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Granulocytic sarcoma is a rare type of tumor composed of extramedullary immature cells. The breast location is very rare; it accounts for less than 8% of cases. The present study reports the case of a 36-year-old female with a medical history of myelodysplastic syndrome. She was referred because of a lump in the left breast. We have diagnosed a case of granulocytic sarcoma of the breast by core biopsy. Histology and immunohistochemistry showed hypercellular smears with immature myeloid cells. The blast cells were myeloperoxidase positive. The patient underwent a lumpectomy. Five months later, she developed a contralateral recurrence, treated by lumpectomy and radiotherapy. Three years later, she developed a recurrence in the left knee. We report this case for its rarity and as a note of caution to a physician to consider myeloid sarcoma in the differential diagnosis of a breast lump, to provide the correct diagnosis and avoid incorrect treatment of a curable disease.

Myeloid sarcoma is a neoplasm of myeloid cells that can arise before or concurrent with or may follow acute myeloid leukemia. Very rarely, it can present as an isolated breast lump. We have diagnosed a case of myeloid sarcoma by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), in a 36 -year-old woman who presented with the left-sided breast lump. FNAC showed hypercellular smears with immature myeloid cells few neutrophils and many large round cells with high nuclear- cytoplasmic ratio, prominent nucleoli and a moderate amount of granular cytoplasm. The blast cells were myeloperoxidase positive and complete blood count, and peripheral blood examination were normal. The patient underwent a wide lumpectomy, with free margins. Five months later, she developed a controlateral recurrence in the right breast. The patient was proposed for a mastectomy, but she was lost from sight. We report this case for its rarity and as a note of caution to a physician to consider myeloid sarcoma in the differential diagnosis of breast lump to provide the correct diagnosis and avoid incorrect treatment of a curable disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) is characterized by extensive inflammatory immune cells, which predict the disease prognosis. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the significance of different tumor-infiltrated immune cells and subpopulation ratios observed in the tumor microenvironment of CHL, particularly relating to the disease's prognosis-focusing on overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS). Utilizing immunohistochemistry, the quantification and exploration of selected immune cells' subsets, including CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, FOXP3+, CD20+, and CD68+ were conducted on 102 histological samples with primary CHL. Eosinophils were pathologically assessed. Besides, we determined the ratios between different tumor-infiltrated immune cells for each patient. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression modeling were used for survival analysis. We demonstrated that among all ratios and immune cells individually, only a higher FOXP3+/CD68+ ratio (≥1.36 cutoff) displayed a tendency towards a favorable OS (p = 0.057, HR = 0.43 [0.18-1.02]) and EFS (p = 0.067, HR = 0.44 [0.18-1.06]) using Cox regression modeling. Moreover, the Kaplan-Meier method showed an association of a higher FOXP3+/CD68+ ratio with a longer 5-years OS (p = 0.037) and a tendency to a better EFS (p = 0.051); however, neither the combined FOXP3+ and CD68+ nor FOXP3+ or CD68+ separately was correlated to the CHL survival. Together, these results demonstrated that the FOXP3+/CD68+ ratio could predict the outcomes of CHL, providing more informative significance than FOXP3+ and CD68+ combined or FOXP3+ and CD68+ individually and might be a potential indicator of risk stratification, which has an important value for guiding the clinical treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. All rights reserved.)

Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox factor 1 (ZEB1) is a transcription factor involved in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of metaplastic breast cancer (MBC). This study aimed to assess the expression of ZEB1 in MBC and explore its association with clinicopathological factors and prognosis. We analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of ZEB1 in 50 MBC tissue samples. ZEB1 was overexpressed in 36% (18/50) of cases. ZEB1 overexpression was significantly correlated to fibromatosis-like and spindle cell sarcoma subtypes (P < 0.001) and tended to be correlated to metastatic status (P = 0.069). Using the Kaplan-Meier method, ZEB1 expression was significantly associated with poor 5-years overall survival (OS) (P = 0.001) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (P = 0.0001). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that ZEB1 positive remained a significantly independent adverse prognostic factor for RFS and OS (HR = 4.9 [2.14-11.53]; P < 0.0001) and (HR = 4 [1.05-15.18]; P = 0.042), while Vimentin was an independent poor prognostic factor only for RFS (HR = 5.69 [1.79-18.11], P = 0.003). Our results indicated that ZEB1 and Vimentin overexpression might serve as adverse prognostic factors and potential therapeutic targets for MBC patients., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Head and neck involvement of Kaposi's sarcoma is rarely encountered, especially for the Mediterranean classic subtype. Here we report a case of non-AIDS related laryngeal Kaposi's sarcoma in a 77-year-old Tunisian man complaining of 4-month history of hoarseness and dysphagia. The patient underwent exclusive local radiotherapy with a prescription dose of 45 Gy delivered in 1.8 Gy daily fractions. He remained complaint-free for 3 months., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright: Zeineb Naimi et al.)

