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1. Supramolecular fibrillation in coacervates and other confined systems towards biomimetic function

Author: Adrian Sanchez-Fernandez, Ignacio Insua, and Javier Montenegro
Subjects: Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Abstract As in natural cytoskeletons, the cooperative assembly of fibrillar networks can be hosted inside compartments to engineer biomimetic functions, such as mechanical actuation, transport, and reaction templating. Coacervates impose an optimal liquid-liquid phase separation within the aqueous continuum, functioning as membrane-less compartments that can organise such self-assembling processes as well as the exchange of information with their environment. Furthermore, biological fibrillation can often be controlled or assisted by intracellular compartments. Thus, the reconstitution of analogues of natural filaments in simplified artificial compartments, such as coacervates, offer a suitable model to unravel, mimic, and potentially exploit cellular functions. This perspective summarises the latest developments towards assembling fibrillar networks under confinement inside coacervates and related compartments, including a selection of examples ranging from biological to fully synthetic monomers. Comparative analysis between coacervates, lipid vesicles, and droplet emulsions showcases the interplay between supramolecular fibres and the boundaries of the corresponding compartment. Combining inspiration from natural systems and the custom properties of tailored synthetic fibrillators, rational monomer and compartment design will contribute towards engineering increasingly complex and more realistic artificial protocells.
Published: 2024
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2. Community engagement in tuberculosis research: the EU-Patient-cEntric clinicAl tRial pLatforms (EU-PEARL) experience

Author: Francesca Saluzzo, Juan Espinosa-Pereiro, Stephan Dressler, Ezio Tàvora Dos Santos Filho, Stephanie Seidel, Jesus Gonzalez Moreno, Norbert Heinrich, Adrian Sanchez-Montalva, and Daniela Maria Cirillo
Subjects: Community engagement, Tuberculosis research, Clinical trials, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Objectives: Community representatives are key to ensuring that tuberculosis (TB) research is relevant, culturally sensitive, and appropriate. For all trials (new drugs or treatment regimens, diagnostics, or vaccines) this can result in improvement of recruitment, retention, and adherence to the trial schedule. The early engagement of the community will, later in time, support the process of implementation of new policies designed for successful products. We aim at developing a structured protocol for the early engagement of TB community representatives developed in the context of the EU-Patient-cEntric clinicAl tRial pLatforms (EU-PEARL) project. Design: The EU-PEARL Innovative Medicine Initiative 2 (IMI2) project TB work package has developed a community engagement (CE) framework to ensure fair and efficient participation of the community in the design and implementation of TB clinical platform trials. Results: We showed that early engagement of the EU-PEARL community advisory board highly contributes to the process of development of a community-acceptable Master Protocol Trial and Intervention-Specific Appendixes. We identified capacity building and training as major gaps in advancing CE in the TB field. Conclusion: Developing strategies to address these needs can contribute to preventing tokenism and increase the acceptability and appropriateness of TB research.
Published: 2023
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3. Computed Tomography Attenuation of Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing Materials—Depository to Aid in Constructing 3D-Printed Phantoms

Author: Yuktesh Kalidindi, Aravinda Krishna Ganapathy, Yash Nayak, Anusha Elumalai, David Z. Chen, Grace Bishop, Adrian Sanchez, Brian Albers, Anup S. Shetty, and David H. Ballard
Subjects: 3D printing, FormLabs, attenuation, stereolithography, computed tomography, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract: Three-dimensionally printed phantoms are increasingly used in medical imaging and research due to their cost-effectiveness and customizability, offering valuable alternatives to commercial phantoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the computed tomography (CT) attenuation characteristics of 27 resin materials from Formlabs, a 3D printing equipment and materials manufacturer. Cube phantoms (both solid and hollow constructions) produced with each resin were subjected to CT scanning under varying tube current–time products with attenuation measurements recorded in Hounsfield units (HU). The resins exhibited a wide range of attenuation values (−3.33 to 2666.27 HU), closely mimicking a range of human tissues, from fluids to dense bone structures. The resins also demonstrated consistent attenuation regardless of changes in the tube current. The CT attenuation analysis of FormLabs resins produced an archive of radiological imaging characteristics of photopolymers that can be utilized to construct more accurate tissue mimicking medical phantoms and improve the evaluation of imaging device performance.
Published: 2023
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4. Safety of Rifampicin at High Dose for Difficult-to-Treat Tuberculosis: Protocol for RIAlta Phase 2b/c Trial

Author: Juan Espinosa-Pereiro, Samiksha Ghimire, Marieke G. G. Sturkenboom, Jan-Willem C. Alffenaar, Margarida Tavares, Sarita Aguirre, Arturo Battaglia, Gladys Molinas, Teresa Tórtola, Onno W. Akkerman, Adrian Sanchez-Montalva, and Cecile Magis-Escurra
Subjects: tuberculosis, rifampicin, clinical trial, vulnerable population, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract: Previous clinical trials for drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB) have shown that first-line treatment with doses of rifampicin up to 40 mg/kg are safe and increase the early treatment response for young adults with pulmonary tuberculosis. This may lead to a shorter treatment duration for those persons with TB and a good baseline prognosis, or increased treatment success for vulnerable subgroups (age > 60, diabetes, malnutrition, HIV, hepatitis B or hepatitis C coinfection, TB meningitis, stable chronic liver diseases). Here, we describe the design of a phase 2b/c clinical study under the hypothesis that rifampicin at 35 mg/kg is as safe for these vulnerable groups as for the participants included in previous clinical trials. RIAlta is an interventional, open-label, multicenter, prospective clinical study with matched historical controls comparing the standard DS-TB treatment (isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) with rifampicin at 35 mg/kg (HR35ZE group) vs. rifampicin at 10 mg/kg (historical HR10ZE group). The primary outcome is the incidence of grade ≥ 3 Adverse Events or Severe Adverse Events. A total of 134 participants will be prospectively included, and compared with historical matched controls with at least a 1:1 proportion. This will provide a power of 80% to detect non-inferiority with a margin of 8%. This study will provide important information for subgroups of patients that are more vulnerable to TB bad outcomes and/or treatment toxicity. Despite limitations such as non-randomized design and the use of historical controls, the results of this trial may inform the design of future more inclusive clinical trials, and improve the management of tuberculosis in subgroups of patients for whom scientific evidence is still scarce. Trial registration: EudraCT 2020-003146-36, NCT04768231.
Published: 2022
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5. Mix-and-Match Diols: Adjusting Self-Assembly of Micellar Phases in Choline Chloride Eutectics

Author: Oliver S. Hammond, Adrian Sanchez-Fernandez, Rachel Tyte, Robert Dalgliesh, Andrew J. Smith, and Karen J. Edler
Subjects: deep eutectic solvents, surfactants, self-assembly, liquid crystals, small-angle scattering, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract: The common Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) ‘ethaline’ (1:2 choline chloride:ethylene glycol) was examined here as a basis for the self-assembly of the surfactant dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C12TAB). A phase diagram was constructed, showing evidence for a L1 (micellar) phase, confirmed by tensiometry to have a room temperature critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 1.2 wt.%. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements indicate formation of interacting globular micelles with slightly smaller apparent radii than in water. The apparent mesophase/multiphase region was studied using SWAXS, demonstrating rich mesoscopic lyotropic liquid crystalline phase behaviour, with evidence for lamellar Lα peaks, alongside potential co-crystalline phases. We attempted to tailor the self-assembly by studying binary DES containing longer diols including 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,5-pentanediol, and ternary DES where the HBD component was a 1:1 ethylene glycol:diol mixture. However, synchrotron SAXS showed that only ternary ‘propethaline’ mixtures displayed signs of self-assembly and micellization, perhaps due to the reduction in calculated Gordon parameter, which decreases linearly with increasing alkyl chain length. Systematic differences were thus observed in the ability of the solvents to modulate assembly, from globular micelles in ChCl:EG, to weaker assembly in long-tail DES, and complete solubilisation in butaline and pentaline.
Published: 2022
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6. Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome in Traveler Returning from Nepal to Spain

Author: Elena Sulleiro, Maria Luisa Aznar, Núria Serre-Delcor, Fernando Salvador, Adrian Sanchez-Montalvá, Mateu Espasa, Daniel Molina, Fernando de Ory, M. Paz Sanchez-Seco, Israel Molina, Candido Diaz-Lagares, Miguel J. Martinez, Tomàs Pumarola, and Inés Oliveira
Subjects: hantavirus, cardiopulmonary syndrome, Nepal, traveler, India, Sri Lanka, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Most human hantavirus infections occur in Asia, but some cases have been described in Europe in travelers returning from Asia. We describe a case of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in a previously healthy traveler occurring shortly after he returned to Spain from Nepal. Serologic tests suggested a Puumala virus–like infection.
Published: 2020
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7. Prevention of oronasal fistula in primary palatoplasty with acellular dermal matrix

Author: Adrian Sanchez Balado, Maria Teresa Fernandez Diez, Mauricio Fernando Umaña Ordoñez, and Elena Lorda Barraguer
Subjects: acellular dermal matrix, cleft palate, complications, palatal fistula, Dentistry, RK1-715, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract: Palatal fistula after primary palatoplasty remains one of the most difficult complications that plastic surgeons have to face. Once the fistula has developed, the complexity of the reconstruction increases significantly, and the revisional surgery results are not promising. The recent use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) provides a new perspective for the reconstructive surgeon. Our goal is to reduce and prevent the postoperative oronasal fistula in patients with cleft palate by placing an ADM in the zone 3 and 4 of Pittsburgh (hard palate and hard–soft palate junction), creating an extra layer for support of the cleft palate. Seven children diagnosed of palatal cleft with high risk of developing oronasal fistula were operated. The technique of choice was two-flap palatoplasty with lateral incisions and intravelar veloplasty and three-layered closure with ADM in the hard palate and hard–soft palate junction. One patient developed a 3-mm oronasal fistula at 3-month follow-up, with spontaneous closure at 12 months. The rest of the children had an uneventful evolution. Our rate of postoperative oronasal fistula was 0% at 12 months. The use of ADM in primary palatoplasty had been of great use to prevent complications in high-risk oronasal fistula patients.
Published: 2019
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8. The Impact of Glycerol on an Affibody Conformation and Its Correlation to Chemical Degradation

Author: Ingrid Ramm, Adrian Sanchez-Fernandez, Jaeyeong Choi, Christian Lang, Jonas Fransson, Herje Schagerlöf, Marie Wahlgren, and Lars Nilsson
Subjects: pharmaceutical proteins, liquid formulation, glycerol, protein stability, chemical degradation, chemical stability, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract: The addition of glycerol to protein solutions is often used to hinder the aggregation and denaturation of proteins. However, it is not a generalised practice against chemical degradation reactions. The chemical degradation of proteins, such as deamidation and isomerisation, is an important deteriorative mechanism that leads to a loss of functionality of pharmaceutical proteins. Here, the influence of glycerol on the chemical degradation of a protein and its correlation to glycerol-induced conformational changes is presented. The time-dependent chemical degradation of a pharmaceutical protein, GA-Z, in the absence and presence of glycerol was investigated in a stability study. The effect of glycerol on protein conformation and oligomerisation was characterised using asymmetric field-flow fractionation and small-angle neutron scattering in a wide glycerol concentration range of 0–90% v/v. The results from the stability study were connected to the observed glycerol-induced conformational changes in the protein. A correlation between protein conformation and the protective effect of glycerol against the degradation reactions deamidation, isomerisation, and hydrolysis was found. The study reveals that glycerol induces conformational changes of the protein, which favour a more compact and chemically stable state. It is also shown that the conformation can be changed by other system properties, e.g., protein concentration, leading to increased chemical stability.
Published: 2021
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9. Combining Clustering Methods With MPS to Estimate Structural Uncertainty for Hydrological Models

Author: Troels Norvin Vilhelmsen, Esben Auken, Anders Vest Christiansen, Adrian Sanchez Barfod, Pernille Aabye Marker, and Peter Bauer-Gottwein
Subjects: groundwater modeling, uncertainty analysis, multiple point statistics, structural uncertainty, SkyTEM, SNESIM, Science
Abstract: This study presents a novel expansion of the clay-fraction (CF)/resistivity clustering method aiming at developing realizations of subsurface structures based on multiple point statistics (MPS). The CF-resistivity clustering method is used to define a data driven training image (TI) for MPS simulations. By combining this TI with uncertainty estimates obtained from correlation between the resistivity models and the unique categories in the TI, subsurface realizations are generated honoring geophysical and lithological data. The generated subsurface realizations were calibrated in a steady state groundwater model. Forecasts of well catchment zones were derived based on two wells located in areas with different levels of structural uncertainty. The catchment probability maps derived from the structural realizations were compared with the well catchment forecasted by a deterministic subsurface structure, and we are able to capture this catchment within the estimated uncertainties. We believe that this study is the first to combine MPS methods with a complete data driven workflow going directly from lithological and geophysical data to realizations of the subsurface structures. The main benefits of this is that it is data driven, fast, reproducible, and transparent.
Published: 2019
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10. Association between sleep-disordered breathing and breast cancer aggressiveness.

