse, E. Diez-Tejedor, G. Jungreia, M. J. A. Puchner, A. Komiyama, O. Saribas, V. Volpini, L. Geremia, S. Bressi, A. Nibbio, Timothy E. Bates, T. z. Tzonev, E. Ideman, G. A. Damlacik, G. Martino, G. Crepaldi, T. Martino, Kjell Någren, E. Idiman, D. Samuel, J. M. Perez Trullen, Y. van der Graaf, J. O. Thorell, M. J. M. Dupuis, E. Sieber, R. D'Alessandro, C. Cazzaniga, J. Faiss, A. Tanguy, A. Schick, I. Hoksergen, A. Cardozo, R. Shakarishvili, G. K. Wennlng, J. L. Marti-Vilalta, J. Weissenbach, I. L. Simone, Amalia C. Bruni, Darius J. Adams, C. Weiller, A. Pietrangeli, F. Croria, C. Vigo-Pelfrey, Patricia Limousin, A. Ducros, G. Conti, O. Lindvall, E. Richter, M. Zuffi, A. Nappo, T. Riise, J. Wijdenes, M. J. Fernandez, J. Rosell, P. Vermersh, S. Servidei, M. S. C. Verdugo, F. Gouttiere, W. Solbach, M. Malbezin, I. S. Watanabe, A. Tumac, W. I. McDonald, D. A. Butterfield, P. P. Costa, F. deRino, F. Bamonti, J. M. Cesar, C. H. Lahoz, I. Mosely, M. Starck, M. H. Lemaitre, K. M. Stephan, S. Tex, R. Bokonjic, I. Mollee, L. Pastena, M. Gutierrez, F. Boiler, M. C. Martinez-Para, M. Velicogna, O. Obuz, A. Grinspan, M. Guarino, L. M. Cartier, E. Ruiz, D. Gambi, S. Messina, M. Villa, Michael G. Hanna, J. Valk, Leone Pascual, M. Clanet, Z. Argov, B. Ryniewicz, E. Magni, B. Berlanga, K. S. Wong, C. Gellera, C. Prevost, F. Gonzalez-Huix, R. Petraroli, J. E. G. Benedikz, I. Kojder, C. Bommelaer, L. Perusse, M. R. Bangioanni, Guy M. McKhann, A. Molina, C. Fresquet, E. Sindern, Florence Pasquier, M. J. Rosas, M. Altieri, O. Simoncini, M. Koutroumanidis, C. A. F. Tulleken, M. Dary-Auriol, S. Oueslati, H. Kruyer, I. Nishisho, C. R. Horning, A. Vital, G. V. Czettritz, J. Ph. Neau, B. Mihout, A. Ameri, M. Francis, S. Quasthoff, D. Taussig, S. Blunt, P. Valentin, C. Y. Gao, O. Heinzlef, H. d'Allens, C. Coudero, M. Erfas, G. Borghero, P. J. Modrego Pardo, M. C. Patrosso, N. L. Gershfeld, P. A. J. M. Boon, O. Sabouraud, M. Lara, J. Svennevig, G. L. Lenzi, A. Barrio, H. Villaroya, JosÇ M. Manubens, O. Boespflug-Tanguy, M. Carreras, D. A. Costiga, J. P. Breux, S. Lynn, C. Oliveras Ley, A. G. Herbaut, J. Nos, C. Tornali, Y. A. Hekster, J. L. Chopard, J. M. Manubens, P. Chemouilli, A. Jovicic, F. Dworzak, S. Smirne, S. E. Soudain, B. Gallano, D. Lubach, G. Masullo, G. Izquierdo, A. Pascual Leone Pascual, A. Sessa, V. Freitas, O. Crambes, L. Ouss, G. W. Van Dijk, P. Marchettini, P. Confalonieri, M. Donaghy, A. Munnich, M. Corbo, and M. E. L. van der Burg
Subjects: Neurology, business.industry, Media studies, Library science, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Published: 1994
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21. Brain magnetic resonance imaging correlates of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis

Author: S. Mammi, Marco Rovaris, Giacomo P. Comi, A. Visciani, Adriana Campi, Massimo Filippi, Vittorio Martinelli, G. Sirabian, Nicola Canal, Comi, Giancarlo, Filippi, Massimo, Martinelli, V, Sirabian, G, Visciani, A, Campi, A, Mammi, S, Rovaris, M, and Canal, N.
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurological disorder, Neuropsychological Tests, Audiology, Corpus callosum, medicine, Humans, medicine.diagnostic_test, Multiple sclerosis, Cognitive disorder, Neuropsychology, Brain, Magnetic resonance imaging, Cognition, Neuropsychological test, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Surgery, Neurology, Female, Neurology (clinical), Cognition Disorders, Psychology
Abstract: We evaluated the correlations between cognitive impairment, clinical and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 100 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The performance on one or more neuropsychological tests was abnormal in 47% of the 64 patients who completed the entire neuropsychological battery; the cognitive impairment was mild in 14 (22%) and severe in 16 (25%). Performance on any single neuropsychological test was unrelated to clinical parameters (age, duration of the disease, disability). The neuropsychological performance of relapsing-remitting patients was better than in patients with a chronic-progressive disease. The mean scores for almost all the neuropsychological tests were significantly lower in patients with severe ventricular dilatation and corpus callosum atrophy than in patients in whom these structures were little affected. Mean scores for WMS, performance Intelligence Quotient (IQ), total IQ and Token Test (TT) were also significantly correlated with the widening of cortical sulci and total lesional scores. Our data support the contention that the involvement of pathways that are critical for a given cognitive process as well as the progression of the axonal degeneration and sclerosis seem to play important roles in the pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in MS.
Published: 1993
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22. Solitary plasmacytoma of the sphenoid sinus involving the pituitary fossa: A case report and review of the literature

