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Igłoterapia sucha (Dry Needling - DN) polega na wykonaniu zabiegu z wykorzystaniem cienkich, pełnych, sterylnych i jednorazowych igieł w celu leczenia bólu i dysfunkcji w obrębie narządu ruchu. Niniejsza publikacja przedstawia zalecenia Krajowej Izby Fizjoterapeutów (KIF) na temat bezpiecznego stosowania igłoterapii suchej. Wytyczne zawarte w pracy opierają się między innymi na dokumentach wyznaczających międzynarodowe standardy jak: „Zalecenia Amerykańskiego Towarzystwa Fizjoterapii (APTA) w zakresie bezpiecznego stosowania igłoterapii suchej punktów spustowych 2012”, „Australijskie (ASAP) wytyczne bezpiecznej akupunktury i igłoterapii suchej 2013” „Irlandzkie wytyczne dla fizjoterapeutów na temat igłoterapii suchej 2013", „Szwajcarskie wytyczne odnośnie bezpiecznego stosowania igłoterapii suchej 2014”, „Wytyczne Polskiego Towarzystwa Medycyny Manualnej (PTMM) bezpiecznego stosowania suchej igłoterapii punktów spustowych w Fizjoterapii 2017” oraz przeglądzie badań i zaleceń Krajowej Izby Fizjoterapeutów z 2019 roku.

Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of physiotherapy, including assessment of the functional level of patients after surgical treatment of the spine. Material and methods. The study involved 46 people after cervical or lumbar spine surgery. The research was carried out using the author's questionnaire, the Oswestry questionnaire was used to assess the level of disability in people with lumbar pain. The NDI questionnaire was used to assess the degree of disability in people with cervical pain. The study was conducted before and after the ZUS-rehabilitation program, i.e. 3 weeks after it was started. Results. The intensity of lumbar pain before the stay remained strong, while after rehabilitation the pain remained moderate. The intensity of cervical pain before rehabilitation remained strong, while after rehabilitation the pain was mild. Before rehabilitation of patients after lumbar spine surgery the degree of disability was moderate and severe, while after rehabilitation it was mild and to a lesser extent moderate. In patients after cervical spine surgery, the level of disability before the stay was moderate and severe, but after physiotherapy - mild. Conclusions. The implemented physiotherapy program of patients after spine surgery is effective in reducing pain and improving the functioning of patients in daily activities. However, it is still necessary to verify and improve the methods of post operative physiotherapy of the spine so as to increase efficiency and therapy effectiveness in all evaluated domains.

Background. Cervical spine pain syndromes are a serious contemporary problem, both medical and social. They lead to limiting professional life in highly developed countries. Surgical treatment of cervical degenarations and discopathy is the method of choice when conservative treatment has not improved. The aim. The aim of this study was to attempt to assess the early results of surgical treatment of patients treated for osteoarthritis of the cervical spine. Material and methods. A group of 36 patients was examined, including 20 women and 16 men surgically treated for osteoarthritis of the cervical spine. Patients were divided into two groups. The study group received additional developed recommendations and a list of exercises in the field of independent post-hospital physiotherapy. The evaluated parameters were evaluated twice: before surgery and 2 months after surgery. The following research tools were used to evaluate treatment results: DASH questionnaire, NDI functional assessment scale, visual analog pain scale (VAS). Conclusions. The applied treatment resulted in a decrease in the intensity of pain, a decrease in the degree of disability of the limb and an improvement in the functional status of patients. In the group of patients with additional recommendations on the principles of rehabilitation and prevention, a higher degree of improvement was obtained in the scope of: intensity of pain radiating to the limbs and functional state.

Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of cervical spine pain and students' knowledge about Text Neck Syndrome. Material and research methodology. The study covered 150 students of Physiotherapy and Computer Science, aged 18 - 26. The study used questionnaire consisting of 24 questions, as well as the NDI (Neck Disability Index) questionnaire. Results. The research have shown, that 69% of respondents have experienced cervical spine pain in their lives. Almost half of the students have heard about Text Neck Syndrome. A relationship between the frequency of neck pain and the age at which neck pain appeared for the first time, physical activity, the number of hours spent using the cell phone and the position taken while using the phone as well as the position taken at work were demonstrated . The relationship between the sum of points obtained in the NDI questionnaire and the number of hours allocated to using a mobile phone was also demonstrated. Conclusions. Most students have experienced cervical spine pain in their lives. Many factors affect the incidence of neck pain. Almost half of the respondents heard about Text Neck Syndrome. The use of cell phones affects the pain and level of cervical spine dysfunction.