Author: Francisco Campos-Rodriguez, Antonio Cruz-Medina, Maria Jose Selma, Maria Rodriguez-de-la-Borbolla-Artacho, Adrian Sanchez-Vega, Francisco Ripoll-Orts, Carmen V Almeida-Gonzalez, and Miguel Angel Martinez-Garcia
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: BACKGROUND:Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) has been associated with cancer aggressiveness, but studies focused on specific tumors are lacking. In this pilot study we investigated whether SDB is associated with breast cancer (BC) aggressiveness. METHODS:83 consecutive women 28% and Ki6728% and Ki67
Published: 2018
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11. Resource-Interaction Graph: Efficient Graph Representation for Anomaly Detection

Author: Pope, James, Liang, Jinyuan, Kumar, Vijay, Raimondo, Francesco, Sun, Xinyi, McConville, Ryan, Pasquier, Thomas, Piechocki, Rob, Oikonomou, George, Luo, Bo, Howarth, Dan, Mavromatis, Ioannis, Mompo, Adrian Sanchez, Carnelli, Pietro, Spyridopoulos, Theodoros, and Khan, Aftab
Subjects: Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract: Security research has concentrated on converting operating system audit logs into suitable graphs, such as provenance graphs, for analysis. However, provenance graphs can grow very large requiring significant computational resources beyond what is necessary for many security tasks and are not feasible for resource constrained environments, such as edge devices. To address this problem, we present the \textit{resource-interaction graph} that is built directly from the audit log. We show that the resource-interaction graph's storage requirements are significantly lower than provenance graphs using an open-source data set with two container escape attacks captured from an edge device. We use a graph autoencoder and graph clustering technique to evaluate the representation for an anomaly detection task. Both approaches are unsupervised and are thus suitable for detecting zero-day attacks. The approaches can achieve f1 scores typically over 80\% and in some cases over 90\% for the selected data set and attacks., Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, 6 tables, for dataset see https://github.com/jpope8/container-escape-dataset, for code see https://github.com/jpope8/container-escape-analysis
Published: 2022

12. Early Monitoring Tool for IADL Independence Based on Conversational Agents

Author: Perez-Vereda, Alejandro, Ortega, Adrián Sánchez-Miguel, González, Iván, Fontecha, Jesús, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Bravo, José, editor, Nugent, Chris, editor, and Cleland, Ian, editor
Published: 2024
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13. Early trajectories of virological and immunological biomarkers and clinical outcomes in patients admitted to hospital for COVID-19: an international, prospective cohort study