Author: Magda Marcatti, Giuseppe Scotti, Massimo Giovanelli, Marco Losa, Fabio Triulzi, Moreno Tresoldi, Adriana Campi, and Maria Rosa Terreni
Subjects: Adenoma, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Pituitary gland, Sphenoid Sinus, medicine.medical_treatment, Diagnosis, Differential, Pituitary adenoma, Sphenoid Bone, medicine, Humans, Pituitary Neoplasms, Sella Turcica, Transsphenoidal surgery, Sphenoidal sinus, business.industry, Pituitary tumors, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Sella turcica, Plasmacytoma, Female, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), business, Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms
Abstract: A rare case of solitary plasmacytoma of the sphenoid sinus involving the pituitary fossa is reported. A 50-year-old woman with a history of diplopia and a mass in the sphenoid sinus and the sellar region, documented by computed tomography, was referred to our department with a presumed diagnosis of nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma. The clinical and biochemical characteristics were unrevealing, but magnetic resonance imaging examination demonstrated the extrapituitary origin of the lesion. The patient was operated on by the transsphenoidal approach, and the lesion was histologically diagnosed as a plasmacytoma. Review of the literature disclosed II previously described cases of myelomatous disease presenting clinically as a pituitary adenoma. Our case demonstrates that magnetic resonance imaging investigation may help in distinguishing the extrapituitary origin of a mass involving the pituitary fossa.
Published: 1992
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23. Spontaneous scalp arteriovenous fistula in a child with hartnup disease

Author: Thomas-Nicolas Lehmann, Arpad von Moers, Adriana Campi, Goetz Benndorf, and Doris Maria Kim
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Arteriovenous fistula, Hartnup disease, Lesion, medicine.artery, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, cardiovascular diseases, Embolization, Child, Scalp, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Angiography, Digital subtraction angiography, Hartnup Disease, Phlebography, Enbucrilate, medicine.disease, Superficial temporal artery, Embolization, Therapeutic, Surgery, Temporal Arteries, medicine.anatomical_structure, Treatment Outcome, Arteriovenous Fistula, Female, Tissue Adhesives, Radiology, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Purpose To report the endovascular treatment of a spontaneous scalp arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in a child with Hartnup disease. Case report A 6-year-old girl with Hartnup disease presented with recurrent attacks of intense, migraine-like, right-sided headache; a tender, pulsatile small mass was observed in the scalp. Selective digital subtraction angiography revealed a high-flow scalp AVF fed by the frontal branch of the right superficial temporal artery draining via the scalp veins. Endovascular treatment was performed by direct puncture of the distal feeding artery and injection of 2 mL of a 50% mixture of N-butyl-cyanoacrylate and Lipiodol. Serial arteriograms performed 6 months and 2 years later documented complete resolution of the lesion. The patient has had no recurrence of clinical symptoms or local signs for recanalization. Conclusions Scalp AVFs may progress in size, causing significantly disabling symptoms, particularly in children. We recommend endovascular treatment at the earliest possible stage.
Published: 2004

24. Selective neck occlusion of a large complex aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery trifurcation with the UltraSoft coil

Author: Goetz, Benndorf, Stefan, Kroppenstedt, Adriana, Campi, and Andreas, Unterberg
Subjects: Adult, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Interventional, Humans, Female, Intracranial Aneurysm, Equipment Design, Embolization, Therapeutic, Cerebral Angiography, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Summary: We present a case of an unruptured, large, complex, middle cerebral artery trifurcation aneurysm that was successfully treated by selective occlusion of the neck with a single, newly available UltraSoft coil. The satisfactory initial anatomic result was stable, as demonstrated on a 3-month follow-up arteriogram that indicated complete anatomic cure. The novel UltraSoft coil offers additional possibilities in the endovascular management of difficult-to-treat vascular lesions.
Published: 2002

25. Comparison of MRI pulse sequences for investigation of lesions of the cervical spinal cord

Author: Simonetta Gerevini, S. Pontesilli, G. Scotti, and Adriana Campi
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Time Factors, Adolescent, Disc protrusion, Sensitivity and Specificity, Central nervous system disease, Lesion, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Neuroradiology, Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Magnetic resonance imaging, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Spinal cord, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Spinal Cord, Female, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, Neurosurgery, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Neck, Demyelinating Diseases
Abstract: Small spinal cord lesions, even if clinically significant, can be due to the low sensitivity of some pulse sequences. We compared T2-weighted fast (FSE), and conventional (CSE) spin-echo and short-tau inversion-recovery (STIR)-FSE overlooked on MRI sequences to evaluate their sensitivity to and specificity for lesions of different types. We compared the three sequences in MRI of 57 patients with cervical spinal symptoms. The image sets were assessed by two of us individually for final diagnosis, lesion detectability and image quality. Both readers arrived at the same final diagnoses with all sequences, differentiating four groups of patients. Group 1 (30 patients, 53%), with a final diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Demyelinating lesions were better seen on STIR-FSE images, on which the number of lesions was significantly higher than on FSE, while the FSE and CSE images showed approximately equal numbers of lesions; additional lesions were found in 9 patients. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of 17 demyelinating lesions was significantly higher on STIR-FSE images than with the other sequences. Group 2, 19 patients (33%) with cervical pain, 15 of whom had disc protrusion or herniation: herniated discs were equally well delineated with all sequences, with better myelographic effect on FSE. In five patients with intrinsic spinal cord abnormalities, the conspicuity and demarcation of the lesions were similar with STIR-FSE and FSE. Group 3, 4 patients (7%) with acute myelopathy of unknown aetiology. In two patients, STIR-FSE gave better demarcation of lesions and in one a questionable additional lesions. Group 4, 4 patients (7%) with miscellaneous final diagnoses. STIR-FSE had high sensitivity to demyelinating lesions, can be considered quite specific and should be included in spinal MRI for assessment of suspected demyelinating disease.
Published: 2000

