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Background: Epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse association between circulating levels of vitamin D and cardiovascular disease risk biomarkers, including an atherogenic lipid profile., Objective: To compare the prevalence and the distribution of lipid levels among vitamin D supplemented Argentinean indigenous San Antonio de los Cobres (SAC) children with a nonsupplemented Buenos Aires (BA) mixed population group., Methods: A group of indigenous children from SAC with hypovitaminosis D supplemented with vitamin D; and a nonsupplemented group from a BA mixed population were compared via a cross sectional study. Anthropometric measures, glucose, lipids, vitamin D, and insulin were measured., Results: The mean ages were 10.3 + 2.3 in SAC and 8.7 ± 1.8 years in BA children. There was a lower prevalence of overweight 7.9%(15/192) vs 17.8% (23/129); and of obesity 1.6% (3/192) vs 30.2% (39/129) in SAC vs. BA respectively. Approximately half of the SAC children versus 30% from BA had optimal vitamin D levels (≥30ng/mL). There was a significantly higher prevalence of high triglycerides (TG) (27.6%vs 4.6%) and low HDL-C (21.3% vs 5.4%) in SAC vs BA children, respectively. In separate linear regression models, we found that despite effective vitamin D repletion, SAC children had higher TG and TG/HDL-C values, whereas HDL-C levels were lower than those of BA children adjusted for age, gender, BMI, and insulin levels., Conclusion: Indigenous Argentinean children have a higher risk for dyslipidemia in comparison with BA children, even after vitamin D treatment, suggesting that dyslipidemia could be related to diet or ethnic backgrounds.