Author: Sahner, David, Tierney, John, Vogel, Susan E., Herpin, Betsey R., Smolskis, Mary C., McKay, Laura A., Cahill, Kelly, Crew, Page, Sardana, Ratna, Raim, Sharon Segal, Hensely, Lisa, Lorenzo, Johsua, Mock, Rebecca, Zuckerman, Judith, Atri, Negin, Miller, Mark, Vallee, David, Chung, Lucy, Kang, Nayon, Barrett, Kevin, Adam, Stacey J., Read, Sarah, Draghia-Akli, Ruxandra, Currier, Judy, Hughes, Eric, Harrigan, Rachel H., Amos, Laura, Carlsen, Amy, Carter, Anita, Collins, Gary, Davis, Bionca, Denning, Eileen, DuChene, Alain, Eckroth, Kate, Engen, Nicole, Frase, Alex, Gandits, Greg, Grund, Birgit, Harrison, Merrie, Hurlbut, Nancy, Kaiser, Payton, Koopmeiners, Joseph, Larson, Gregg, Meger, Sue, Mistry, Shweta Sharma, Murray, Thomas, Nelson, Ray, Quan, Kien, Quan, Siu Fun, Reilly, Cavan, Siegel, Lianne, Thompson, Greg, Vock, David, Walski, Jamie, Gelijns, Annetine C., Moskowitz, Alan J., Bagiella, Emilia, Moquete, Ellen, O'Sullivan, Karen, Marks, Mary E., Accardi, Evan, Kinzel, Emily, Burris, Sarah, Bedoya, Gabriela, Gupta, Lola, Overbey, Jessica R., Santos, Milerva, Gillinov, Marc A., Miller, Marissa A., Taddei-Peters, Wendy C., Fenton, Kathleen, Sandkovsky, Uriel, Gottlieb, Robert L., Mack, Michael, Berhe, Mezgebe, Haley, Clinton, Dishner, Emma, Bettacchi, Christopher, Golden, Kevin, Duhaime, Erin, Ryan, Madison, Tallmadge, Catherine, Estrada, Lorie, Jones, Felecia, Villa, Samatha, Wang, Samatha, Robert, Raven, Coleman, Tanquinisha, Clariday, Laura, Baker, Rebecca, Hurutado-Rodriguez, Mariana, Iram, Nazia, Fresnedo, Michelle, Davis, Allyson, Leonard, Kiara, Ramierez, Noelia, Thammavong, Jon, Duque, Krizia, Turner, Emma, Fisher, Tammy, Robinson, Dianna, Ransom, Desirae, Maldonado, Nicholas, Lusk, Erica, Killian, Aaron, Palacious, Adriana, Solis, Edilia, Jerrow, Janet, Watts, Matthew, Whitacre, Heather, Cothran, Elizabeth, Smith, Peter K., Barkauskas, Christina E., Vekstein, Andrew M., Ko, Emily R., Dreyer, Grace R., Stafford, Neil, Brooks, Megan, Der, Tatyana, Witte, Marie, Gamarallage, Ruwan, Franzone, John, Ivey, Noel, Lumsden, Rebecca H., Mosaly, Nilima, Mourad, Ahmaad, Holland, Thomas L., Motta, Mary, Lane, Kathleen, McGowan, Lauren M., Stout, Jennifer, Aloor, Heather, Bragg, Kennesha M., Toledo, Barvina, McLendon-Arvik, Beth, Bussadori, Barbara, Hollister, Beth A., Griffin, Michelle, Giangiacomo, Dana M., Rodriguez, Vicente, Bokhart, Gordon, Eichman, Sharon M., Parrino, Patrick E., Spindel, Stephen, Bansal, Aditya, Baumgarten, Katherine, Hand, Johnathan, Vonderhaar, Derek, Nossaman, Bobby, Sylvia Laudun, Ames, DeAnna, Broussard, Shane, Hernandez, Nilmo, Isaac, Geralyn, Dinh, Huan, Zheng, Yiling, Tran, Sonny, McDaniel, Hunter, Crovetto, Nicolle, Perin, Emerson, Costello, Briana, Manian, Prasad, Sohail, M. Rizwan, Postalian, Alexander, Hinsu, Punit, Watson, Carolyn, Chen, James, Fink, Melyssa, Sturgis, Lydia, Walker, Kim, Mahon, Kim, Parenti, Jennifer, Kappenman, Casey, Knight, Aryn, Sturek, Jeffrey M., Barros, Andrew, Enfield, Kyle B., Kadl, Alexandra, Green, China J., Simon, Rachel M., Fox, Ashley, Thornton, Kara, Adams, Amy, Badhwar, Vinay, Sharma, Sunil, Peppers, Briana, McCarthy, Paul, Krupica, Troy, Sarwari, Arif, Reece, Rebecca, Fornaresico, Lisa, Glaze, Chad, Evans, Raquel, Di, Fang, Carlson, Shawn, Aucremanne, Tanja, Tennant, Connie, Sutton, Lisa Giblin, Buterbaugh, Sabrina, Williams, Roger, Bunner, Robin, Traverse, Jay H., Rhame, Frank, Huelster, Joshua, Kethireddy, Rajesh, Davies, Irena, Salamanca, Julianne, Majeski, Christine, Skelton, Paige, Zarambo, Maria, Sarafolean, Andrea, Bowdish, Michael E., Borok, Zea, Wald-Dickler, Noah, Hutcheon, Douglass, Towfighi, Amytis, Lee, Mary, Lewis, Meghan R., Spellberg, Brad, Sher, Linda, Sharma, Aniket, Olds, Anna P., Justino, Chris, Loxano, Edward, Romero, Chris, Leong, Janet, Rodina, Valentina, Quesada, Christine, Hamilton, Luke, Escobar, Jose, Leshnower, Brad, Bender, William, Sharifpour, Milad, Miller, Jeffrey, Farrington, Woodrow, Baio, Kim T., McBride, Mary, Fielding, Michele, Mathewson, Sonya, Porte, Kristina, Maton, Missy, Ponder, Chari, Haley, Elisabeth, Spainhour, Christine, Rogers, Susan, Tyler, Derrick, Madathil, Ronson J., Rabin, Joseph, Levine, Andrea, Saharia, Kapil, Tabatabai, Ali, Lau, Christine, Gammie, James S., Peguero, Maya-Loren, McKernan, Kimberly, Audette, Mathew, Fleischmann, Emily, Akbari, Kreshta, Lee, Myounghee, Chi, Andrew, Salehi, Hanna, Pariser, Alan, Nyguyen, Phuong Tran, Moore, Jessica, Gee, Adrienne, Vincent, Shelika, Zuckerman, Richard A., Iribarne, Alexander, Metzler, Sara, Shipman, Samantha, Johnson, Haley, Newton, Crystallee, Parr, Doug, Miller, Leslie, Schelle, Beth, McLean, Sherry, Rothbaum, Howard R., Alvarez, Michael S., Kalan, Shivam P., Germann, Heather H., Hendershot, Jennifer, Moroney, Karen, Herring, Karen, Cook, Sharri, Paul, Pam, Walker-Ignasiak, Rebecca, North, Crystal, Oldmixon, Cathryn, Ringwood, Nancy, Muzikansky, Ariela, Morse, Richard, Fitzgerald, Laura, Morin, Haley D., Brower, Roy G., Reineck, Lora A., Bienstock, Karen, Steingrub, Jay H., Hou, Peter K., Steingrub, Jay S., Tidswell, Mark A., Kozikowski, Lori-Ann, Kardos, Cynthia, DeSouza, Leslie, Romain, Sarah, Thornton-Thompson, Sherell, Talmor, Daniel, Shapiro, Nathan, Andromidas, Konstantinos, Banner-Goodspeed, Valerie, Bolstad, Michael, Boyle, Katherine L., Cabrera, Payton, deVilla, Arnaldo, Ellis, Joshua C., Grafals, Ana, Hayes, Sharon, Higgins, Conor, Kurt, Lisa, Kurtzman, Nicholas, Redman, Kimberly, Rosseto, Elinita, Scaffidi, Douglas, Filbin, Michael R., Hibbert, Kathryn A., Parry, Blair, Margolin, Justin, Hillis, Brooklynn, Hamer, Rhonda, Brait, Kelsey, Beakes, Caroline, McKaig, Brenna, Kugener, Eleonore, Jones, Alan E., Galbraith, James, Nandi, Utsav, Peacock, Rebekah, Hendey, Gregory, Kangelaris, Kirsten, Ashktorab, Kimia, Gropper, Rachel, Agrawal, Anika, Yee, Kimberley J., Jauregui, Alejandra E., Zhuo, Hanjing, Almasri, Eyad, Fayed, Mohamed, Hubel, Kinsley A., Hughes, Alyssa R., Garcia, Rebekah L., Lim, George W., Chang, Steven Y., Lin, Michael Y., Vargas, Julia, Sihota, Hena, Beutler, Rebecca, Agarwal, Trisha, Wilson, Jennifer G., Vojnik, Rosemary, Perez, Cynthia, McDowell, Jordan H., Roque, Jonasel, Wang, Henry, Huebinger, Ryan M., Patel, Bela, Vidales, Elizabeth, Albertson, Timothy, Hardy, Erin, Harper, Richart, Moss, Marc A., Baduashvili, Amiran, Chauhan, Lakshmi, Douin, David J., Martinez, Flora, Finck, Lani L., Bastman, Jill, Howell, Michelle, Higgins, Carrie, McKeehan, Jeffrey, Finigan, Jay, Stubenrauch, Peter, Janssen, William J., Griesmer, Christine, VerBurg, Olivia, Hyzy, Robert C., Park, Pauline K., Nelson, Kristine, McSparron, Jake I., Co, Ivan N., Wang, Bonnie R., Jimenez, Jose, Olbrich, Norman, McDonough, Kelli, Jia, Shijing, Hanna, Sinan, Gong, Michelle N., Richardson, Lynne D., Nair, Rahul, Lopez, Brenda, Amosu, Omowunmi, Offor, Obiageli, Tzehaie, Hiwet, Nkemdirim, William, Boujid, Sabah, Mosier, Jarrod M., Hypes, Cameron, Campbell, Elizabeth Salvagio, Bixby, Billie, Gilson, Boris, Lopez, Anitza, Bime, Christian, Parthasarathy, Sairam, Cano, Ariana M., Hite, R. Duncan, Terndrup, Thomas E., Wiedemann, Herbert P., Hudock, Kristin, Tanzeem, Hammad, More, Harshada, Martinkovic, Jamie, Sellers, Susan, Houston, Judy, Burns, Mary, Kiran, Simra, Roads, Tammy, Kennedy, Sarah, Duggal, Abhijit, Thiruchelvam, Nirosshan, Ashok, Kiran, King, Alexander H., Mehkri, Omar, Dugar, Siddharth, Sahoo, Debasis, Yealy, Donald M., Angus, Derek C., Weissman, Alexandra J., Vita, Tina M., Berryman, Emily, Hough, Catherine L., Khan, Akram, Krol, Olivia F., Mills, Emmanuel, Kinjal, Mistry, Briceno, Genesis, Reddy, Raju, Hubel, Kinsley, Jouzestani, Milad K., McDougal, Madeline, Deshmukh, Rupali, Johnston, Nicholas J., Robinson, Bryce H., Gundel, Staphanie J., Katsandres, Sarah C., Chen, Peter, Torbati, Sam S., Parimon, Tanyalak, Caudill, Antonina, Mattison, Brittany, Jackman, Susan E., Chen, Po-En, Bayoumi, Emad, Ojukwu, Cristabelle, Fine, Devin, Weissberg, Gwendolyn, Isip, Katherine, Choi-Kuaea, Yunhee, Mehdikhani, Shaunt, Dar, Tahir B., Fleury Augustin, Nsole Biteghe, Tran, Dana, Dukov, Jennifer Emilow, Matusov, Yuri, Choe, June, Hindoyan, Niree A., Wynter, Timothy, Pascual, Ethan, Clapham, Gregg J., Herrera, Lisa, Caudill, Antonia, O’Mahony, D. Shane, Nyatsatsang, Sonam T., Wilson, David M., Wallick, Julie A., Duven, Alexandria M., Fletcher, Dakota D., Miller, Chadwick, Files, D. Clark, Gibbs, Kevin W., Flores, Lori S., LaRose, Mary E., Landreth, Leigha D., Palacios, D. Rafael, Parks, Lisa, Hicks, Madeline, Goodwin, Andrew J., Kilb, Edward F., Lematty, Caitlan T., Patti, Kerilyn, Grady, Abigail, Rasberry, April, Morris, Peter E., Sturgill, Jamie L., Cassity, Evan P., Dhar, Sanjay, Montgomery-Yates, Ashley A., Pasha, Sarah N., Mayer, Kirby P., Pharm.D., Brittany Bissel, Trott, Terren, Rehman, Shahnaz, de Wit, Marjolein, Mason, Jessica, Bledsoe, Joseph, Knowlton, Kirk U., Brown, Samuel, Lanspa, Michael, Leither, Lindsey, Pelton, Ithan, Armbruster, Brent P., Montgomery, Quinn, Kumar, Naresh, Fergus, Melissa, Imel, Karah, Palmer, Ghazal, Webb, Brandon, Klippel, Carolyn, Jensen, Hannah, Duckworth, Sarah, Gray, Andrew, Burke, Tyler, Knox, Dan, Lumpkin, Jenna, Aston, Valerie T., Applegate, Darrin, Serezlic, Erna, Brown, Katie, Merril, Mardee, Harris, Estelle S., Middleton, Elizabeth A., Barrios, Macy A.G., Greer, Jorden, Schmidt, Amber D., Webb, Melissa K., Paine, Roert, Callahan, Sean J., Waddoups, Lindsey J., Yamane, Misty B., Self, Wesley H., Rice, Todd W., Casey, Jonathan D., Johnson, Jakea, Gray, Christopher, Hays, Margaret, Roth, Megan, Menon, Vidya, Kasubhai, Moiz, Pillai, Anjana, Daniel, Jean, Sittler, Daniel, Kanna, Balavenkatesh, Jilani, Nargis, Amaro, Francisco, Santana, Jessica, Lyakovestsky, Aleksandr, Madhoun, Issa, Desroches, Louis Marie, Amadon, Nicole, Bahr, Alaa, Ezzat, Imaan, Guerrero, Maryanne, Padilla, Joane, Fullmer, Jessie, Singh, Inderpreet, Ali Shah, Syed Hamad, Narang, Rajeev, Mock, Polly, Shadle, Melissa, Hernandez, Brenda, Welch, Kevin, Payne, Andrea, Ertl, Gabriela, Canario, Daniel, Barrientos, Isabel, Goss, Danielle, DeVries, Mattie, Folowosele, Ibidolapo, Garner, Dorothy, Gomez, Mariana, Price, Justin, Bansal, Ekta, Wong, Jim, Faulhaber, Jason, Fazili, Tasaduq, Yeary, Brian, Ndolo, Ruth, Bryant, Christina, Smigeil, Bridgette, Robinson, Philip, Najjar, Rana, Jones, Patrice, Nguyen, Julie, Chin, Christina, Taha, Hassan, Najm, Salah, Smith, Christopher, Moore, Jason, Nassar, Talal, Gallinger, Nick, Christian, Amy, Mauer, D’Amber, Phipps, Ashley, Waters, Michael, Zepeda, Karla, Coslet, Jordan, Landazuri, Rosalynn, Pineda, Jacob, Uribe, Nicole, Garcia, Jose Ruiz, Barbabosa, Cecilia, Sandler, Kaitlyn, Overcash, J. Scott, Marquez, Adrienna, Chu, Hanh, Lee, Kia, Quillin, Kimberly, Garcia, Andrea, Lew, Pauline, Rogers, Ralph, Shehadeh, Fadi, Mylona, Evangelia K., Kaczynski, Matthew, Tran, Quynh-Lam, Benitez, Gregorio, Mishra, Biswajit, Felix, Lewis Oscar, Vafea, Maria Tsikala, Atalla, Eleftheria, Davies, Robin, Hedili, Salma, Monkeberg, Maria Andrea, Tabler, Sandra, Harrington, Britt, Meegada, Sreenath, Koripalli, Venkata Sandeep, Muddana, Prithvi, Jain, Lakshay, Undavalli, Chaitanya, Kavya, Parasa, Ibiwoye, Mofoluwaso, Akilo, Hameed, Lovette, Bryce D., Wylie, Jamie-Crystal, Smith, Diana M., Poon, Kenneth, Eckardt, Paula, Heysu, Rubio-Gomez, Sundararaman, Nithya, Alaby, Doris, Sareli, Candice, Sánchez, Adriana, Popielski, Laura, Kambo, Amy, Viens, Kimberley, Turner, Melissa, Vjecha, Michael J., Weintrob, Amy, Brar, Indira, Markowitz, Norman, Pastor, Erika, Corpuz, Roweena, Alangaden, George, McKinnon, John, Ramesh, Mayur, Herc, Erica, Yared, Nicholas, Lanfranco, Odaliz Abreu, Rivers, Emanuel, Swiderek, Jennifer, Gupta, Ariella Hodari, Pabla, Pardeep, Eliya, Sonia, Jazrawi, Jehan, Delor, Jeremy, Desai, Mona, Cook, Aaron, Jaehne, Anja Kathrina, Gill, Jasreen Kaur, Renaud, Sheri, Sarveswaran, Siva, Gardner, Edward, Scott, James, Bianchini, Monica, Melvin, Casey, Kim, Gina, Wyles, David, Kamis, Kevin, Miller, Rachel, Douglas, Ivor, Haukoos, Jason, Hicks, Carrie, Lazarte, Susana, Marines-Price, Rubria, Osuji, Alice, Agbor Agbor, Barbine