26. Aneurysmal malformation of the vein of Galen in three patients: clinical and radiological follow-up

Author: Adriana Campi, Pierre Lasjaunias, Giuseppe Scotti, and Georges Rodesch
Subjects: Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Magnetic resonance angiography, Aneurysm, Fatal Outcome, Prenatal Diagnosis, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, cardiovascular diseases, Vein, Neuroradiology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Vascular disease, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Magnetic resonance imaging, Intracranial Aneurysm, medicine.disease, Cerebral Veins, Embolization, Therapeutic, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cerebral Angiography, medicine.anatomical_structure, Angiography, cardiovascular system, Female, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, Neurosurgery, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Abstract: We studied three patients with aneurysmal malformations of the vein of Galen: all underwent embolisation followed by MRI and conventional angiography; two also underwent postembolisation magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). MRI was performed before treatment in two patients, MRA in only one, diagnosed prenatally. Two patients had normal appearances on follow-up MR studies and were completely cured by embolisation. However, the last patient, after two embolisations, despite the stabilisation of the clinical condition, underwent surgery and died. We think MRI is mandatory before endoarterial treatment, to assess the conditions of the brain. Angiography is mandatory only at the time of endovascular treatment, while MRA and MRI have a role in follow-up. Endoarterial embolisation remains the treatment of choice, and surgery is not advisable.
Published: 1999

27. Interobserver agreement for diagnostic MRI criteria in suspected multiple sclerosis

Author: David Miller, Massimo Filippi, Frederik Barkhof, J.H.T.M. van Waesberghe, Herman J. Adèr, Adriana Campi, Barkhof, F, Filippi, Massimo, van Waesberghe, Jhtm, Campi, A, Miller, Dh, Ader, Hj, Radiology and nuclear medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Brain Imaging, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neuroinfection & -inflammation, CCA - Imaging and biomarkers, CCA - Treatment and quality of life, AGEM - Re-generation and cancer of the digestive system, and CCA - Cancer biology and immunology
Subjects: Observer Variation, Multiple Sclerosis, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Concordance, Brain, Magnetic resonance imaging, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Central nervous system disease, Inter-rater reliability, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Neurology (clinical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Nuclear medicine, Kappa, Neuroradiology, Suspected multiple sclerosis
Abstract: MRI is the paraclinical test most widely used to support the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). We evaluated interobserver agreement in applying diagnostic criteria to MRI obtained at first presentation. Five experienced observers scored 25 sets of images consisting of unenhanced T2- and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images (approximately half the sets were normal). We scored frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, infratentorial and basal ganglia lesions and the total number of lesions on T2-weighted images; periventricular, callosal, juxtacortical and ovoid lesions and those > 5 mm in maximum diameter; contrast-enhancing and hypointense lesions. Based on a combination of imaging findings patients were classified as compatible or not compatible with MS according to composite criteria. Observer concordance was characterised by weighted kappa values (kappa) and mean average difference to the median (MADM) scores. Using the raw scores, there was poor agreement for the total number of lesions on T2-weighted images, and for occipital, oval, juxtacortical and hypointense lesions. Moderate agreement was found for frontal, callosal, basal ganglia and large lesions on T2 weighting. Good agreement was attained for parietal, temporal, infratentorial and periventricular lesions. After dichotomisation according to accepted cut-off values, most criteria performed better, especially the number of lesions on T2-weighted images (P < 0.05). Good agreement was found for the criteria of Paty and Fazekas and moderate agreement for those of Barkhof. While experienced observers may not agree on the total number of lesions, they show quite good agreement for commonly used cut-off points and elements in the composite criteria. This validates the use of MRI in the diagnosis of MS, and the use of dichotomised and composite criteria.
Published: 1999
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28. Comparison of MRI criteria at first presentation to predict conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis

Author: Herman J. Adèr, Chris H. Polman, Frederik Barkhof, Jacob Valk, David Miller, Philip Scheltens, Giancarlo Comi, Adriana Campi, Massimo Filippi, N. A. Losseff, VU University medical center, Barkhof, F, Filippi, Massimo, Miller, Dh, Scheltens, P, Campi, A, Polman, Ch, Comi, Giancarlo, Ader, Hj, Losseff, N, and Valk, J.
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Clinically isolated syndrome, Multiple Sclerosis, Time Factors, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, McDonald criteria, Magnetic resonance imaging, Gadolinium, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Poser criteria, Surgery, Central nervous system disease, Predictive Value of Tests, Predictive value of tests, medicine, Humans, False Positive Reactions, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, business, False Negative Reactions
Abstract: We compared MRI criteria used to predict conversion of suspected multiple sclerosis to clinically definite multiple sclerosis. Seventy-four patients with clinically isolated neurological symptoms suggestive of multiple sclerosis were studied with MRI. Logistic regression analysis was used to remove redundant information, and a diagnostic model was built after each MRI parameter was dichotomized according to maximum accuracy using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Clinically definite multiple sclerosis developed in 33 patients (prevalence 45%). The optimum cut-off point (number of lesions) was one for most MRI criteria (including gadolinium-enhancement and juxta-cortical lesions), but three for periventricular lesions, and nine for the total number of T2-lesions. Only gadolinium-enhancement and juxta-cortical lesions provided independent information. A final model which, in addition, included infratentorial and periventricular lesions, had an accuracy of 80%, and having more abnormal criteria, predicted conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis strongly. The model performed better than the criteria of Paty et al. (Neurology 1988; 38: 180-5) and of Fazekas et al. (Neurology 1988; 38: 1822-5). We concluded that a four-parameter dichotomized MRI model including gadolinium-enhancement, juxtacortical, infratentorial and periventricular lesions best predicts conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis.
Published: 1997
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29. A magnetization transfer study of white matter in siblings of multiple sclerosis patients

Author: Giancarlo Comi, Massimo Filippi, Adriana Campi, Gianvito Martino, Bruno Colombo, Filippi, Massimo, Campi, A, Martino, Gianvito, Colombo, B, and Comi, Giancarlo
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Internal capsule, Multiple Sclerosis, Matched-Pair Analysis, Splenium, Corpus callosum, Corpus Callosum, Nuclear Family, Central nervous system disease, White matter, Nerve Fibers, Risk Factors, Centrum semiovale, medicine, Humans, Magnetization transfer, Family Health, Multiple sclerosis, Anatomy, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Frontal Lobe, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Female, Neurology (clinical), Psychology
Abstract: In this study, we evaluated magnetization transfer ratio values in the brain white matter of siblings of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and compared them to those obtained in sex- and age-matched normal controls. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for all the white matter areas studied (frontal and occipital lobes, centrum semiovale, periventricular white matter, internal capsule, genu and splenium of the corpus callosum).
Published: 1997