Objective: This article is aimed at critically evaluating the evidence for or against the effectiveness of massage therapy on pain. Design: Review of systematic reviews. Methods: Six databases were searched from their inceptions to June 2013. Systematic reviews (SRs) of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of any type of manual massage (MM) with any type of pain as the outcome measure were considered eligible. The methodological quality of the included SRs was assessed using the Oxman criteria. Results: Thirty-nine SRs met the inclusion criteria. Most of them were of high methodological quality. Twenty-one SRs arrived at equivocal conclusions (of these 13 were of high quality); 13 drew positive conclusions (of these 10 were of high quality); and 5 arrived at negative conclusions (of these 2 were of high quality). Unanimously positive conclusions were reached for cancerrelated pain, dysmenorrhea, labor pain, low back pain, neck pain and shoulder pain. Negative conclusions were drawn for tension-type headache, fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndrome. Conclusions: A wide variety of MM techniques were examined, including acupressure, aromatherapy, classical massage, connective tissue, Deep Transversal Friction Massage, ischemic compression, lymphatic drainage, myofascial, reflexology, Shiatsu, soft tissue massage, Thai massage and Tui na. The majority of high quality SRs showed moderate effectiveness of MM in the management of certain types of pain.

Objective. Assessment of the efficacy of classic (Swedish) therapeutical massage in pain of cervical spine. Materials & methods. 25 people with pain of cervical spine treated with massage were evaluated. NDI and selfconstructed questionnaires were used. Patients were examined before and after therapy. Results were statistically analyzed. Results. Before the massage 48% of the subjects felt moderate pain, after it 60% felt very little pain. The massage was effective in all categories of NDI, it was not significant only in category: lifting. The efficacy of the massage in men and w o m e n w e r e c o m p a r a b l e i n 8 categories. It was higher in women in categories: reading and headache. Age had no impact on efficacy of the massage in every category. Conclusion. After massage the intensity of pain and the disabilities of functioning of cervical spine were reduced. Sex and age were not differentiating factors of the efficacy of the massage.

Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring type of cancer among the female population. As a result, it poses a serious social problem, being subject to various scientific research and analysis. The topic of this thesis is an assessment o f a c o m p l e x r e h a b i l i t a t i o n o f lymphedema that occurs among females after mastectomy, which is the most frequent postoperative complication in this group of patients. The purpose of this thesis is an assessment of the quality of rehabilitation of patients and its effectiveness but also a recognition of the preferences concerning types of treatment. The analysis was divided into two parts: theoretical and explanatory. The research was conducted among m e m b e r s o f “ B i ł g o r a j s k i e Stowarzyszenie Amazonek” (The Amazons' Association in Biłgoraj) and Stowarzyszenie “Rzeszowski Klub Amazonek” (The Amazons' Club in Rzeszów). The first part includes an outline of cancer disease, its risk factors and methods of treatment. The explanatory part includes an answer to the hypothesis concerning the level of complex rehabilitation, its accessibility and effectiveness. The research shows that complex rehabilitation is a crucial element of the holistic treatment of cancer patients because it reduces the risk of complications, improves psychophysical conditions of patients and increases the chances of full recovery. The research outcomes demonstrate that the most frequently used treatment in the therapy of lymphedema is lymphatic drainage but also physiotherapy and kinesiotherapy treatments.

Background: Back pain syndromes are one of the most common health problems in the population of industrialized countries, including Poland. Aim of the study: The aim of the work is to show the dependence or type of work performed affects the occurrence of pain in the spine in the study group Material and methods: The research covered 90 people, including 44 whitecollar workers and 46 manual workers. The author's questionnaire and Oswestry Questionnaire were used for the research. Results: In our own research, it was noticed that 90% of patients had spinal pain. They concerned the cross and lumbar sections. It was found that men were more disabled than men. It was also reported that there is no relationship between the age of the examined persons and the level of their disability. Conclusions: It was found that the type of work performed does not affect the occurrence of spinal pain syndrome. It has been noticed, however, that it is more common for people who work

Background: The average person spends most of their time in a sitting position. In particular, this applies to office workers who, due to the specificity of their work, stay in it every day for long hours. Aim: The aim of this Bachelor is to assess dependence between occurrence of spine pain in office workers and physical activity. Material and method: The survey was conducted among 50 professionally active office workers. In order to carry out the research, an original survey questionnaire was created. Results: More than half of the respondents felt pain in the spine, which dominated in the lumbar region. Physical activity was demonstrated by 72% of respondents. It was shown that the pain occurred mainly in people who did not undertake physical activity. Conclusions: Back pain occurred more often in people with low physical activity. The differences were not statistically significant. The type of physical activity performed does not a f f e c t t h e f re q u e n c y o f s p i n a l problems.