Tchamba, Petersen, Tianna, Kamel, Dena, Hansen, Laura, Garcia, Angie, Cha, Christine, Mozaffari, Azadeh, Hernandez, Rosa, Cutrell, James, Kim, Mina, DellaValle, Natalie, Gonzales, Sonia, Somboonwit, Charurut, Oxner, Asa, Guerra, Lucy, Hayes, Michael, Nguyen, Thi, Tran, Thanh, Pinto, Avenette, Hatlen, Timothy, Anderson, Betty, Zepeda-Gutierrez, Ana, Martin, Dannae, Temblador, Cindi, Cuenca, Avon, Tanoviceanu, Roxanne, Prieto, Martha, Guerrero, Mario, Daar, Eric, Correa, Ramiro, Hartnell, Gabe, Wortmann, Glenn, Doshi, Saumil, Moriarty, Theresa, Gonzales, Melissa, Garman, Kristin, Baker, Jason V., Frosch, Anne, Goldsmith, Rachael, Driver, Brian, Frank, Christine, Leviton, Tzivia, Prekker, Matthew, Jibrell, Hodan, Lo, Melanie, Klaphake, Jonathan, Mackedanz, Shari, Ngo, Linh, Garcia-Myers, Kelly, Kunisaki, Ken M., Wendt, Chris, Melzer, Anne, Wetherbee, Erin, Drekonja, Dimitri, Pragman, Alexa, Hamel, Aimee, Thielen, Abbie, Hassler, Miranda, Walquist, Mary, Augenbraun, Michael, George, Jensen, Demeo, Lynette, Mishko, Motria, Thomas, Lorraine, Tatem, Luis, Dehovitz, Jack, Abassi, Mahsa, Leuck, Anne-Marie, Rao, Via, Pullen, Matthew, Luke, Darlette, LaBar, Derek, Christiansen, Theresa, Howard, Diondra, Biswas, Kousick, Harrington, Cristin, Garcia, Amanda, Bremer, Tammy, Burke, Tara, Koker, Brittany, Davis-Karim, Anne, Pittman, David, Vasudeva, Shikha S., Johnstone, Jaylynn R., Agnetti, Kate, Davis, Ruby, Trautner, Barbara, Hines-Munson, Casey, Van, John, Dillon, Laura, Wang, Yiqun, Nagy-Agren, Stephanie, Vasudeva, Shikha, Ochalek, Tracy, Caldwell, Erin, Humerickhouse, Edward, Boone, David, McGraw, William, Looney, David J., Mehta, Sanjay R., Johns, Scott Thompson, St. John, Melissa, Raceles, Jacqueline, Sear, Emily, Funk, Stephen, Cesarini, Rosa, Fang, Michelle, Nicalo, Keith, Drake, Wonder, Jones, Beatrice, Holtman, Teresa, Nguyen, Hien H., Maniar, Archana, Johnson, Eric A., Nguyen, Lam, Tran, Michelle T., Barrett, Thomas W., Johnston, Tera, Huggins, John T., Beiko, Tatsiana Y., Hughes, Heather Y., McManigle, William C., Tanner, Nichole T., Washburn, Ronald G., Ardelt, Magdalena, Tuohy, Patricia A., Mixson, Jennifer L., Hinton, Charles G., Thornley, Nicola, Allen, Heather, Elam, Shannon, Boatman, Barry, Baber, Brittany J., Ryant, Rudell, Roller, Brentin, Nguyen, Chinh, Mikail, Amani Morgan, Research, Marivic Hansen, Lichtenberger, Paola, Baracco, Gio, Ramos, Carol, Bjork, Lauren, Sueiro, Melyssa, Tien, Phyllis, Freasier, Heather, Buck, Theresa, Nekach, Hafida, Holodniy, Mark, Chary, Aarthi, Lu, Kan, Peters, Theresa, Lopez, Jessica, Tan, Susanna Yu, Lee, Robert H., Asghar, Aliya, Karyn Isip, Tasadduq Karim, Le, Katherine, Nguyen, Thao, Wong, Shinn, Raben, Dorthe, Murray, Daniel D., Jensen, Tomas O., Peters, Lars, Aagaard, Bitten, Nielsen, Charlotte B., Krapp, Katharina, Nykjær, Bente Rosdahl, Olsson, Christina, Kanne, Katja Lisa, Grevsen, Anne Louise, Joensen, Zillah Maria, Bruun, Tina, Bojesen, Ane, Woldbye, Frederik, Normand, Nick E., Esman, Frederik V.L., Benfield, Thomas, Clausen, Clara Lundetoft, Hovmand, Nichlas, Israelsen, Simone Bastrup, Iversen, Katrine, Leding, Caecilie, Pedersen, Karen Brorup, Thorlacius-Ussing, Louise, Tinggaard, Michaela, Tingsgard, Sandra, Krohn-Dehli, Louise, Pedersen, Dorthe, Villadsen, Signe, Staehr Jensen, Jens-Ulrik, Overgaard, Rikke, Rastoder, Ema, Heerfordt, Christian, Hedsund, Caroline, Ronn, Christian Phillip, Kamstrup, Peter Thobias, Hogsberg, Dorthe Sandbaek, Bergsoe, Christina, Søborg, Christian, Hissabu, Nuria M.S., Arp, Bodil C., Ostergaard, Lars, Staerke, Nina Breinholt, Yehdego, Yordanos, Sondergaard, Ane, Johansen, Isik S., Pedersen, Andreas Arnholdt, Knudtzen, Fredrikke C., Larsen, Lykke, Hertz, Mathias A., Fabricius, Thilde, Holden, Inge K., Lindvig, Susan O., Helleberg, Marie, Gerstoft, Jan, Kirk, Ole, Jensen, Tomas Ostergaard, Madsen, Birgitte Lindegaard, Pedersen, Thomas Ingemann, Harboe, Zitta Barrella, Roge, Birgit Thorup, Hansen, Thomas Michael, Glesner, Matilde Kanstrup, Lofberg, Sandra Valborg, Nielsen, Ariella Denize, Leicht von Huth, Sebastian, Nielsen, Henrik, Thisted, Rikke Krog, Petersen, Kristine Toft, Juhl, Maria Ruwald, Podlekareva, Daria, Johnsen, Stine, Andreassen, Helle Frost, Pedersen, Lars, Clara Ellinor Lindnér, Cecilia Ebba, Wiese, Lothar, Knudsen, Lene Surland, Skrøder Nytofte, Nikolaj Julian, Havmøller, Signe Ravn, Expósito, Maria, Badillo, José, Martínez, Ana, Abad, Elena, Chamorro, Ana, Figuerola, Ariadna, Mateu, Lourdes, España, Sergio, Lucero, Maria Constanza, Santos, José Ramón, Lladós, Gemma, Lopez, Cristina, Carabias, Lydia, Molina-Morant, Daniel, Loste, Cora, Bracke, Carmen, Siles, Adrian, Fernández-Cruz, Eduardo, Di Natale, Marisa, Padure, Sergiu, Gomez, Jimena, Ausin, Cristina, Cervilla, Eva, Balastegui, Héctor, Sainz, Carmen Rodríguez, Lopez, Paco, Carbone, Javier, Escobar, Mariam, Balerdi, Leire, Legarda, Almudena, Roldan, Montserrat, Letona, Laura, Muñoz, José, Camprubí, Daniel, Arribas, Jose R., Sánchez, Rocio Montejano, Díaz-Pollán, Beatriz, Stewart, Stefan Mark, Garcia, Irene, Borobia, Alberto, Mora-Rillo, Marta, Estrada, Vicente, Cabello, Noemi, Nuñez-Orantos, M.J., Sagastagoitia, I., Homen, J.R., Orviz, E., Montalvá, Adrián Sánchez, Espinosa-Pereiro, Juan, Bosch-Nicolau, Pau, Salvador, Fernando, Burgos, Joaquin, Morales-Rull, Jose Luis, Moreno Pena, Anna Maria, Acosta, Cristina, Solé-Felip, Cristina, Horcajada, Juan P., Sendra, Elena, Castañeda, Silvia, López-Montesinos, Inmaculada, Gómez-Junyent, Joan, Gonzáles, Carlota Gudiol, Cuervo, Guilermo, Pujol, Miquel, Carratalà, Jordi, Videla, Sebastià, Günthard, Huldrych, Braun, Dominique L., West, Emily, M’Rabeth-Bensalah, Khadija, Eichinger, Mareile L., Grüttner-Durmaz, Manuela, Grube, Christina, Zink, Veronika, pharmacist, Goes pharmacist, Josefine, Fätkenheuer, Gerd, Malin, Jakob J., Tsertsvadze, Tengiz, Abutidze, Akaki, Chkhartishvili, Nikoloz, Metchurtchlishvili, Revaz, Endeladze, Marina, Paciorek, Marcin, Bursa, Dominik, Krogulec, Dominika, Pulik, Piotr, Ignatowska, Anna, Horban, Andrzej, Bakowska, Elzbieta, Kowaska, Justyna, Bednarska, Agnieszka, Jurek, Natalia, Skrzat-Klapaczynska, Agata, Bienkowski, Carlo, Hackiewicz, Malgorzata, Makowiecki, Michal, Platowski, Antoni, Fishchuk, Roman, Kobrynska, Olena, Levandovska, Khrystyna, Kirieieva, Ivanna, Kuziuk, Mykhailo, Naucler, Pontus, Perlhamre, Emma, Mazouch, Lotta, Kelleher, Anthony, Polizzotto, Mark, Carey, Catherine, Chang, Christina C., Hough, Sally, Virachit, Sophie, Davidson, Sarah, Bice, Daniel J., Ognenovska, Katherine, Cabrera, Gesalit, Flynn, Ruth, Young, Barnaby E., Chia, Po Ying, Lee, Tau Hong, Lin, Ray J., Lye, David C., Ong, Sean W.X., Puah, Ser Hon, Yeo, Tsin Wen, Diong, Shiau Hui, Ongko, Juwinda, Yeo, He Ping, Eriobu, Nnakelu, Kwaghe, Vivian, Zaiyad, Habib, Idoko, Godwin, Uche, Blessing, Selvamuthu, Poongulali, Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran, Beulah, Faith Ester, Govindarajan, Narayan, Mariyappan, Kowsalya, Losso, Marcelo H., Abela, Cecilia, Moretto, Renzo, Belloc, Carlos G., Ludueña, Jael, Amar, Josefina, Toibaro, Javier, Macias, Laura Moreno, Fernandez, Lucia, Frare, Pablo S., Chaio, Sebastian R., Pachioli, Valeria, Timpano, Stella M., Sanchez, Marisa del Lujan, de Paz Sierra, Mariana, Stanek, Vanina, Belloso, Waldo, Cilenti, Flavia L., Valentini, Ricardo N., Stryjewski, Martin E., Locatelli, Nicolas, Soler Riera, Maria C., Salgado, Clara, Baeck, Ines M., Di Castelnuovo, Valentina, Zarza, Stella M., Hudson, Fleur, Parmar, Mahesh K.B., Goodman, Anna L., Dphil, Badrock, Jonathan, Gregory, Adam, Goodall, Katharine, Harris, Nicola, Wyncoll, James, Bhagani, S., Rodger, A., Luntiel, A., Patterson, C., Morales, J., Witele, E., Preston, A.-M., Nandani, A., Price, D.A., Hanrath, Aiden, Nell, Jeremy, Patel, Bijal, Hays, Carole, Jones, Geraldine, Davidson, Jade, Bawa, T., Mathews, M., Mazzella, A., Bisnauthsing, K., Aguilar-Jimenez, L., Borchini, F., Hammett, S., Touloumi, Giota, Pantazis, Nikos, Gioukari, Vicky, Souliou, Tania, Antoniadou, A., Protopapas, K., Kavatha, D., Grigoropoulou, S., Oikonomopoulo, C., Moschopoulos, C., Koulouris, N.G., Tzimopoulos, K., Koromilias, A., Argyraki, K., Lourida, P., Bakakos, P., Kalomenidis, I., Vlachakos, V., Barmparessou, Z., Balis, E., Zakynthinos, S., Sigala, I., Gianniou, N., Dima, E., Magkouta, S., Synolaki, E., Konstanta, S., Vlachou, M., Stathopoulou, P., Panagopoulos, P., Petrakis, V., Papazoglou, D., Tompaidou, E., Isaakidou, E., Poulakou, G., Rapti, V., Leontis, K., Nitsotolis, T., Athanasiou, K., Syrigos, K., Kyriakoulis, K., Trontzas, I., Arfara-Melanini, M., Kolonis, V., Kityo, Cissy, Mugerwa, Henry, Kiweewa, Francis, Kimuli, Ivan, Lukaakome, Joseph, Nsereko, Christoher, Lubega, Gloria, Kibirige, Moses, Nakahima, William, Wangi, Deus, Aguti, Evelyne, Generous, Lilian, Massa, Rosemary, Nalaki, Margaret, Magala, Felix, Nabaggala, Phiona Kaweesi, Kidega, Robert, Faith, Oryem Daizy, Florence, Apio, Emmanuel, Ocung, Beacham, Mugoonyi Paul, Geoffrey, Amone, Nakiboneka, Dridah, Apiyo, Paska, Kirenga, Bruce, Atukunda, Angella, Muttamba, Winters, Remmy, Kyeyume, Segawa, Ivan, Pheona, Nsubuga, Kigere, David, Mbabazi, Queen Lailah, Boersalino, Ledra, Nyakoolo, Grace, Fred, Aniongo, Alupo, Alice, Ebong, Doryn, Monday, Edson, Nalubwama, Ritah Norah, Kainja, Milton, Ambrose, Munu, Kwehayo, Vanon, Nalubega, Mary Grace, Ongoli, Augustine, Obbo, Stephen, Sebudde, Nicholus, Alaba, Jeniffer, Magombe, Geoffrey, Tino, Harriet, Obonya, Emmanuel, Lutaakome, Joseph, Kitonsa, Jonathan, Onyango, Martin, Naboth, Tukamwesiga, Naluyinda, Hadijah, Nanyunja, Regina, Irene, Muttiibwa, Jane, Biira, Wimfred, Kyobejja, Leonard, Ssemazzi, Deus, Tkiinomuhisha, Babra, Namasaba, Taire, Paul, Nabankema, Evelyn, Ogavu, Joseph, Mugerwa, Oscar, Okoth, Ivan, Mwebaze, Raymond, Mugabi, Timothy, Makhoba, Anthony, Arikiriza, Phiona, Theresa, Nabuuma, Nakayima, Hope, Frank, Kisuule, Ramgi, Patrícia, Pereira, Kássia, Osinusi, Anu, Cao, Huyen, Klekotka, Paul, Price, Karen, Nirula, Ajay, Osei, Suzette, Tipple, Craig, Wills, Angela, Peppercorn, Amanda, Watson, Helen, Gupta, Rajesh, Alexander, Elizabeth, Mogalian, Erik, Lin, Leo, Ding, Xiao, Margolis, David, Yan, Li, Girardet, Jean-Luc, Ma, Ji, Hong, Zhi, Zhu, Quing, Seegobin, Seth, Gibbs, Michael, Latchman, Mickel, Hasior, Katarzyna, Bouquet, Jerome, Wei, Jianxin, Streicher, Katie, Schmelzer, Albert, Brooks, Dennis, Butcher, Jonny, Tonev, Dimitar, Arbetter, Douglas, Damstetter, Philippe, Legenne, Philippe, Stumpp, Michael, Goncalves, Susana, Ramanathan, Krishnan, Chandra, Richa, Baseler, Beth, Teitelbaum, Marc, Schechner, Adam, Holley, H. Preston, Jankelevich, Shirley, Becker, Nancy, Dolney, Suzanne, Hissey, Debbie, Simpson, Shelly, Kim, Mi Ha, Beeler, Joy, Harmon, Liam, Asomah, Mabel, Jato, Yvonne, Stottlemyer, April, Tang, Olivia, Vanderpuye, Sharon, Yeon, Lindsey, Buehn, Molly, Eccard-Koons, Vanessa, Frary, Sadie, MacDonald, Leah, Cash, Jennifer, Hoopengardner, Lisa, Linton, Jessica, Schaffhauser, Marylu, Nelson, Michaela, Spinelli-Nadzam, Mary, Proffitt, Calvin, Lee, Christopher, Engel, Theresa, Fontaine, Laura, Osborne, C.K., Hohn, Matt, Galcik, Michael, Thompson, DeeDee, Kopka, Stacey, Shelley, Denise M., Mendez, Gregg, Brown, Shawn, Albert, Sara, Balde, Abby, Baracz, Michelle, Bielica, Mona, Billouin-Frazier, Shere, Choudary, Jay, Dixon, Mary, Eyler, Carolyn, Frye, Leanne, Gertz, Jensen, Giebeig, Lisa, Gulati, Neelam, Hankinson, Liz, Hogarty, Debi, Huber, Lynda, Krauss, Gary, Lake, Eileen, Manandhar, Meryan, Rudzinski, Erin, Sandrus, Jen, Suders, Connie, Natarajan, Ven, Rupert, Adam W., Baseler, Michael, Lynam, Danielle, Imamichi, Tom, Laverdure, Sylvain, McCormack, Ashley, Paudel, Sharada, Cook, Kyndal, Haupt, Kendra, Khan, Ayub, Hazen, Allison, Badralmaa, Yunden, Smith, Kenneth, Patel, Bhakti, Kubernac, Amanda, Kubernac, Robert, Hoover, Marie L., Solomon, Courtney, Rashid, Marium, Murphy, Joseph, Brown, Craig, DuChateau, Nadine, Ellis, Sadie, Flosi, Adam, Fox, Lisa, Johnson, Les, Nelson, Rich, Stojanovic, Jelena, Treagus, Amy, Wenner, Christine, Williams, Richard, Jensen, Tomas O, Murray, Thomas A, Grandits, Greg A, Jain, Mamta K, Shaw-Saliba, Kathryn, Matthay, Michael A, Baker, Jason V, Dewar, Robin L, Goodman, Anna L, Hatlen, Timothy J, Highbarger, Helene C, Lallemand, Perrine, Leshnower, Bradley G, Looney, David, Moschopoulos, Charalampos D, Murray, Daniel D, Mylonakis, Eleftherios, Rehman, M Tauseef, Rupert, Adam, Stevens, Randy, Turville, Stuart, Wick, Katherine, Lundgren, Jens, and Ko, Emily R
Published: 2024
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14. A Deep Transfer Learning Approach to Support Opportunistic Wearable Activity Recognition.