30. Serial contrast-enhanced MR in patients with multiple sclerosis and varying levels of disability

Author: Adriana Campi, Paolo Rossi, Bruno Colombo, Massimo Filippi, Giancarlo Comi, Clodoaldo Pereira, Filippi, Massimo, Rossi, P, Campi, A, Colombo, B, Pereira, C, and Comi, Giancarlo
Subjects: Adult, Gadolinium DTPA, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, media_common.quotation_subject, Contrast Media, Lesion load, Lesion, Disability Evaluation, Computer Systems, Activities of Daily Living, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Journal Article, Medicine, Contrast (vision), Humans, In patient, Prospective Studies, Secondary progressive, media_common, Neurologic Examination, business.industry, Mildly disabling, Multiple sclerosis, Brain, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Image Enhancement, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Clinical trial, Ophthalmology, Female, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, medicine.symptom, business, Software, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: PURPOSE To compare the rates of enhancement and changes in lesion burden in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and varying levels of disability. METHODS Monthly enhanced MR images of the brain were obtained for 6 months from seven patients with mildly disabling relapsing-remitting MS and from seven patients with secondary progressive MS and severe disability. At entry and 1 year later, two unenhanced T2-weighted images of the brain were also obtained. RESULTS Despite the fact that both groups had clinically active disease and had similar increases in unenhanced MR lesion load, the total number of enhancing lesions was 239 in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (42 on the baseline images, 151 new and 46 persistent during follow-up) (average number of lesions per patient per year was 68) and 21 in those with secondary progressive MS (five on the baseline images, 13 new, and three persistent during follow-up) (average number of lesions per patients per year was seven). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the rate of enhancement significantly decreases in the more advanced phases of MS. This is important when planning clinical trials, and suggests that mechanisms underlying lesion formation might be dissimilar in different MS patient groups.
Published: 1997

31. Brain and spinal cord MR in benign multiple sclerosis: a follow-up study

Author: Massimo Filippi, Bruno Colombo, Giancarlo Comi, Adriana Campi, Giuseppe Scotti, Vittorio Martinelli, Filippi, M, Campi, A, Martinelli, V, Colombo, B, Scotti, G, and Comi, G
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Central nervous system, Gadolinium, Spinal Cord Diseases, White matter, Lesion, Central nervous system disease, medicine, Humans, Magnetization transfer, Longitudinal Studies, Prospective Studies, Brain Diseases, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Magnetic resonance imaging, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Spinal cord, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Disease Progression, Female, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, medicine.symptom, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: We performed a clinical and magnetic resonance (MR) longitudinal study in 19 patients with benign multiple sclerosis (MS) to achieve a better definition of the nature of disability in MS. Patients with higher lesion volumes on conventional T2-weighted images at entry were those with more frequent relapses (p = 0.0004) and more new MR lesions (p = 0.003) during the follow up. However, 1 3 of these new lesions were located periventricularly and about 2 3 were small or intermediate in size. Two of the 11 patients (18%) with higher lesion volumes at entry developed progressive neurological deficits: in these two patients the new lesions seen on conventional T2 images had lower magnetization transfer ratios (p = 0.005) than those present in patients who remained clinically stable and a marked increase in hypointense lesion volumes on T1-weighted images was also found. Spinal cord cross-sectional area at C5 and MTR values for the seemingly normal white matter were similar to those found in normal controls. This study suggests that patients with benign MS have two different patterns of disease evolution, one characterized by very low clinical and MR activities, the other in which the lack of disabling symptomatology might be related to factors like site, size and nature of lesions. It also indicates that in patients with benign MS and high MR lesion loads the risk of developing a secondary progressive form of the disease is still present even after many years after onset.
Published: 1996

32. A spinal cord MRI study of benign and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

Author: Massimo Filippi, C. Baratti, Adriana Campi, Vittorio Martinelli, Giancarlo Comi, Bruno Colombo, Clodoaldo Pereira, Filippi, Massimo, Campi, A, Colombo, B, Pereira, C, Martinelli, V, Baratti, C, and Comi, Giancarlo
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Neurology, Cord, Multiple Sclerosis, Central nervous system disease, medicine, Humans, Neuroradiology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Magnetic resonance imaging, medicine.disease, Spinal cord, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Spinal Cord, Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, Female, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, business
Abstract: This study was performed to achieve a better definition of the nature of the disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Axial spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at C5 was obtained in 15 patients with benign MS, 17 patients with secondary progressive MS and 10 healthy controls. Patients with secondary progressive MS had smaller spinal cord cross-sectional area (P = 0.01) and transverse diameter (P = 0.006) than patients with benign MS. The degree of disability was inversely correlated with both the cross-sectional area (r = -0.6, P = 0.0018) and transverse diameter (r = -0.5, P = 0.0032) of the cord. Spinal cord atrophy was found in 7 (41%) patients with secondary progressive MS and in 2 (13%) with benign MS. These findings suggest that destructive pathology within MS lesions might play a relevant role in the development of disability in MS.
Published: 1996

