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Objective: Hypertension disrupts the bone integrity and its repair ability. This study explores the efficiency of a therapy based on the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to repair bone defects of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods: First, we evaluated SHR in terms of bone morphometry and differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts. Then, the effects of the interactions between MSCs from normotensive rats (NTR‐MSCs) cocultured with SHR (SHR‐MSCs) on the osteoblast differentiation of both cell populations were evaluated. Also, bone formation into calvarial defects of SHR treated with NTR‐MSCs was analyzed. Results: Hypertension induced bone loss evidenced by reduced bone morphometric parameters of femurs of SHR compared with NTR as well as decreased osteoblast differentiation of SHR‐MSCs compared with NTR‐MSCs. NTR‐MSCs partially restored the capacity of SHR‐MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts, while SHR‐MSCs exhibited a slight negative effect on NTR‐MSCs. An enhanced bone repair was observed in defects treated with NTR‐MSCs compared with control, stressing this cell therapy efficacy even in bones damaged by hypertension. Conclusion: The use of MSCs derived from a heathy environment can be in the near future a smart approach to treat bone loss in the context of regenerative dentistry for oral rehabilitation of hypertensive patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tissue engineering and cell therapy have been the focus of investigations on how to treat challenging bone defects. This study aimed to produce and characterize a P(VDF-TrFE)/BaTiO3 scaffold and evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) combined with this scaffold and photobiomodulation (PBM) on bone repair. Methods and results: P(VDF-TrFE)/BaTiO3 was synthesized using an electrospinning technique and presented physical and chemical properties suitable for bone tissue engineering. This scaffold was implanted in rat calvarial defects (unilateral, 5 mm in diameter) and, 2 weeks post-implantation, MSCs were locally injected into these defects (n = 12/group). Photobiomodulation was then applied immediately, and again 48 and 96 h post-injection. The μCT and histological analyses showed an increment in bone formation, which exhibited a positive correlation with the treatments combined with the scaffold, with MSCs and PBM inducing more bone repair, followed by the scaffold combined with PBM, the scaffold combined with MSCs, and finally the scaffold alone (ANOVA, p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: The P(VDF-TrFE)/BaTiO3 scaffold acted synergistically with MSCs and PBM to induce bone repair in rat calvarial defects. These findings emphasize the need to combine a range of techniques to regenerate large bone defects and provide avenues for further investigations on innovative tissue engineering approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We evaluated the bone repair induced by MSCs from adipose tissue (AT-MSCs) and bone marrow (BM-MSCs) injected into rat calvarial defects at two time points. Methods & results: Both cell populations expressed MSC surface markers and differentiated into adipocytes and osteoblasts. μCT showed that the combination of cells from distinct sources exhibited synergistic effects to increase bone repair with an advantage when BM-MSCs were injected prior to AT-MSCs. The higher osteogenic potential of these MSC combinations was demonstrated using an in vitro coculture system where BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs association induced higher ALP activity in MC3T3-E1 cells. Conclusion: Our findings may drive new approaches to treat bone defects and shed light on the complexity of the mechanisms involved in bone regeneration. We evaluated the bone repair induced by cells that can develop into different types of cells (stem cells) derived from fat and spongy tissue inside the large bones and injected into defects created in rat skulls. Cells derived from both tissues developed into fat cells and bone-forming cells. The combination of cells from fat and spongy tissue exhibited cooperative effects to increase bone repair with an advantage when cells from spongy tissue were injected prior to cells from fat. Our findings may contribute to stablish new therapies based on the use of cells to treat large bone defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]