Author: Oresti Banos, David Gil, Javier Medina 0001, Adrian Sanchez, and Claudia Villalonga
Published: 2023
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15. Towards Abnormal Behaviour Detection on Elderly People at Home Through Smart Plugs and Its Relationship with Activities of Daily Living

Author: Ortega, Adrián Sánchez-Miguel, Diezma, Jesús Fontecha, Díaz, Iván González, Gómez, Luis Cabañero, Nugent, Christopher, Bravo, José, editor, and Urzáiz, Gabriel, editor
Published: 2023
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16. Model Simplification: Addressing Digital Twin Challenges and Requirements in Manufacturing

Author: de Ocaña, Adrian Sánchez, Bruch, Jessica, Aslanidou, Ioanna, Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Soares Barbosa, Luís, Editorial Board Member, Goedicke, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Tatnall, Arthur, Editorial Board Member, Neuhold, Erich J., Editorial Board Member, Stiller, Burkhard, Editorial Board Member, Stettner, Lukasz, Editorial Board Member, Pries-Heje, Jan, Editorial Board Member, Kreps, David, Editorial Board Member, Rettberg, Achim, Editorial Board Member, Furnell, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Mercier-Laurent, Eunika, Editorial Board Member, Winckler, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Malaka, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, Alfnes, Erlend, editor, Romsdal, Anita, editor, Strandhagen, Jan Ola, editor, von Cieminski, Gregor, editor, and Romero, David, editor
Published: 2023
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17. Real-time human action recognition using raw depth video-based recurrent neural networks.

Author: Adrian Sanchez-Caballero, David Fuentes-Jiménez, and Cristina Losada-Gutiérrez
Published: 2023
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18. 3DFCNN: real-time action recognition using 3D deep neural networks with raw depth information.

Author: Adrian Sanchez-Caballero, Sergio de López Diz, David Fuentes-Jiménez, Cristina Losada-Gutiérrez, Marta Marrón Romera, David Casillas-Pérez, and Mohammad Ibrahim Sarker
Published: 2022
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19. Cost-utility of talazoparib monotherapy treatment for locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer in Spain

Author: Olry de Labry Lima, Antonio, Špacírová, Zuzana, Fénix-Caballero, Silvia, Hoces, Antonio Matas, Vegas, Adrián Sánchez, Aranzana, Manuel Cárdenas, Sierra-Sánchez, Jesús F., Díaz, María del Carmen Martínez, and Alegre del Rey, Emilio Jesús
Published: 2021
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20. Imported cysticercosis in Spain: A retrospective case series from the +REDIVI Collaborative Network

Author: Aguilera, Paloma, Serrano, María Martínez, Rodriguez, Magdalena García, Menendez, Marta Díaz, Meije, Yolanda, Martínez-Montauti, Joaquim, Sanz, Xavier, Tenza, Isabel Pacheco, Cuello, Inmaculada Gonzalez, López, Belén Martínez, Llenas-García, Jara, Masiá, Mar, Padilla, Sergio, Romero, Mónica, Ramos Rincón, José Manuel, Suarez, Ines, Perez-Ayala, Ana, Herrero, Juan María, Lizasoain, Manuel, Rojo, Pablo, Matarranz, Mariano, Zarco, Carlos, Suárez, Jonathan Fernández, Boga Ribeiro, Jose Antonio, Aguirre, Josune Goikoetxea, Zubero Sulibarría, Miren Zuriñe, Sanmartín López, Juan Victor, Arribas, María Velasco, Vera, María Peñaranda, Molina, Israel, Montalvá, Adrián Sánchez, Salvador, Fernando, Monge-Maillo, Begoña, Norman, Francesca, Tojeiro, Sandra Chamorro, Treviño-Maruri, Begoña, Delcor, Nuria Serre, Soriano-Arandes, Antonio, Ciruelo, Diana Pou, Bocanegra, Cristina, Herrador, Zaida, Pérez-Molina, José A., Henríquez Camacho, César Augusto, Rodriguez-Guardado, Azucena, Bosch-Nicolau, Pau, Calabuig, Eva, Domínguez-Castellano, Angel, Pérez-Jacoiste, María Asunción, Ladrón de Guevara, M. Concepción, Mena, Ana, Ruiz-Giardin, Jose Manuel, Torrús, Diego, Wikman-Jorgensen, Philip, Benito, Agustín, and López-Vélez, Rogelio
Published: 2020
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21. Latent and active tuberculosis infections in migrants and travellers: A retrospective analysis from the Spanish +REDIVI collaborative network

Author: Aguilera, Paloma, Serrano, María Martínez, Rodriguez, Magdalena García, Menendez, Marta Díaz, Meije, Yolanda, Martínez-Montauti, Joaquim, Sanz, Xavier, Tenza, Isabel Pacheco, Cuello, Inmaculada Gonzalez, López, Belén Martínez, Masiá, Mar, Padilla, Sergio, Ramos Rincón, José Manuel, Malmierca, Eduardo, Suárez-García, Inés, Perez-Ayala, Ana, Herrero, Juan María, Lizasoain, Manuel, Rojo, Pablo, Zarco, Carlos, Rodriguez-Guardado, Azucena, Suárez, Jonathan Fernández, Boga Ribeiro, Jose Antonio, Agirre, Josune Goikoetxea, Zubero Sulibarría, Miren Zuriñe, Sanmartín López, Juan Victor, Arribas, María Velasco, Muñoz, Eva Calabuig, Ribas, Ana Mena, Vera, María Peñaranda, Montalvá, Adrián Sánchez, Salvador, Fernando, Moreno, Liliana, Henríquez-Camacho, César, Delcor, Nuria Serre, Soriano-Arandes, Antonio, Souto, Inés Oliveira, Ciruelo, Diana Pou, Bocanegra, Cristina, Wikman-Jorgensen, Philip, López-Velez, Rogelio, Llenas-García, Jara, Treviño, Begoña, Pascual, Reyes, Molina, Israel, Domínguez, Ángel, Torrús, Diego, Ruiz Giardín, José Manuel, Monge-Maillo, Begoña, Norman, Francesca F., Romero, Mónica, and Perez-Molina, José A.
Published: 2020
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22. Clinicoepidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in migrants and travellers of the +Redivi network

Author: Aguilera, Paloma, Serrano, María Martínez, Rodriguez, Magdalena García, Menendez, Marta Díaz, Meije, Yolanda, Martínez-Montauti, Joaquim, Sanz, Xavier, Tenza, Isabel Pacheco, Cuello, Inmaculada Gonzalez, López, Belén Martínez, LLenas, Jara, Masiá, Mar, Padilla, Sergio, Romero, Mónica, Wilkman-Jorgensen, Philip, Torrús, Diego, Ramos Rincón, José Manuel, Malmierca, Eduardo, Perez-Ayala, Ana, Herrero, Juan María, Lizasoain, Manuel, Rojo, Pablo, Matarranz, Mariano, Zarco, Carlos, Rodriguez-Guardado, Azucena, Suárez, Jonathan Fernández, Boga Ribeiro, Jose Antonio, Aguirre, Josune Goikoetxea, Zubero Sulibarría, Miren Zuriñe, Ruiz Giardin, José Manuel, Sanmartín López, Juan Victor, Arribas, María Velasco, Muñoz, Eva Calabuig, Ribas, Ana Mena, Vera, María Peñaranda, Molina, Israel, Montalvá, Adrián Sánchez, Salvador, Fernando, Dominguez, Ángel, Norman, Francesca, Treviño-Maruri, Begoña, Delcor, Nuria Serre, Soriano-Arandes, Antonio, Ciruelo, Diana Pou, Bocanegra, Cristina, Henriquez-Camacho, Cesar, Serre, Núria, Sánchez-Montalvá, Adrián, Goikoetxea, Ane Josune, Herrero-Martínez, Juan María, Ruiz-Giardín, José Manuel, Treviño, Begoña, Monge-Maillo, Begoña, Rodríguez, Azucena, García, Magdalena, López-Vélez, Rogelio, and Pérez-Molina, José A.
Published: 2019
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23. Cover: Rostro recuperado de la Jamba Norte del Templo de la Cruz Foliada de Palenque

Author: García, Martha Cuevas, Figueroa, Gabriela Mazón, Polyukhovych, Yuriy, and Gamboa, Ángel Adrián Sánchez
Published: 2018
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24. Exploiting the ConvLSTM: Human Action Recognition using Raw Depth Video-Based Recurrent Neural Networks.

Author: Adrian Sanchez-Caballero, David Fuentes-Jiménez, and Cristina Losada-Gutiérrez
Published: 2020

25. 3DFCNN: Real-Time Action Recognition using 3D Deep Neural Networks with Raw Depth Information.