33. Triple dose of gadolinium-DTPA and delayed MRI in patients with benign multiple sclerosis

Author: G. Comi, N Marcianò, Ruggero Capra, F. Prandini, Massimo Filippi, Bruno Colombo, Adriana Campi, Roberto Gasparotti, Filippi, M, Capra, R, Campi, A, Colombo, B, Prandini, F, Marciano, N, Gasparotti, R, and Comi, G
Subjects: Gadolinium DTPA, Multiple Sclerosis, Time Factors, multiple sclerosis, magnetic resonance imaging, Gadolinium, Central nervous system disease, chemistry.chemical_compound, Text mining, medicine, Benign multiple sclerosis, Organometallic Compounds, Humans, In patient, Expanded Disability Status Scale, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Pentetic acid, Magnetic resonance imaging, Pentetic Acid, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Psychiatry and Mental health, chemistry, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), business, Nuclear medicine, Research Article
Abstract: Objectives - To evaluate whether a triple dose of gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) or delayed MRI increase the number, size, and conspicuousness of enhancing lesions in patients with benign multiple sclerosis. Methods - T1 weighted brain MRI was carried out on 20 patients with benign multiple sclerosis (expanded disability status scale < 3 with a disease duration > 10 years) in two sessions. In the first session, one scan was obtained before and two scans five to seven minutes and 20-30 minutes after the injection of 0.1 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA (standard dose). In the second session, six to 24 hours later, the same procedure was repeated with 0.3 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA (triple dose). Results - Nine enhancing lesions were found in seven patients (35%) using the standard dose of Gd-DTPA. The numbers of enhancing lesions increased to 13 (P = 0.03) and the number of patients with such lesions to eight (40%) on the delayed standard dose scans. On the early triple dose scans, we found 19 enhancing lesions in 10 patients (50%). The number of enhancing lesions was significantly higher (P = 0.01) than that obtained with the early standard dose. The number of enhancing lesions was 18 and the number of 'active' patients 11 (55%) on the delayed triple dose scans. The enhancing areas increased progressively from the early standard dose scans to the delayed triple dose scans. The contrast ratios of the lesions detected in the early standard dose scans was lower than those of lesions present in the early (P = 0.01) and delayed (P = 0.04) triple dose scans. Conclusions - More enhancing lesions were detected in patients with benign Neurology multiple sclerosis with both delay of and the use of a triple dose of Gd-DTPA suggesting that the amount of inflammation in the lesions of such patients is mild and heterogeneous.
Published: 1996

34. Comparison of triple dose versus standard dose gadolinium-DTPA for detection of MRI enhancing lesions in patients with MS

Author: Vittorio Martinelli, Giuseppe Scotti, Bruno Colombo, Simone Spuler, Tarek A. Yousry, Adriana Campi, Raymond Voltz, G. Comi, C Kandziora, S. Bressi, Massimo Filippi, Filippi, M, Yousry, T, Campi, A, Kandziora, C, Colombo, B, Voltz, R, Martinelli, V, Spuler, S, Bressi, S, Scotti, G, and Comi, G
Subjects: Gadolinium DTPA, Multiple Sclerosis, Time Factors, Gadolinium, chemistry.chemical_element, Contrast Media, Central nervous system disease, Lesion, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Organometallic Compounds, Humans, In patient, cardiovascular diseases, medicine.diagnostic_test, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Pentetic acid, Magnetic resonance imaging, Pentetic Acid, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Dose–response relationship, chemistry, Spinal Cord, cardiovascular system, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Nuclear medicine, business
Abstract: We studied whether a triple dose of gadolinium-DTPA alone or in combination with delayed scanning increases the sensitivity of brain MRI for detecting enhancing lesions in patients with MS. We obtained T1-weighted brain MRI scans in two sessions for 22 patients with clinically definite MS. In the first session, we obtained one scan 5 to 7 minutes after the injection of 0.1 mmol/kg gadolinium-DTPA (standard dose). In the second session, 6 to 24 hours later, we obtained one scan before the two scans 5 to 7 minutes (for all patients) and one hour (for 11 patients) after the injection of 0.3 mmol/kg gadolinium-DTPA (triple dose). We detected 83 enhancing lesions in 14 patients when the standard dose of gadolinium-DTPA was used. The numbers of enhancing lesions increased to 138 (average increase 66%; p = 0.001) and the numbers of patients with such lesions to 18 (increase 28%) when we used the triple dose of gadolinium-DTPA. In addition, the total area per patient occupied by such lesions was greater (p < 0.0001) and lesion signal intensity higher (p = 0.0001) on the triple-dose scans than the standard-dose scans. There was an increase in the number of large enhancing lesions (p = 0.03) in the scans obtained 1 hour after the injection of the triple dose of gadolinium-DTPA. These data indicate that in patients with MS, a triple dose of gadolinium-DTPA can reveal many more enhancing lesions, which also appear larger. This suggests that the pathologic nature of "active" lesions in MS is heterogeneous, which might have impact on planning clinical trials.
Published: 1996

35. A high-resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted gradient echo sequence improves the detection of disease activity in multiple sclerosis

Author: Massimo Filippi, Tarek A. Yousry, Raymond Voltz, G. Comi, Marco Rovaris, Hatem Alkadhi, Adriana Campi, Mark A. Horsfield, Filippi, Massimo, Yousry, Ta, Horsfield, Ma, Alkadhi, H, Rovaris, M, Campi, A, Voltz, R, and Comi, Giancarlo
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, endocrine system diseases, RAGE (receptor), Disease activity, Central nervous system disease, medicine, Enhancing Lesion, T1 weighted, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Brain, Magnetic resonance imaging, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Surgery, Neurology, cardiovascular system, Female, Neurology (clinical), Nuclear medicine, business, human activities, Gradient echo
Abstract: In this study, we performed a post-contrast magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo (MP RAGE) sequence with subsequent reconstruction of axial slices with 5-, 3-, and 1-mm thickness in 26 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) to investigate the disease activity going on below the resolution of conventional scans. One hundred three enhancing lesions were detected using MP RAGE reconstructed with 1-mm-thick slices, 93 using MP RAGE reconstructed with 3-mm-thick slices and 82 using MP RAGE reconstructed with 5-mm-thick slices. The detection rate using 1-mm MP RAGE was 25.6% higher compared with 5-mm MP RAGE and 12% higher compared with 3-mm MP RAGE. Using 1-mm MP RAGE, we detected five enhancing lesions in 2 of the 12 patients (16.6%) who showed no enhancing lesions on the 5-mm MP RAGE and one enhancing lesion in 1 of the 10 patients (10%) who showed no enhancing lesions on the 3-mm MP RAGE. The increased sensitivity of 1-mm MP RAGE over the other two reconstruction slice thicknesses was due to improved detection of small lesions, located mainly in cortical/subcortical areas. These data indicate that the size of enhancing lesions in MS is highly variable, and that a significant proportion of disease activity goes undetected when performing conventional scans.
Published: 1996