DNA hypomethylation of long interspersed repetitive DNA retrotransposon (LINE-1) and Alu repeats elements of short interspersed elements family (SINEs) is an early event in carcinogenesis that causes transcriptional activation and leads to chromosomal instability. In the current study, DNA methylation levels of LINE-1 and Alu repeats were analyzed in tumoral tissues of invasive breast cancer in a Tunisian cohort and its association with the clinicopathological features of patients was defined. DNA methylation of LINE-1 and Alu repeats were analyzed using pyrosequencing in 61 invasive breast cancers. Median values observed for DNA methylation of LINE-1 and Alu repeats were considered as the cut-off (59.81 and 18.49%, respectively). The results of the current study demonstrated a positive correlation between DNA methylation levels of LINE-1 and Alu repeats (rho=0.284; P<0.03). DNA hypomethylation of LINE-1 was also indicated to be associated with low grade (P=0.023). To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first study regarding DNA methylation of LINE-1 and Alu repeats element in breast cancer of the Tunisian population. The results of the current study suggest that, since hypomethylation of LINE-1 is associated with low grade, it could be used as a biomarker for prognosis for patients with breast cancer., (Copyright © 2020, Spandidos Publications.)

The aim was to evaluate the clinical impact of IGF-1/IGF-1R in Tunisian laryngeal carcinoma. A high IGF-1R immunohistochemical expression was found in our series (81.43%). A tendency toward an association between IGF-1R expression and lymph node metastasis was found ( p  = 0.068). Patients with positive IGF-1R expression showed a short disease free survival ( p  = 0.053) and a high recurrence rate. Furthermore, circulating IGF-1 levels sera, detected by ELISA, were higher among patients compared to controls ( p  < 0.001). IGF-1R might have a prognostic significance and could be a factor of tumor recurrence. However, high levels of IGF-1 increase the risk of developing of LSCC disease.

Prostate cancer is the second most frequent among men. Bones and lymph nodes are the most common sites of metastases in advanced prostate cancer. Oral cavity metastases are rare. We report a case of 65-year-old man with a prostate adenocarcinoma revealed by gingival metastasis. We analyze through this observation the clinical, morphological and therapeutic characteristics of this neoplasia., Competing Interests: None., (© 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Pure ductal carcinoma in situ of male breast (DCIS) is extremely rare. Only a few cases have been reported until now. Its treatment is not well established. Prognosis is as good as in women. In this study, we reported 3 cases of pure ductal carcinoma in situ in the male breast. The mean age of DCIS patients was 58.3 years. The main symptom was a breast mass. The median size of the tumor was 25 mm. Two patients had an axillary lymph node. The left side was reached in 2 cases. All of the patients underwent mastectomy. The histopathological assessment showed papillary, cribriform, and comedocarcinoma in situ. There was no evidence of invasive carcinoma. In one case, the DCIS was associated with Paget's disease of the nipple. One patient received hormonotherapy. The time of follow-up ranged between 6 and 117 months. One patient developed an invasive recurrence., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2020 Turkish Federation of Breast Diseases Associations.)

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare sarcoma of soft tissue representing about 1% of all tumors. In addition, DFSP occurs commonly on the trunk and extremities, and only a few cases of DFSP have been observed on the breast. In men, only 11 cases, including this case, have been reported. In this article, we present a case of left breast DFSP that occurred in a 44-year-old man. The physical examination revealed a left breast tender mass, which invaded the skin. The tumor was staged as T4b N0 M0. Mammography and sonography showed a suspect mass of the left breast. The biopsy and immunochemistry permitted the diagnosis of DFSP of the left breast. The patient had a left mammectomy, with free margins. He presents no evident sign of recurrence 7 months later.

Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare and aggressive disease. Thus, identification of new therapeutic targets is crucial., Objective: Our objective was to evaluate the protein expression of MARCKS (Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C-Kinase Substrate) in MBC and to investigate its prognostic value., Materials and Methods: MARCKS protein expression in tumor and stromal cells was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a retrospective series of 96 pre-chemotherapy MBC samples and 80 normal breast samples, from Tunisian patients treated at Salah Azaiez Institute. Correlations were searched between MARCKS expression and clinicopathological features including overall survival (OS)., Results: MARCKS was overexpressed in epithelial tumor cells in 66% of the MBC samples versus 26% of normal samples (p= 1.40 × 10-7). Such positive MARCKS expression in epithelial tumor cells was associated with positive HER2 status (p= 4.0 × 10-3). It was associated with shorter OS in uni-and multivariate analysis. By contrast, stromal IHC MARCKS expression was correlated only with tumor grade., Conclusion: MARCKS tumor cell overexpression might in part explain the aggressiveness and the poor prognosis of MBC. MARCKS can represent a potential therapeutic target for MBC.