Author: Adrian Sanchez-Caballero, Sergio de López Diz, David Fuentes-Jiménez, Cristina Losada-Gutiérrez, Marta Marrón Romera, David Casillas-Perez, and Mohammad Ibrahim Sarker
Published: 2020

26. Comparison of Radiation Dose and Image Quality of Pediatric High-Resolution Chest CT Between Photon-Counting Detector CT and Energy-Integrated Detector CT: A Matched Study

Author: Marilyn J. Siegel, Scott M. Bugenhagen, Adrian Sanchez, Stacy Kim, Andres Abadia, and Juan C. Ramirez-Giraldo
Subjects: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, General Medicine
Published: 2023
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27. AAPM task group report 305: Guidance for standardization of vendor‐neutral reject analysis in radiography

Author: Kevin Little, Ingrid Reiser, Bruce Apgar, Poonam Dalal, Jaydev Dave, Ryan Fisher, Katie Hulme, Mary Ellen Jafari, Emily Marshall, Stephen Meyer, Quentin Moore, Nicole Murphy, Thomas Nishino, Katelyn Nye, Kevin O'Donnell, John Sabol, Adrian Sanchez, William Sensakovic, Lawrence Tarbox, Robert Uzenoff, Alisa Walz‐Flannigan, Charles Willis, and Jie Zhang
Subjects: Radiation, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Instrumentation
Published: 2023
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28. A Portable Device for miRNAs Detection Based on a Gold-Nanoparticle Ratiometric Colorimetric Strategy

Author: Adrian Sanchez Visedo, Jorge Losada Matias, Ana Soldado Cabezuelo, Jose Manuel Costa Fernandez, Maria Teresa Fernandez Arguelles, Marta Valledor Llopis, Juan Carlos Campo Rodriguez, and Francisco Javier Ferrero Martin
Subjects: Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation
Abstract: Principado de Asturias, Spain [FC-GRUPIN-IDI/2021/000081]; Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain [PID2019-109698GB-I00, PID2020-117282RB-I00]; Fundacion Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología [MCIU-20-FCT-PRECIPITA]; Banco Santander; University of Oviedo [PAPI-19-PF22]
Published: 2022
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29. Deep eutectic solvents for the preservation of concentrated proteins: the case of lysozyme in 1 : 2 choline chloride : glycerol

Author: Adrian Sanchez-Fernandez, Sylvain Prevost, and Marie Wahlgren
Subjects: Environmental Chemistry, Pollution
Abstract: A deep eutectic solvent is presented as a sustainable, synthetically accessible, and non-toxic environment for the stabilisation of lysozyme over a wide concentration range, keeping the enzyme stable and functional even after long-term storage.
Published: 2022
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30. Giving travel advice in the uncertain age of COVID-19

Author: Adrian Sanchez, James Birdseye, Kerry Cumiskey, Oluwakemi Olufon, Kirishanthy Balachandiran, Robert Staines, Jacqueline Spinks, Kate Wedgwood, Gail Beckett, and Ceri Barker-Burnside
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, History, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Public health, Health advice, medicine, Public relations, business, Advice (complexity), General Nursing
Abstract: As restrictions ease and more people holiday overseas, the importance of providing accurate travel health advice increases. Jacqueline Spinks and colleagues provide an overview of current guidance The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic drop in people travelling to other countries for pleasure; however, now that restrictions across the UK are easing, more people are seeking a break and a long-awaited holiday overseas. Practice nurses are uniquely placed to provide travel advice not just in relation to COVID-19 requirements and restrictions, but also to remind travellers of the importance of being prepared for all other communicable diseases and travel-related hazards. This article aims to provide a summary of the latest and up to date information in England (links to guidance covering the Devolved Administrations of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are found in Box 1 ) and covers a summary of COVID-19, current guidance on travel during the pandemic, information about pre-planning for overseas travel, return from travel and information about being identified as a contact during travel, general travel advice; and ends with links to the most relevant guidance and information available.
Published: 2021
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31. Patient-Derived Sarcoma Organoids Offer a Novel Platform for Personalized Precision Medicine

Author: Adrian Sanchez-Fdez, Ashwyn K. Sharma, Herve Tiriac, and Jason K. Sicklick
Subjects: Oncology, Surgery
Published: 2022
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32. Long-Range Electrostatic Colloidal Interactions and Specific Ion Effects in Deep Eutectic Solvents

Author: James Doutch, Adrian Sanchez-Fernandez, Sylvain Prévost, Andrew Jackson, and Karen J. Edler
Subjects: Hofmeister series, Chemistry, General Chemistry, Neutron scattering, Electrostatics, Biochemistry, Micelle, Catalysis, Article, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Ionic strength, Chemical physics, Counterion condensation, Choline chloride
Abstract: While the traditional consensus dictates that high ion concentrations lead to negligible long-range electrostatic interactions, we demonstrate that electrostatic correlations prevail in deep eutectic solvents where intrinsic ion concentrations often surpass 2.5 M. Here we present an investigation of intermicellar interactions in 1:2 choline chloride:glycerol and 1:2 choline bromide:glycerol using small-angle neutron scattering. Our results show that long-range electrostatic repulsions between charged colloidal particles occur in these solvents. Interestingly, micelle morphology and electrostatic interactions are modulated by specific counterion condensation at the micelle interface despite the exceedingly high concentration of the native halide from the solvent. This modulation follows the trends described by the Hofmeister series for specific ion effects. The results are rationalized in terms of predominant ion-ion correlations, which explain the reduction in the effective ionic strength of the continuum and the observed specific ion effects.
Published: 2021

33. MicroRNA-mediated regulation of key signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma: A mechanistic insight

Author: Luis M. Ruiz-Manriquez, Oscar Carrasco-Morales, E. Adrian Sanchez Z, Sofía Madeline Osorio-Perez, Carolina Estrada-Meza, Surajit Pathak, Antara Banerjee, Anindya Bandyopadhyay, Asim K. Duttaroy, and Sujay Paul
Subjects: Genetics, Molecular Medicine, Genetics (clinical)
Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. The molecular pathogenesis of HCC varies due to the different etiologies and genotoxic insults. The development of HCC is characterized by complex interactions between several etiological factors that result in genetic and epigenetic changes in proto-onco and/or tumor suppressor genes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that also can act as oncomiRs or tumor suppressors regulating the expression of cancer-associated genes post-transcriptionally. Studies revealed that several microRNAs are directly or indirectly involved in cellular signaling, and dysregulation of those miRNAs in the body fluids or tissues potentially affects key signaling pathways resulting in carcinogenesis. Therefore, in this mini-review, we discussed recent progress in microRNA-mediated regulation of crucial signaling networks during HCC development, concentrating on the most relevant ones such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Hippo-YAP/TAZ, and Wnt/β-catenin, which might open new avenues in HCC management.
Published: 2022
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34. Continual Learning for Document Image Binarization

Author: Carlos Garrido-Munoz, Adrian Sanchez-Hernandez, Francisco J. Castellanos, and Jorge Calvo-Zaragoza
Published: 2022
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35. Identification of Chagas disease biomarkers using untargeted metabolomics

Author: Alfonso Herreros-Cabello, Pau Bosch-Nicolau, José A. Pérez-Molina, Fernando Salvador, Begoña Monge-Maillo, Jose F. Rodriguez-Palomares, Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro, Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá, Ester Cerdeira Sabino, Francesca F. Norman, Manuel Fresno, Núria Gironès, and Israel Molina
Subjects: Chagas disease, Untargeted metabolomics, Biomarkers, Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy, Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Untargeted metabolomic analysis is a powerful tool used for the discovery of novel biomarkers. Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a neglected tropical disease that affects 6–7 million people with approximately 30% developing cardiac manifestations. The most significant clinical challenge lies in its long latency period after acute infection, and the lack of surrogate markers to predict disease progression or cure. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed sera from 120 individuals divided into four groups: 31 indeterminate CD, 41 chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC), 18 Latin Americans with other cardiomyopathies and 30 healthy volunteers. Using a high-throughput panel of 986 metabolites, we identified three distinct profiles among individuals with cardiomyopathy, indeterminate CD and healthy volunteers. After a more stringent analysis, we identified some potential biomarkers. Among peptides, phenylacetylglutamine and fibrinopeptide B (1–13) exhibited an increasing trend from controls to ICD and CCC. Conversely, reduced levels of bilirubin and biliverdin alongside elevated urobilin correlated with disease progression. Finally, elevated levels of cystathionine, phenol glucuronide and vanillactate among amino acids distinguished CCC individuals from ICD and controls. Our novel exploratory study using metabolomics identified potential biomarker candidates, either alone or in combination that if confirmed, can be translated into clinical practice.
Published: 2024
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36. Molecular structure of maltoside surfactants controls micelle formation and rheological behavior

Author: Ralf Schweins, Baohu Wu, Marie Wahlgren, Adrian Sanchez-Fernandez, Anna E. Leung, Johan Larsson, Stefan Ulvenlund, and Tommy Nylander
Subjects: Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, Neutron scattering, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Micelle, Small-angle neutron scattering, Viscoelasticity, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Biomaterials, Viscosity, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Rheology, Chemical engineering, Pulmonary surfactant, ddc:540, Newtonian fluid, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Hypothesis The anomeric configuration (α or β) of n-hexadecyl-d-maltopyranoside (C16G2) has been shown to affect the morphology of the micelle, from elongated for α-C16G2 to worm-like micelles for β-C16G2. The entanglement of worm-like micelles often leads to strong modifications of the rheological behavior of the system and, as such, the anomeric configuration of C16G2 could also provide the possibility of controlling this. Furthermore, mixing these surfactants are hypothesized to result in mixed micelles allowing to finely tune the rheology of a system containing these sustainable surfactants. Experiments The rheology of α- and β-C16G2, and mixtures of those, was determined by rotational and oscillatory rheology at different temperatures and surfactant concentrations. Micelle structure and composition for these systems were characterized using contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering. The results from these were connected in order to elaborate a molecular understanding of the rheological response of the system. Findings The self-assembly of these surfactants have been found to result in different rheological properties. β-C16G2 show a high viscosity with a non-Newtonian viscoelastic behavior, which was linked to the formation of worm-like micelles. In contrast, α-C16G2 self-assembled into short cylindrical micelles, resulting in a Newtonian fluid with low viscosity. Furthermore, mixtures of these two surfactants lead to systems with intermediate rheological properties as a result of the formation of micelles with intermediate morphology to those of the pure anomers. These results also show that the rheological properties of the system can be tuned to change the micelle morphology, which in turn depends on the anomeric configuration of the surfactant. Also, surfactant concentration, temperature of the system, and micelle composition for surfactant mixtures provide control over the rheological properties of the system in a wide temperature range. Therefore, these results open new possibilities in the development of sustainable excipients for formulation technology, where the characteristics of the system can be easily tailored through geometric variations in the monomer structure whilst maintaining the chemical composition of the system.
Published: 2021
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37. Complex by design: Hydrotrope-induced micellar growth in deep eutectic solvents

Author: Andrew Jackson, Elizabeth G. Kelley, Anna E. Leung, and Adrian Sanchez-Fernandez
Subjects: Aqueous solution, Chemistry, Hydrotrope, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Small-angle neutron scattering, Micelle, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Deep eutectic solvent, Biomaterials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Chemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Solvophobic, Eutectic system, Choline chloride
Abstract: Hypothesis The self-assembly of ionic surfactants in deep eutectic solvents has recently been demonstrated, opening up new possibilities in terms of the development of formulated products and templating of nanostructured materials. As it occurs in an aqueous environment, the solvophobic effect drives the formation of micelles in these solvents and specific-ion interactions alter the resulting structures. We hypothesized that the presence of hydrotropic salts would greatly affect the micellar structure in deep eutectic solvents, ultimately leading to the formation of worm-like aggregates. Experiments A systematic investigation performed on hydrotrope-surfactant assemblies in neat and hydrated 1:2 choline chloride:glycerol is presented. The effect of choline salicylate on the micellization of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride at different hydrotrope-to-surfactant ratios was probed by contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering. Findings Here the first investigation on salt-induced micellar growth in deep eutectic solvents is presented. The microscopic characterization of the system shows that the micelle-hydrotrope interaction in pure and hydrated deep eutectic solvents results in a significant increase in micelle elongation. The condensation of the hydrotrope on the micelle, which alters the effective monomer packing, leads to the formation of worm-like micelles with tunable morphology and flexibility. The results presented here present new possibilities in terms of self-assembly and co-assembly in neoteric solvents, where micelle morphology can be controlled through surfactant-salt interactions.
Published: 2021
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38. Augmented Reality Approach for a User Interface in a Robotic Production System

Author: Schmidt, Bernard, Torroba, Adrian Sanchez De Ocana, Grahn, Goran, Karlsson, Ingemar, Ng, Amos H. C., Schmidt, Bernard, Torroba, Adrian Sanchez De Ocana, Grahn, Goran, Karlsson, Ingemar, and Ng, Amos H. C.
Abstract: In a Cyber-physical system, the information flow from the cyber part to the physical part plays a crucial role. This paper presents the work of development and initial testing of an augmented reality approach to provide a user interface for operators that could be a part of a robotic production system. The solution is distributed and includes a communication hub that allows the exchange of data and information between multiple clients e.g. robot controllers, an optimization platform, and visualization devices. The main contributions of the presented work are visualization of optimization results and visualization of information obtained from the robot controller and the integrated communication framework. The paper also presents challenges faced during the development work and opportunities related to the presented approach. The implemented interface uses HoloLens 2 mixed reality device to visualize in real-time information obtained from a robot controller as well as from simulation. Information regarding the placement of work objects and targets or currently executed lines of code can be useful for robotic cell programmers and commissioning teams to validate robot programs and to select more optimal solutions toward sustainable manufacturing. The operator can simulate the execution of the robot program and visualize it by overlying the robot cell with the 3D model of the simulated robot. Moreover, visualization of future robot motion could support human-robot collaboration. Furthermore, the interface allows providing the user with details from multi-objective optimization performed on a digital twin of the robotic cell with the aim to reduce cycle time and energy consumption. It allows visualizing selected scenarios to support decision-making by allowing comparison of proposed solutions and the initial one. The visualization includes cell layout, robot path, cycle time, robot energy consumption. The presented approach is demonstrated in industry-inspired cases and
Published: 2022
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39. Shear-induced nanostructural changes in micelles formed by sugar-based surfactants with varied anomeric configuration

Author: Lionel Porcar, Marie Wahlgren, Rico F. Tabor, Ashley P. Williams, Johan P. Larsson, Adrian Sanchez-Fernandez, Stefan Ulvenlund, and Tommy Nylander
Subjects: Nanostructure, Materials science, Sustainable surfactants, Micelle, Physical Chemistry, Shear-thinning, Biomaterials, Surface-Active Agents, Worm-like micelles, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Pulmonary surfactant, Rheology, Phase (matter), Scattering, Small Angle, Micelles, chemistry.chemical_classification, Fysikalisk kemi, Shear thinning, Polymer, Small-angle neutron scattering, Sugar-based surfactants, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Nanostructures, chemistry, Chemical physics, Sugars
Abstract: Hypothesis: The self-assembly of long tail sugar-based surfactants into worm-like micelles has recently been demonstrated, and the rheological properties of such systems have been shown to be tuneable through subtle modifications of the molecular characteristics of the surfactant monomer. In particular, the anomeric configuration of the hexadecylmaltoside headgroup was shown to induce profound changes in the nanostructure and rheology of the system. The origin of such changes is hypothesised to arise from differences in the structure and relaxation of the micellar networks in the semi-dilute regime. Experiments: Here we explore the molecular background to the flow properties of the two anomers of hexadecylmaltoside (alpha- and beta-C(16)G(2)) by directly connecting their rheological behaviour to the micelle morphology. For this purpose, 1-3 plane rheo-small-angle neutron scattering measurements, using a Couette cell geometry, probed the structural changes in the micellar phase under shear. The effect of surfactant anomeric configuration, surfactant concentration, temperature and mixing ratio of the two anomers were investigated. The static micelle structure in the semi-dilute regime was determined using the polymer reference interaction site model. Findings: The segmental alignment of the micellar phase was studied under several flow conditions, showing that the shear-thinning behaviour relates to the re-arrangement of beta-C(16)G(2) worm-like micelles, whilst shorter alpha-C(16)G(2) micelles are considerably less affected by the flow. The results are rationalised in terms of micelle alignment and disruption of the entangled network, providing a detailed mechanism by which sugar-based surfactants control the rheology of the fluid. To further enable future studies, we provide the complete code for modelling micelle structure in the semi-dilute regime using the polymer reference interaction site model. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Published: 2022

40. Topological dynamics of micelles formed by geometrically varied surfactants

Author: Adrian Sanchez-Fernandez, Johan Larsson, Anna E. Leung, Peter Holmqvist, Orsolya Czakkel, Tommy Nylander, Stefan Ulvenlund, Marie Wahlgren, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares, and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Enxeñaría Química
Subjects: Diffusion, Fluid dynamics, Surfactants, Electrochemistry, General Materials Science, Surfaces and Interfaces, Molecular dynamics, Condensed Matter Physics, Spectroscopy, Micelles
Abstract: The molecular architecture of sugar-based surfactants strongly affects their self-assembled structure, i.e., the type of micelles they form, which in turn controls both the dynamics and rheological properties of the system. Here, we report the segmental and mesoscopic structure and dynamics of a series of C16 maltosides with differences in the anomeric configuration and degree of tail unsaturation. Neutron spin-echo measurements showed that the segmental dynamics can be modeled as a one-dimensional array of segments where the dynamics increase with inefficient monomer packing. The network dynamics as characterized by dynamic light scattering show different relaxation modes that can be associated with the micelle structure. Hindered dynamics are observed for arrested networks of worm-like micelles, connected to their shear-thinning rheology, while nonentangled diffusing rods relate to Newtonian rheological behavior. While the design of novel surfactants with controlled properties poses a challenge for synthetic chemistry, we demonstrate how simple variations in the monomer structure can significantly influence the behavior of surfactants The authors thank the Swedish Research Council Formas (Grant 2015-666) for funding J.L. The research was performed with financial support from the Vinnova─Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems within the NextBioForm Competence Centre. The authors also thank the Institut Laue-Langevin, France, for the awarded beamtime (Proposal No. 9-10-1652). NSE data is openly available at doi: 10.5291/ILL-DATA.9-10-1652 SI
Published: 2022

41. LE3D: A Lightweight Ensemble Framework of Data Drift Detectors for Resource-Constrained Devices

Author: Ioannis Mavromatis, Adrian Sanchez-Mompo, Francesco Raimondo, James Pope, Marcello Bullo, Ingram Weeks, Vijay Kumar, Pietro Carnelli, George Oikonomou, Theodoros Spyridopoulos, and Aftab Khan
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC), Cryptography and Security (cs.CR), Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Abstract: Data integrity becomes paramount as the number of Internet of Things (IoT) sensor deployments increases. Sensor data can be altered by benign causes or malicious actions. Mechanisms that detect drifts and irregularities can prevent disruptions and data bias in the state of an IoT application. This paper presents LE3D, an ensemble framework of data drift estimators capable of detecting abnormal sensor behaviours. Working collaboratively with surrounding IoT devices, the type of drift (natural/abnormal) can also be identified and reported to the end-user. The proposed framework is a lightweight and unsupervised implementation able to run on resource-constrained IoT devices. Our framework is also generalisable, adapting to new sensor streams and environments with minimal online reconfiguration. We compare our method against state-of-the-art ensemble data drift detection frameworks, evaluating both the real-world detection accuracy as well as the resource utilisation of the implementation. Experimenting with real-world data and emulated drifts, we show the effectiveness of our method, which achieves up to 97% of detection accuracy while requiring minimal resources to run., Comment: IEEE CCNC 2023, Las Vegas, USA
Published: 2022
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42. Container Escape Detection for Edge Devices

Author: Thomas Pasquier, Francesco Raimondo, Theodoros Spyridopoulos, Adrian Sanchez-Mompo, Bo Luo, James Pope, Pietro E. Carnelli, Ioannis Mavromatis, Robert J. Piechocki, Ryan McConville, Dan Howarth, Vijay Kumar, George Oikonomou, and Aftab Khan
Subjects: Cybersecurity, Edge device, Computer science, business.industry, Container Escape, Cyber Security, Denial-of-service attack, Adversary, Container (abstract data type), Datasets, Anomaly Detection, Anomaly detection, business, Host (network), Privilege escalation, Edge computing, Computer network
Abstract: Edge computing is rapidly changing the IoT-Cloud landscape. Various testbeds are now able to run multiple Docker-like containers developed and deployed by end-users on edge devices. However, this capability may allow an attacker to deploy a malicious container on the host and compromise it. This paper presents a dataset based on the Linux Auditing System, which contains malicious and benign container activity. We developed two malicious scenarios, a denial of service and a privilege escalation attack, where an adversary uses a container to compromise the edge device. Furthermore, we deployed benign user containers to run in parallel with the malicious containers. Container activity can be captured through the host system via system calls. Our time series auditd dataset contains partial labels for the benign and malicious related system calls. Generating the dataset is largely automated using a provided AutoCES framework. We also present a semi-supervised machine learning use case with the collected data to demonstrate its utility. The dataset and framework code are open-source and publicly available.
Published: 2021
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43. A Portable Device for miRNAs Detection Based on a Gold-Nanoparticle Ratiometric Colorimetric Strategy

Author: Visedo, Adrian Sanchez, primary, Matias, Jorge Losada, additional, Cabezuelo, Ana Soldado, additional, Fernandez, Jose Manuel Costa, additional, Arguelles, Maria Teresa Fernandez, additional, Llopis, Marta Valledor, additional, Rodriguez, Juan Carlos Campo, additional, and Martin, Francisco Javier Ferrero, additional
Published: 2022
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44. Comparison of three cohorts of COVID-19 patients with different severity: exposure to antihypertensive, antidiabetic and lipid-lowering agents

Author: Judit Riera-Arnau, Antònia Agustí, Marta Miarons, Adrian Sanchez-Montalva, Yolima Cossio, Eduard Diogène, Xavier Vidal, and Immaculada Danés
Abstract: Aim: The association between COVID-19 disease severity and certain medicines for the treatment of chronic diseases is currently under discussion. We herein evaluated if previous exposure to antihypertensive, hypoglycaemic, and lipid-lowering drugs increases the risk of poorer COVID-19 outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective study on three cohorts of COVID-19 adult patients between March 2020 and May 2020 at the Vall d’Hebron University Hospital. Information relating to the patient lifestyle, comorbidities, and chronic exposures was retrieved from primary healthcare electronic records. Three cohorts were examined, namely patients who had died or required intensive care treatment (ICU/Death [ICU-D] Cohort), patients who required hospitalisation (Hospitalisation [HOSP] Cohort), and patients who only attended the emergency department (Emergencies [EM] Cohort). Descriptive statistics and a multivariate logistic regression model were used to investigate associations with drug exposure, where EM was employed as the reference cohort. Results: We included 1,778 patients: 417 (23.5%) from the ICU-D Cohort, 1,052 (59.2%) from the HOSP Cohort, and 309 (17.4%) from the EM Cohort. After multiple imputations and data adjustment by potential confounders, no statistically significant association was observed between the COVID-19 severity and the use of antihypertensives, hypoglycaemic agents, or lipid-lowering agents, with the exception of calcium channel blockers (CCB) (ICU-D Cohort: OR 2.23; CI 95% [1.03–4.83]; P = 0.042). Conclusions: Most results on lifestyle characteristics and comorbidities related to COVID-19 severity were in agreement with current knowledge, although some associated factors are nowadays a matter of controversy and further investigation is required.
Published: 2021
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45. Market Equity for Car-sharing Applications using Homomorphic Encryption and Opportunistic Networking

Author: Carlos Borrego, Miguel Carpio, Sergi Robles, and Adrian Sanchez
Subjects: Computer science, business.industry, Equity (finance), Homomorphic encryption, Investment (macroeconomics), Encryption, Computer security, computer.software_genre, Fair value, Communications protocol, business, Central element, Protocol (object-oriented programming), computer
Abstract: This paper proposes a protocol to ensure market equity in car-sharing applications where fares result fair and just, and actors cannot influence prices to their benefit. To achieve our proposal, we use homomorphic encryption to hide prices and opportunistic networking to avoid any central element that could alter the market. Both technologies are combined in a twoway communication protocol achieving fair price setting for both drivers and passengers. Results show that the proposal is feasible and mitigate price alteration attempts.
Published: 2021
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46. Internet of Things Smart Farming Architecture for Agricultural Automation

Author: Heloise Barbier, Won-Jae Yi, Jafar Saniie, and Adrian Sanchez-Mompo
Subjects: Flexibility (engineering), Microcontroller, business.industry, Computer science, Default gateway, Control system, Real-time computing, Overhead (computing), business, Communications protocol, Actuator, Automation
Abstract: With the increase of global demand for food and with the adoption of the trends of local sourcing and locally grown produce, the need for gardening and farming automation solutions ranging from industrial to home level has been on the rise. In this paper, we propose an Internet of Things (IoT) farming control system based on the concept of Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSAN) that provides ideal growing conditions for user-defined crops. This is achieved by utilizing the information provided by a series of sensors monitoring the environmental (temperature, humidity, UV, etc.) and soil (moisture, nutrients, etc.) conditions to control the deployed actuators. To allow a wide range of deployment sizes, we use a two-stage system that combines a series of low-power sensor and actuator nodes with a communication and data processing gateway. The low-power microcontroller reads the data from the sensors and sends them to the data processing gateway, which then calculates the optimal actuator changes required to achieve the desired status. These changes are then feedbacked to the low-power microcontroller which actuates the control devices. The communication between the devices is performed via a bespoke LoRa-based communication protocol optimized for minimal overhead, flexibility, and guaranteed data delivery. This is presented to the user via a website to view the configuration of the system and the observation of the past and present environmental, soil, and actuator status of the system.
Published: 2021
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47. Endomyocardial involvement in asymptomatic Latin American migrants with eosinophilia related to helminth infection: A pilot study.