BACKGROUND Post-traumatic craniofacial injuries associated with bone fractures lead to serious morphological, functional and aesthetic complications which may negatively affect the physical and mental condition of the patient throughout the recovery period. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was the evaluation of complaints and well-being in patients during the shortand long-term period following injury to the lower face, as well as an assessment of the effects of age and sex in the examined parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS The research group included 42 patients with injury to the lower face. The patients' well-being and the most common functional problems following treatment were assessed using Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, with significance level assumed at p < 0.05. RESULTS A period of 8 months following injury of the lower face was sufficient for the patients to achieve significant improvement in the quality of life. Improvement in well-being, according to OHIP-14, by approx. 11.9 points ±11.7 points, was highly significant (p < 0.001). The most frequent complaints included pain in the maxillofacial area, difficulties with consumption of food and dissatisfaction due to the necessary change of diet. The factors of age (p = 0.2839) and sex (p = 0.6047) did not significantly affect improvement in well-being. CONCLUSIONS During both the shortand long-term period following injury of the lower face, the most frequent complaints included pain in the maxillofacial region, problems with eating food and dissatisfaction due to change in diet. The study has shown that during the period of 8 months after the injury, there was a significant improvement in the quality of life assessed with OHIP-14. Age and gender do not significantly affect the quality of life after injury to the lower face.

The objective of this systematic review is to summarize and critically assess the effects of yoga on heart rate variability (HRV). Nine databases were searched from their inceptions to June 2014. We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing yoga against any type of control intervention in healthy individuals or patients with any medical condition. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane criteria. Two reviewers performed the selection of studies, data extraction, and quality assessments independent of one another. Fourteen trials met the inclusion criteria. Only two of them were of acceptable methodological quality. Ten RCTs reported favourable effects of yoga on various domains of HRV, whereas nine of them failed to do so. One RCT did not report between-group comparisons. The meta-analysis (MA) of two trials did not show favourable effects of yoga compared to usual care on E:I ratio (n = 61, SMDs = 0.63; 95% CIs [-0.72 to 1.99], p = 0.36; heterogeneity: r(2) = 0.79, χ(2) = 5.48, df = 1, (p = 0.02); I(2) = 82%). The MA also failed to show statistically significant differences between the groups regarding the 30:15 ratio (n = 61, SMDs = 0.20; 95% CIs [-0.43 to 0.84], p = 0.53; heterogeneity: r(2) = 0.07, χ(2) = 1.45, df = 1, (p = 0.23); I(2) = 31%). The data from the remaining RCTs were too heterogeneous for pooling. These results provide no convincing evidence for the effectiveness of yoga in modulating HRV in patients or healthy subjects. Future investigations in this area should overcome the multiple methodological weaknesses of the previous research.

Background Surgical treatment of odontoid fractures with posterior C1/C2 fusion always leads to severe limitations in mobility of the cervical spine and head. Purpose To assess the mobility of the cervical spine in patients treated with various surgical methods after an axis body fracture. Material and methods A group of 61 subjects receiving surgical treatment in a group of 214 subjects treated for odontoid fractures at one ward of neurosurgery at a regional hospital. Studies also included odontoid peg and Hangman fractures. The range of motion of the head was compared to standards by the International Standard Orthopedic Measurements (ISOM) and to head mobility in a control group of 80 healthy subjects without any pathologies or complaints associated with the cervical spine. Ranges of motion were measured with the CROM goniometre with regard to flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexion and right and left rotation. The functional status was evaluated with Neck Disability Index (NDI) standard questionnaires indicated for patients with cervical spine pain. Results Except for flexion and extension, patients after odontoid fractures had a statistically significantly smaller range of motion of the cervical spine in all planes compared to the control group and ISOM standards. Conclusions Odontoid fractures lead to limitations in mobility of the cervical spine even after treatment with methods that in theory should preserve the C1/C2 mobility.

Objectives: To critically evaluate the effectiveness of yoga as a treatment of hypertension. Methods: Seventeen databases were searched from their inceptions to January 2014. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included, if they evaluated yoga against any type of control in patients with any form of arterial hypertension. Risk of bias was estimated using the Cochrane criteria. Three independent reviewers performed the selection of studies, data extraction, and quality assessments. Results: Seventeen trials met the inclusion criteria. Only two RCTs were of acceptable methodological quality. Eleven RCTs suggested that yoga leads to a significantly greater reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared to various forms of pharmacotherapy, breath awareness or reading, health education, no treatment (NT), or usual care (UC). Eight RCTs suggested that yoga leads to a significantly greater reduction in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) or night-time DBP compared to pharmacotherapy, NT, or UC. Five RCTs indicated that yoga had no effect on SBP compared to dietary modification (DIM), enhanced UC, passive relaxation (PR), or physical exercises (PE). Eight RCTs indicated that yoga had no effect on DBP compared to DIM, enhanced UC, pharmacotherapy, NT, PE, PR, or breath awareness or reading. One RCT did not report between-group comparisons. Conclusion: The evidence for the effectiveness of yoga as a treatment of hypertension is encouraging but inconclusive. Further, more rigorous trials seem warranted. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.