36. Intra- and inter-observer agreement of brain MRI lesion volume measurements in multiple sclerosis. A comparison of techniques

Author: P. Reganati, Adriana Campi, DH Miller, Giancarlo Comi, C. Baratti, S. Bressi, Mark A. Horsfield, Massimo Filippi, Vittorio Martinelli, Filippi, M, Horsfield, Ma, Bressi, S, Martinelli, V, Baratti, C, Reganati, P, Campi, A, Miller, Dh, and Comi, G
Subjects: Observer Variation, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Inter observer agreement, Multiple sclerosis, Brain, Magnetic resonance imaging, Lesion volume, medicine.disease, Thresholding, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Surgery, Central nervous system disease, Lesion, parasitic diseases, medicine, Brain mri, Humans, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Nuclear medicine
Abstract: Summary The measurement of MRI lesion load in multiple sclerosis is increasingly being used to evaluate the natural history of the disease and to monitor the efficacy of treatments. If, as might occur in multicentre studies, lesion load is measured by several observers in different patients or by the same observer in serial scans, it would be necessary to utilize a technique which provides results with high inter- and intra-observer agreements. This study was performed to evaluate the intra- and inter-observer agreement of semi-automated lesion volume measurement using thresholding, and to compare them with those obtained using an arbitrary scoring system (ASS) and a quantitative manual tracing method (MTM). Brain MRIs were obtained for 20 clinically definite multiple sclerosis patients and were evaluated independently by three observers. The median intra- and inter-observer agreements were, respectively, 88.5% (range 69.0–96.8%) and 79.0% (range 73.3–98.3%) using the ASS, 95.0% (range 85.1–99.4%) and 93.4% (range 77.3–98.3%) for the MTM, 96.3% (range 94.2–98.9%) and 93.7% (range 83.8–98.3%) for the semi-automated technique. The intra- and inter-observer agreements for the semi-automated technique increased to 98.5% (range 96.3–99.8%) and 96.1% (range 90.5–98.6%) when a consensus in the choice of threshold for lesion segmentation was reached. The intra- and inter-observer agreements were significantly greater for the semi-automated method compared with both the arbitrary scoring and the MTMs. The intra-observer variability for the semi-automated technique was significantly lower (P < 0.0001) than the inter-observer variability obtained using the same technique. These data indicate that it is possible to obtain high intra- and inter-observer agreements using a semi-automatic thresholding technique to quantify lesion volumes in multiple sclerosis. The technique may prove useful in multicentre studies, in which a single observer is still preferable.
Published: 1995

37. A brain MRI study of different types of chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis

Author: Adriana Campi, Vittorio Martinelli, M. Rodegher, G. Comi, Giuseppe Scotti, Massimo Filippi, Nicola Canal, Filippi, Massimo, Campi, A, Martinelli, V, Rodegher, M, Scotti, G, Canal, N, and Comi, Giancarlo
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Cerebral Ventricles, Primary progressive, Lesion, Central nervous system disease, medicine, Brain mri, Humans, Brain magnetic resonance imaging, Neurologic Examination, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Brain, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Spinal cord, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, Spinal Cord, Chronic progressive multiple sclerosis, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Introduction - This study was performed to define the pattern of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in chronic-progressive MS (MS). Material and methods - Brain MRIs were obtained for 17 patients with secondary progressive MS (SPMS), 14 with primary progressive MS (PPMS) and S with «transitional» progressive MS (TPMS). Results - Total lesion loads were different for the three groups of patients (p
Published: 1995

38. Acute myelopathy of unknown aetiology: a clinical, neurophysiological and MRI study of short- and long-term prognostic factors

Author: T. Locatelli, Nicola Canal, Vittorio Martinelli, Bruno Colombo, Giacomo P. Comi, Marco Rovaris, Mariaemma Rodegher, Adriana Campi, Massimo Filippi, Martinelli, V, Comi, Giancarlo, Rovaris, M, Filippi, Massimo, Colombo, B, Locatelli, T, Campi, A, Rodegher, M, and Canal, N.
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Neurology, Time Factors, Spinal Cord Diseases, Central nervous system disease, Diagnosis, Differential, Myelopathy, Predictive Value of Tests, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Evoked potential, Evoked Potentials, Neuroradiology, Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Magnetic resonance imaging, Syndrome, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Spinal cord, Prognosis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Acute Disease, Female, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, business, Demyelinating Diseases, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Brain and spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), multimodal evoked potentials (EPs) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis were performed in 27 patients with acute myelopathy of unknown aetiology (AMUA), to detect the diagnostic and prognostic values of paraclinical tests at presentation. Spinal cord MRI was abnormal in 56% and brain MRI in 33% of the patients. Visual EPs were abnormal in 7%, median somatosensory EPs in 17%, tibial somatosensory EPs in 56% and motor EPs in 35% of the cases examined. Brain-stem acoustic EPs were normal in all the patients. CSF oligoclonal bands (OBs) were detected in 30% of cases. The patients were divided into subgroups according to the short-term clinical outcome (complete, partial or absent recovery). There were no significant differences among the three groups as regards MRI findings. Patients with complete recovery showed a significantly lower frequency of tibial somatosensory EP and motor EP abnormalities. According to the paraclinical findings at onset and on the basis of a long-term clinical follow-up (mean duration 24 months), 6 patients were diagnosed as having clinically definite multiple sclerosis, while 21 did not develop further neurological disturbances. Only the presence of CSF OBs was significantly more frequent in patients with definite multiple sclerosis. Our study indicates that EPs exploring spinal cord function are more powerful than spinal MRI for predicting the short-term outcome of AMUA, while the combined use of brain MRI and CSF OBs has the highest negative predictive value for the subsequent development of clinically definite multiple sclerosis.
Published: 1995

39. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and multimodal evoked potentials in benign and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

Author: Massimo Filippi, Nicola Canal, Vittorio Martinelli, Stefano Amadio, Adriana Campi, Giuseppe Scotti, G. Comi, T. Locatelli, S Mammi, Filippi, Massimo, Campi, A, Mammi, S, Martinelli, V, Locatelli, T, Scotti, G, Amadio, S, Canal, N, and Comi, Giancarlo
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Severity of Illness Index, Central nervous system disease, Lesion, Severity of illness, medicine, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem, Humans, Evoked potential, Age of Onset, Pathological, medicine.diagnostic_test, Multiple sclerosis, Brain, Magnetic resonance imaging, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Radiography, Psychiatry and Mental health, Spinal Cord, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Age of onset, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Research Article
Abstract: Brain MRI and multimodal evoked potentials (EPs) were obtained for 13 patients with benign multiple sclerosis and 13 patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, matched for age and duration of the disease, to investigate the nature of the disability in multiple sclerosis. Patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis had significantly greater lesion loads for five of seven periventricular regions and for three of nine regions separate from the ventricles. Patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis also had more severe infratentorial atrophy scores (p = 0.04), whereas there were no differences between the two groups in number and extent of enhancing lesions. The frequencies were significantly higher and severities greater for multimodal EP abnormalities of all the modalities in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. At least one EP component was absent in 12 (92%) patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis but in only one patient (8%) with benign multiple sclerosis (p < 0.001). There was neurophysiological evidence for cervical cord involvement in eight (61%) patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis and in one with benign multiple sclerosis (p < 0.01). These data indicate that the total amount of lesions, the distribution, and the nature of the pathological process might all account for the development of disability in multiple sclerosis.
Published: 1995

40. Resolution-dependent estimates of lesion volumes in magnetic resonance imaging studies of the brain in multiple sclerosis

Author: Mark A. Horsfield, Clodoaldo Pereira, Massimo Filippi, Giancarlo Comi, Adriana Campi, S. Mammi, Filippi, Massimo, Horsfield, Ma, Campi, A, Mammi, S, Pereira, C, and Comi, Giancarlo
Subjects: Adult, Male, Materials science, Multiple Sclerosis, Slice thickness, Lesion volume, Brain mapping, Lesion, medicine, Humans, Multiple sclerosis lesion, Brain Mapping, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Resolution (electron density), Brain, Magnetic resonance imaging, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neurology, Linear Models, Regression Analysis, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Nuclear medicine, business
Abstract: In this study, we investigated the relationship between multiple sclerosis lesion volumes measured from magnetic resonance imaging scans and image-slice thickness. The lesion volume was computed using a semiautomated thresholding technique from axial scans of the brain of varying slice thickness. Ten patients were studied, and in all cases the computed lesion volume increased with decreasing slice thickness (p = 0.01). Linear extrapolation from our data allowed the lesion volume at very small slice thickness to be estimated; this was found to be on average 20% greater than that obtained using a slice thickness of 5 mm. Furthermore, there were considerable differences in the percentage of change in lesion volume from patient to patient, and it would appear that there is a larger variation with slice thickness for patients with smaller lesions and higher lesion loads.
Published: 1995

41. Transitional progressive multiple sclerosis: MRI and MTI findings

Author: Vittorio Martinelli, Clodoaldo Pereira, Adriana Campi, Giacomo P. Comi, Giuseppe Scotti, Massimo Filippi, Filippi, Massimo, Campi, A, Martinelli, V, Pereira, C, Scotti, G, and Comi, Giancarlo
Subjects: Adult, Progressive multiple sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Brain, Magnetic resonance imaging, General Medicine, Neuropsychological Tests, medicine.disease, Injections, Intramuscular, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Dexamethasone, Central nervous system disease, Neurology, medicine, Brain mri, Humans, Female, Magnetization transfer imaging, Neurology (clinical), business, Neuroscience
Abstract: Transitional progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is quite an unusual form of presentation and course of the disease. A case with this progressive form is presented and brain MRI and MTI findings are discussed in relation to the possible insight they may provide for understanding the mechanisms that determine progressive disability in MS.
Published: 1995

42. Does hemispheric dominance influence brain lesion distribution in multiple sclerosis?

Author: Massimo Filippi, Luigi M.E. Grimaldi, G. Comi, S Mammi, Adriana Campi, Gianvito Martino, Filippi, Massimo, Martino, Gianvito, Mammi, S, Campi, A, Comi, Giancarlo, and Grimaldi, Lme
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Adolescent, Central nervous system, Supratentorial region, Audiology, Lateralization of brain function, Lesion, Central nervous system disease, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Dominance, Cerebral, Pathological, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Magnetic resonance imaging, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Hand, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Surgery, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Neuroscience, Research Article
Abstract: To evaluate whether hemispheric lesion distribution in multiple sclerosis is related to the uneven interhemispheric localisation of cerebral function, a 10 item self administered questionnaire evaluating hand preference and supratentorial brain MRI was obtained in 23 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis. The mean degree of hand preference was +74 (range -86 to +100). The median lesion volumes were 7275 (range 1045-22 440) mm(3) for the left hemisphere and 5385 (range 1010-19 490) mm(3) for the right hemisphere. The degree of hand preference correlated with the index of interhemispheric lesion distribution (P = 0.02). The data suggest that local events, possibly related to specialisation of hemispheric function, might be responsible for the increased vulnerability of the dominant hemisphere to the pathological process of multiple sclerosis.
Published: 1995

43. SENSITIVITIES AND PREDICTIVE VALUES OF PARACLINICAL TESTS FOR DIAGNOSING MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS

Author: Francesco Riti, Ludovico D'Incerti, Vittorio Martinelli, M. Ferrarini, Vittorio Cosi, A. Citterio, Giuliano Avanzini, Graziella Filippini, Roberto Bergamaschi, F. Zappoli, Maurizio Sberna, Nadia Colombo, G. Comi, Giuseppe Scotti, Adriana Campi, L. Bevilacqua, Massimo Filippi, Mario Savoiardo, Filippini, G, Comi, Giancarlo, Cosi, V, Bevilacqua, L, Ferrarini, M, Martinelli, V, Bergamaschi, R, Filippi, Massimo, Citterio, A, Dincerti, L, Campi, A, Sberna, M, Riti, F, Avanzini, G, Colombo, N, Zappoli, F, Scotti, G, and Savoiardo, M.
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Multiple Sclerosis, Optic Neuritis, Neurology, Adolescent, Sensitivity and Specificity, Asymptomatic, Antibodies, White matter, Central nervous system disease, Predictive Value of Tests, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Evoked potential, Neuroradiology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Brain, Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins, Magnetic resonance imaging, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Female, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: The sensitivities and predictive values of visual, somatosensory, and brain auditory evoked potentials (EPs), cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal banding (CSF-OB) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were evaluated for the early diagnosis of clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS). Paraclinical evidence of asymptomatic lesions allows a diagnosis of CDMS. Eighty-two patients in whom MS was suspected but diagnosis of CDMS was not possible entered the study prospectively. Paraclinical examinations were performed at entry. Patients were examined and underwent EPs every 6 months, and MRI yearly. After a mean follow-up of 2.9 years, 28 patients (34%) had developed CDMS (McDonald-Halliday criteria). The initial MRI was strongly suggestive of MS in 19 of these (68%), while 27 (96%) had at least one MS-like abnormality in the initial MRI. CSF-OB and EPs had lower sensitivities. CDMS developed during follow-up in 19 of the 36 patients (53%) who had an initial MRI strongly suggestive of MS but in only 1 of the 25 who had normal MRI when first studied. These results support previous conclusions that MRI is the most sensitive test for detecting white matter asymptomatic lesions, and the most predictive for the diagnosis of CDMS.
Published: 1994

44. Correlation between multiple evoked potentials and disability in multiple sclerosis

Author: T. Locatelli, Mariaemma Rodegher, M. Rovaris, Adriana Campi, Vittorio Martinelli, Massimo Filippi, and G. Comi
Subjects: Correlation, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Multiple sclerosis, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), Audiology, business, medicine.disease
Published: 1995
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45. A spinal cord MRI study of benign and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

Author: Massimo Filippi, S Mammi, Clodoaldo Pereira, Adriana Campi, G. Comi, Nicola Canal, Vittorio Martinelli, and Bruno Colombo
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, business.industry, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, Neurology (clinical), business, Spinal cord
Published: 1995
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46. Triple dose of gadolinium-DTPA and delayed MRI scanning in benign multiple sclerosis

Author: G. Comi, Ruggero Capra, Bruno Colombo, F. Prandini, M Eilippi, Adriana Campi, Roberto Gasparotti, and N Marcianò
Subjects: Neurology, Gadolinium DTPA, business.industry, Immunology, Benign multiple sclerosis, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), business, Nuclear medicine
Published: 1995
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47. Resolution-dependent estimates of lesion volumes in MRI studies of the brain in multiple sclerosis

Author: Adriana Campi, Bruno Colombo, Mark A. Horsfield, G. Comi, Clodoaldo Pereira, Massimo Filippi, and S Mammi
Subjects: business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Immunology, Resolution (electron density), Mri studies, medicine.disease, Lesion, Neurology, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Nuclear medicine
Published: 1995
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48. Comparison of triple dose vs standard dose gadolinium-DTPA for detection of MRI enhancing lesions in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis

Author: Massimo Filippi, G. Comi, Giuseppe Scotti, Adriana Campi, Bruno Colombo, Nicola Canal, and Clodoaldo Pereira
Subjects: Neurology, Gadolinium DTPA, business.industry, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, In patient, Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis, Neurology (clinical), Nuclear medicine, business
Published: 1995
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49. Correlation between clinical variables and brain MRI lesion volume in patients with multiple sclerosis

Author: G. Comi, Adriana Campi, Vittorio Martinelli, Bruno Colombo, A. Poggi, S Mammi, Nicola Canal, and Massimo Filippi
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical variables, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Immunology, Lesion volume, medicine.disease, Correlation, Neurology, Brain mri, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, In patient, Neurology (clinical), Radiology, business
Published: 1995
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50. Effect of Dietary Hazelnut Peels on the Contents of Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Tocopherols, and on the Shelf-Life of Ripened Ewe Cheese

Author: Vita Maria Marino, Teresa Rapisarda, Margherita Caccamo, Bernardo Valenti, Alessandro Priolo, Giuseppe Luciano, Antonio Natalello, Adriana Campione, and Mariano Pauselli
Subjects: cholesterol, ewe cheese, fatty acids, hazelnut peels, tocopherols, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Hazelnut peel (HNP), a by-product from the chocolate industry, is considered to be a suitable ingredient to be included in the diet of ruminants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding dairy ewes with a diet containing HNP on ripened cheese quality, including fatty acid (FA) profile, cholesterol, and tocopherol content, as well as stability during storage under commercial conditions. In total, 10 experimental cheeses were produced with bulk milk obtained from ewes fed a commercial concentrate (C group; n = 5) or a concentrate containing 36% HNP in dry matter (HNP group; n = 5). After 40 days of aging, each cheese was sub-sampled into three slices: one was analyzed immediately (C0 and HNP0), and the other two were refrigerated and analyzed after seven days (C7 and HNP7) and 14 days (C14 and HNP14), respectively. Compared to C, HNP cheese had more than twice as many tocopherols and mono-unsaturated FA and respectively 38% and 24% less of cholesterol and saturated FA. Tocopherols and cholesterol levels remained rather stable up to 14 days of storage regardless of the experimental group, suggesting no cholesterol oxidation. Therefore, the inclusion of HNP in ewe diets could be a valid resource to produce cheese with a healthier lipid profile and higher tocopherols content.
Published: 2021
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