Author: Abiu Sempere, Fernando Salvador, Laia Milà, Guillem Casas, Xavier Durà-Miralles, Elena Sulleiro, Rosa Vila-Olives, Pau Bosch-Nicolau, Maria Luisa Aznar, Juan Espinosa-Pereiro, Begoña Treviño, Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá, Núria Serre-Delcor, Inés Oliveira-Souto, Diana Pou, José Rodríguez-Palomares, and Israel Molina
Subjects: Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract: BackgroundHypereosinophilic syndrome can produce cardiac involvement and endomyocardial fibrosis, which have a poor prognosis. However, there is limited information regarding cardiac involvement among migrants from Latin America with eosinophilia related to helminthiasis.MethodsWe conducted a pilot observational study where an echocardiography was performed on migrants from Latin America with both eosinophilia (>450 cells/μL) and a diagnosis of helminth infection, and on migrants from Latin America without eosinophilia or helminth infection. Microbiological techniques included a stool microscopic examination using the Ritchie's formalin-ether technique, and a specific serology to detect Strongyloides stercoralis antibodies.Results37 participants were included, 20 with eosinophilia and 17 without eosinophilia. Twenty (54.1%) were men with a mean age of 41.3 (SD 14.3) years. Helminthic infections diagnosed in the group with eosinophilia were: 17 cases of S. stercoralis infection, 1 case of hookworm infection, and 2 cases of S. stercoralis and hookworm coinfection. Among participants with eosinophilia, echocardiographic findings revealed a greater right ventricle thickness (p = 0.001) and left atrial area and volume index (p = 0.003 and p = 0.004, respectively), while showing a lower left atrial strain (p = 0.006) and E-wave deceleration time (p = 0.008). An increase was shown in both posterior and anterior mitral leaflet thickness (p = 0.0014 and p = 0.004, respectively) when compared with participants without eosinophilia.ConclusionsMigrants from Latin America with eosinophilia related to helminthic infections might present incipient echocardiographic alterations suggestive of early diastolic dysfunction, that could be related to eosinophilia-induced changes in the endomyocardium.
Published: 2024
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48. ABC2-SPH risk score for in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients: development, external validation and comparison with other available scores

Author: Natalia Lima Rangel, Daniel Taiar Marinho Oliveira Ferrara, Natalia da Cunha Severino Sampaio, Máderson Alvares de Souza Cabral, Angelinda Rezende Bhering, Emanuele Marianne Souza Kroger, Rafael Lima Rodrigues de Carvalho, Lucas de Deus Sousa, Ana Luiza Bahia Alves Scotton, Roger Mendes de Abreu, Fernando Graca Aranha, Meire Pereira de Figueiredo, Guilherme Fagundes Nascimento, Luanna da Silva Monteiro, Frederico Bartolazzi, Juliana Machado Rugolo, Maria Aparecida Camargos Bicalho, Luciana Siuves Ferreira Couto, Rochele Mosmann Menezes, Luciane Kopittke, Natalia Trifiletti Crespo, Daniela Ponce, Eric Boersma, Patricia Klarmann Ziegelmann, Amanda de Oliveira Maurilio, Carisi Anne Polanczyk, Raquel Lutkmeier, Christiane Correa Rodrigues cimini, Bruno Mateus de Castro, Giovanna Grunewald Vietta, José Miguel Chatkin, Neimy Ramos de Oliveira, Thaís Lorenna Souza Sales, Lilian Santos Pinheiro, Angelica Aparecida Coelho Madureira, Gisele Alsina Nader Bastos, Elayne Crestani Pereira, Fernanda Barbosa Lucas, Karen Cristina Jung Rech Pontes, Maria Angelica Pires Ferreira, Liliane Souto Pacheco, Raphael Castro Martins, Andre Soares de Moura Costa, Helena Duani, Roberta Xavier Campos, Andre Pinheiro Weber, Matheus Carvalho Alves Nogueira, Rodolfo Lucas Silva Mourato, Silvia Ferreira Araujo, Renan Goulart Finger, Adrian Sanchez Montalva, Reginaldo Aparecido Valacio, Daniel Vitorio Silveira, Magda Carvalho Pires, Maíra Viana Rego Souza e Silva, Marcela Goncalves Trindade Tofani, Milena Soriano Marcolino, Saionara Cristina Francisco, Karen Brasil Ruschel, Tatiani Oliveira Fereguetti, L. E. F. Ramos, Israel Júnior Borges do Nascimento, Thaiza Simonia Marinho Albino de Araujo, Silvana Mangeon Mereilles Guimaraes, Rafaela dos Santos Charao de Almeida, Marcus Vinicius de Melo Andrade, Joanna d'Arc Lyra Batista, Andressa Barreto Glaeser, Veridiana Baldon dos Santos Santos, Henrique Cerqueira Guimaraes, Vitor Augusto Lima do Vale, Joice Coutinho de Alvarenga, Heloisa Reniers Vianna, Ricardo Bertoglio Cardoso, Petrônio José de Lima Martelli, Glicia Cristina de Castro Madeira, Fernando Anschau, Tatiana Kurtz, Milton Henriques Guimaraes Junior, Maria Clara Pontello Barbosa Lima, Mariana Frizzo de Godoy, Luana Martins Oliveira, Kauane Aline Maciel dos Santos, Gabriela Petry Crestani, Luisa Elem Almeida Santos, Fernando Antônio Botoni, Carla Thais Candida Alves da Silva, Felipe Barbosa Vallt, Rufino de Freitas Silva, Cintia Alcantara de Carvalho, Barbara Lopes Farace, Diego Henrique de Vasconcelos, Luis Cesar Souto de Moura, Alexandre Vargas Schwarbold, Karina Paula Medeiros Prado Martins, Julia Drumond Parreiras de Morais, Luís César de Castro, Pedro Ledic Assaf, Maiara Anschau Floriani, Roberta Pozza, Maira Dias Souza, Isabela Moraes Gomes, Susany Anastacia Pereira, Thainara Conceicao de Oliveira, Yuri Carlotto Ramires, Carolina Marques Ramos, Israel Molina Romero, Caroline Danubia Gomes, Rafael Guimarães Tavares da Silva, Marilia Mastrocolla de Almeida Cardoso, Berta Raventós, Leonardo Seixas de Oliveira, Virginia Mara Reis Gomes, Talita Fischer Oliveira, Thulio Henrique Oliveira Diniz, Julia Di Sabatino Santos Guimaraes, Ana Paula Beck da Silva Etges, Helena Carolina Noal, Marcelo Carneiro, and Edilson Cezar
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Percentile, Framingham Risk Score, biology, business.industry, C-reactive protein, Emergency department, Logistic regression, Internal medicine, Cohort, Risk of mortality, biology.protein, Medicine, business, Blood urea nitrogen
Abstract: ObjectiveTo develop and validate a rapid scoring system at hospital admission for predicting in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), and to compare this score with other existing ones.DesignCohort studySettingThe Brazilian COVID-19 Registry has been conducted in 36 Brazilian hospitals in 17 cities. Logistic regression analysis was performed to develop a prediction model for in-hospital mortality, based on the 3978 patients that were admitted between March-July, 2020. The model was then validated in the 1054 patients admitted during August-September, as well as in an external cohort of 474 Spanish patients.ParticipantsConsecutive symptomatic patients (≥18 years old) with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 admitted to participating hospitals. Patients who were transferred between hospitals and in whom admission data from the first hospital or the last hospital were not available were excluded, as well those who were admitted for other reasons and developed COVID-19 symptoms during their stay.Main outcome measuresIn-hospital mortalityResultsMedian (25th-75th percentile) age of the model-derivation cohort was 60 (48-72) years, 53.8% were men, in-hospital mortality was 20.3%. The validation cohorts had similar age distribution and in-hospital mortality. From 20 potential predictors, seven significant variables were included in the in-hospital mortality risk score: age, blood urea nitrogen, number of comorbidities, C-reactive protein, SpO2/FiO2ratio, platelet count and heart rate. The model had high discriminatory value (AUROC 0.844, 95% CI 0.829 to 0.859), which was confirmed in the Brazilian (0.859) and Spanish (0.899) validation cohorts. Our ABC2-SPH score showed good calibration in both Brazilian cohorts, but, in the Spanish cohort, mortality was somewhat underestimated in patients with very high (>25%) risk. The ABC2-SPH score is implemented in a freely available online risk calculator (https://abc2sph.com/).ConclusionsWe designed and validated an easy-to-use rapid scoring system based on characteristics of COVID-19 patients commonly available at hospital presentation, for early stratification for in-hospital mortality risk of patients with COVID-19.Summary boxesWhat is already known on this topic?Rapid scoring systems may be very useful for fast and effective assessment of COVID-19 patients in the emergency department.The majority of available scores have high risk of bias and lack benefit to clinical decision making.Derivation and validation studies in low- and middle-income countries, including Latin America, are scarce.What this study addsABC2-SPH employs seven well defined variables, routinely assessed upon hospital presentation: age, number of comorbidities, blood urea nitrogen, C reactive protein, Spo2/FiO2 ratio, platelets and heart rate.This easy-to-use risk score identified four categories at increasing risk of death with a high level of accuracy, and displayed better discrimination ability than other existing scores.A free web-based calculator is available and may help healthcare practitioners to estimate the expected risk of mortality for patients at hospital presentation.
Published: 2021
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49. Tail unsaturation tailors the thermodynamics and rheology of a self-assembled sugar-based surfactant

Author: Anna E. Leung, Christian Lang, Stefan Ulvenlund, Tommy Nylander, Marie Wahlgren, Baohu Wu, Johan Larsson, and Adrian Sanchez-Fernandez
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Degree of unsaturation, Materials science, Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Krafft temperature, Micelle, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Biomaterials, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Differential scanning calorimetry, chemistry, Dynamic light scattering, Pulmonary surfactant, Rheology, ddc:540, 0210 nano-technology, Alkyl
Abstract: Hypothesis The self-assembly of long-tail surfactants results in the formation of nanoscale structures, e.g. worm-like micelles, with the ability to modify the rheology of the system. However, micelle formation, and thus the alteration of the rheology, is subject to the high Krafft temperature of saturated long-tail surfactants. Hexadecylmaltosides are sustainable surfactants that, in solution, form tailorable viscoelastic fluids. The preparation of monounsaturated sugar-based surfactants is hypothesised to reduce the Krafft point compared to the saturated analogues, therefore increasing the temperature range where the surfactant remains in the micellar form. Experiments Here we report the synthesis and characterisation of a novel sugar-based surfactant with an unsaturated C16-tail, namely palmitoleyl-β- d -maltoside (β-C16-1G2). Differential scanning calorimetry was used to probe the temperature stability of the system. The rheology of β-C16-1G2 solutions was investigated by means of rotational and oscillatory rheology, and these results were connected to the mesoscopic structure of the system as shown by small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering, and dynamic light scattering. Findings The presence of a double bond on the alkyl chain moiety leads to a depression in the Krafft point, allowing the surfactant to form a thermodynamically stable micellar solution over a wide range of temperatures, i.e. 5–95 °C. The surfactant self-assembles into worm-like micelles which, upon entanglement in the semi-dilute regime, result in the formation of a non-Newtonian, viscoelastic fluid. These observations have important implications in the development of new sustainable formulated products, enabling the preparation of surfactant phases with remarkable thermal resilience.
Published: 2021
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50. Proteins in deep eutectic solvents: Structure, dynamics and interactions with the solvent

Author: Andrew Jackson and Adrian Sanchez-Fernandez
Subjects: Solvent, chemistry.chemical_compound, Aqueous solution, chemistry, Hydrogen bond, Ionic strength, Chemical physics, Ionic liquid, Solvation, Biology, Eutectic system, Macromolecule
Abstract: The structure and dynamics of proteins in solution are closely related to their activity and, ultimately, to their performance in products and technologies, for example, drug formulations and enzymatic catalysis. With this in mind, the study of the fundamental behavior of proteins in deep eutectic solvents not only provides insight into a novel alternative to aqueous and molecular organic solvents, but also contributes to understanding the potential behavior of these macromolecules in non-aqueous environments. In particular, it has relevance for systems with high levels of dehydration, liquid phases for dispersions at cryogenic temperatures, or systems with high ionic strength. In this chapter, we will explore current knowledge of the physicochemical behavior of proteins in deep eutectic solvents. The local and global structure of proteins in these solvents will be presented and compared to those in aqueous solutions, organic solvents and ionic liquids. Furthermore, the characteristic behavior of proteins in deep eutectic solvents will be linked to solvation effects and the interaction of the macromolecules with the solvent, where specific electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions can affect the structure and dynamics of proteins. Finally, challenges and opportunities in the field will be discussed, with the aim of guiding a common effort to develop a better understanding of the fundamental behavior of proteins in these interesting environments.
Published: 2021
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