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Introduction: Prostate enlargement known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) increases the risk of infection in the urinary tract by obstructing or blocking the prostatic portion of the urethra. This disease becomes more common as people age. Aim: To determine differences in the risk of urinary tract infection based on demographics and laboratory markers in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. Materials and methods: The present study is quantitative analytical observational research. Patients from Vita Insani Hospital’s Urology Polyclinic in Pematangsiantar during 2021–2023 made up the study’s population. In sampling, we used the purposive sampling technique. Results: Medical records were used to gather data, which were then subjected to univariate and bivariate analyses using SPSS. The present study found that there were statistically significant differences between the neutrophil lymphocyte and the platelet-lymphocyte ratios in the incidence of urinary tract infections among BPH populations (p0.05). Conclusion: It is expected that health workers, especially nurses in hospitals can provide information, always monitor signs of infection and apply aseptic procedures in performing catheter insertion actions to BPH patients to avoid urinary tract infections.

Background: The actual prognostic impact of prior lupus nephritis (LN) diagnosis on end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients remains questionable, especially in relation to outcomes of kidney transplantation (KTx) We aim to determine the survival of the graft and recipient after the KTx procedure among patients with ESKD due to LN in comparison to non-LN. Methods: This meta-analysis included retrospective studies from the last two decades, focusing on the KTx’s outcomes among ESKD due to LN in comparison to non-LN. We establish the graft/recipient survival rate at different follow-up intervals as the primary outcome, and acute graft rejection and pooled graft failure rate as secondary outcomes. All analyses were performed with the random-effect model (REM) and were presented as odd ratio (OR; within 95% confidence interval (CI)). The protocol of this study was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42023394310. Results: A total of 1,299 KTx (368 LN patients) from 10 studies with >10 years of follow-up were thoroughly reviewed. All checkpoints (at 1-, 5-, 10, and 15-year post-KTx) on graft survival rate demonstrated comparable outcomes in either LN or non-LN (e.g., at 10-year follow up (OR, 1.08 [0.40, 2.91]; p = 0.88). Similar findings at all checkpoints for recipient survival rate were also observed without statistically significant difference between LN and non-LN arm (e.g., at 10-year checkpoint; OR, 0.99 [0.68, 1.46]; p = 0.98). Both of our secondary analyses also presented insignificant differences (p = 0.70 and = 0.16, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings suggested that prognosis of ESKD due to complicated LN is equal compared to ESKD associated with non-LN etiologies, suggesting the impact of LN as the inducing cause of ESKD on KTx outcome is relatively neglectable.

Peperomia pellucida, a tropical plant belonging to the Piperaceae family, has long been recognized for its potential medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial effects. This study investigates the efficacy of Peperomia pellucida nanoemulsion (PPNE) as a novel therapeutic approach for improving burn wound healing in Wistar rats. The nanoemulsion was formulated using the high-energy ultrasonication method, optimized for droplet size, polydispersity index, and stability. A 30 % burn wound was induced on the dorsum of 60 Wistar rats, which were then divided into three groups: control (untreated), silver sulfadiazine (SSD) treated, and PPNE treated. Inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed that PPNE treatment significantly accelerated wound closure rates compared to both control and SSD-treated groups, with complete wound closure achieved by day 10 in the PPNE-treated group. Histopathological examination revealed improved re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, and collagen deposition in the PPNE group compared to the control and SSD groups. Additionally, PPNE treatment significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine levels and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, suggesting a reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress in the treated wounds. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of P. pellucida nanoemulsion as a promising and effective therapeutic approach for improving burn wound healing. The observed enhanced wound healing properties may be attributed to the combined anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects of the PPNE, warranting further investigation and potential clinical application.

Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Indonesia, with varying prevalence across regions, particularly in eastern provinces like Papua and West Papua. This parasitic disease, transmitted by Plasmodium-infected Anopheles mosquitoes, continues to burden affected populations. Contemporary treatment approaches predominantly rely on Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT). However, the emergence of drug resistance, coupled with environmental and demographic factors, presents ongoing challenges. This paper explores current malaria treatment strategies in Indonesia, emphasizing the importance of vigilance in the face of drug resistance and the need for innovative approaches. Additionally, it discusses the potential of herbal interventions, drawing from the rich traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in Indonesia. Secondary metabolites found in herbs, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids, show promise as antimalarial agents. As Indonesia and the global community strive to combat malaria, research, surveillance, and healthcare infrastructure development must remain at the forefront of strategies. Despite the complex nature of malaria control, continued dedication and collaboration offer hope for reducing the disease’s impact and progressing towards its eventual elimination. Graphical abstract:

Polyscias scutellaria (PS), an increasingly recognized botanical marvel, has emerged as a remarkable reservoir of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, holding immense potential for enhancing health and promoting overall well-being. In this comprehensive investigation, we meticulously examined the multifaceted properties of PS through various parameters, including DPPH scavenging activity, total phenol, and total flavonoid content in its ethanol extract (EEPS), ethyl acetate extract (EAPS), and n-hexane extract (nhPS). Additionally, we conducted in-depth assessments of cellular responses to EEPS and EAPS, encompassing cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, and the modulation of pivotal pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-12 (IL-12), utilizing the RAW 264.7 cell line as a model system.Our findings illuminate the exceptional antioxidant prowess of PS extracts, with EEPS, EAPS, and nhPS displaying noteworthy DPPH scavenging activities. These results underscore their potential in quenching harmful free radicals and mitigating oxidative stress. Furthermore, our investigation unveils the promising anti-inflammatory attributes of EEPS and EAPS, as evidenced by their capacity to preserve cellular viability, dampen NO production, and suppress the secretion of critical pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-12) in RAW 264.7 cells. These remarkable anti-inflammatory effects hint at the therapeutic potential of PS in ameliorating chronic inflammatory conditions and bolstering the body’s immune response.In conclusion, Polyscias scutellaria stands as an emerging botanical champion, offering a wealth of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds that hold great promise for optimizing health and well-being. This study opens exciting avenues for future research to elucidate the precise bioactive constituents within PS and unravel their intricate mechanisms of action, paving the way for the development of innovative therapeutic interventions and wellness-enhancing products. The remarkable properties of PS underscore its potential as a cornerstone of holistic health and a valuable asset in the pursuit of a vibrant and balanced life. Graphical abstract

Background/Objectives: Metformin (Met), an oral drug used to treat type II diabetes, is known to control blood glucose levels. Metformin carbon quantum dots (MetCQDs) were prepared to enhance the bioavailability and effectiveness of metformin. Several studies have shown that carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have attractive properties like small particle size, high penetrability, low cytotoxicity, and ease of synthesis. CQDs are made from a carbon source, namely, citric acid, and a heteroatom, such as nitrogen. The active molecule can be a carbon source or a heteroatom, as reported here. Methods: This study aims to produce MetCQDs from an active molecule. MetCQDs were successfully produced by microwave-based production methods and characterized. The effect of the MetCQDs was tested in Wistar albino rats following a Streptozocin-induced diabetic model. Results: The results show that the products have a particle size of 9.02 ± 0.04 nm, a zeta potential of −10.4 ± 0.214 mV, and a quantum yield of 15.1 ± 0.045%. Stability studies and spectrophotometric analyses were carried out and the effectiveness of MetCQDs evaluated in diabetic rats. The results show a significant reduction in blood sugar levels (34.1–51.1%) compared to the group receiving only metformin (37.1–55.3%) over a period of 30 to 360 min. Histopathological examinations of the liver tissue indicate improvement in the liver health indicators of the group treated with MetCQDs. Conclusions: Based on these results, the products have potential therapeutic advantages in diabetes management through their increased efficacy and may have reduced side effects compared to the control group.

Cardiovascular disorder is the leading cause death in the world, one of them are acute myocardial infarction (AMI) which associated with hypertension and cardiac remodeling. ISO may cause inflammation, enhance the production of oxidative stress while decrease the antioxidant defensive system, myocardium impairment, calcium overload, enhanced cyclic adenosine monophosphate level, intracellular acidosis, and altered membrane permeability. Vernonia amygdalina (VA) is a medicinal plant with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the potential cardioprotective effect of VA on ISO-induced cardiac toxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: ISO (ISO), quercetin 100 mg/kg plus ISO (ISO+QR), VA ethanol extract 100, 300, 500 mg/kg plus ISO (ISO+VA100, ISO+VA300 and ISO+VA500). ISO was administered subcutaneously (85 mg/kg) on days 15 while quercetin and VA extract and was given orally for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the blood was taken from the heart were analyzed for markers of cardiac, oxidative stress and inflammation. The ISO group exhibited significant (p

The use of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin is limited due to its potential to cause signifi-cant hepatorenal damage. The present study aimed to investigate the potential hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of Vernonia amygdalina, a medicinal plant with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control, Doxorubicin (DOX), DOX + Vernonia Amyg-dalina (DOX+VA), and Vernonia amygdalina (VA) alone. DOX and DOX+VA groups were treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg body weight). The DOX+VA group received Vernonia amygdalina extract (100, 300, 500 mg/kg body weight) by oral gavage for 14 days following doxorubicin injection. The results demonstrated that Vernonia amygdalina significantly reduced the elevated levels of liver and kidney function biomarkers, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and creatinine, induced by doxorubicin. The histological examination of the liver and kidney tis-sues also confirmed the protective effects of Vernonia amygdalina against doxorubicin-induced damage. Furthermore, Vernonia amygdalina treatment was found to mitigate oxidative stress by restoring the levels of glutathione (GPx), Catalase, NO and SOD and decreasing the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver and kidney tissues. Additionally, Vernonia amygdalina sig-nificantly suppressed the renal injury markers, NGAL, cystatin-c, KIM-1, and NAG. In conclu-sion, the results of this study suggest that Vernonia amygdalina has potent hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in rats. These protective effects are mediated by its antioxidant, and free radical scavenging properties. Further investigation is needed to determine the potential clinical relevance of Vernonia amygdalina in protecting against the hepatorenal damage induced by doxorubicin in human subjects. Graphical abstract: