Search

Background; Herbal medicine is the world's oldest type of healthcare. Hibiscus rosa flower and leave extracts are used as natural remedies to treat various diseases, and as a reversible antifertility for males. Aim and objectives; this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of nanoparticles to improve the impact of Hibiscus rosa flower extract as an anti-fertility substance. Animals and methods; twenty male albino rats were divided into five groups: G1 (-ve control): treated with normal saline (0.2 ml per day), G2 (+ve control): treated with nanoparticles (300mg empty liposome per day), G3: treated with flower extract nanoparticles (100mg/kg per day), G4: treated with flower extract nanoparticles (200mg/kg per day), and last group G5: treated with flower extract nanoparticles (300mg/kg per day). Sperm function tests (sperm concentration, sperm motility percent, and sperm viability percent) were estimated after the treatment in the five groups after 55 days of daily treatment. Besides, the diagnosis of compounds in the extracts of palmic acid “ethyl ester”, ascorbic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid “methyl ester”, methyl stearate, oleic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, eicosane, heptadecane, 1-(1,5-dimethyl hexyl, fumaric acid, butanediol, stigmasterol, and beta-sitosterol, was performed using gas chromatography-mass (GC/MS) method.

The nanoparticles of ZnO biosynthesis have distinctive features. many researchers have noted it cute to research in diverse research disciplines due to modern medical applications. different NPS have been estimated for their potential usage in which zinc oxide (ZnO) nps have confirmed to be a viable replacement for treating environmental pollutants, due to their excellent capacity to absorbed rays of UV. The purchase seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum, clove buds, and leaves of the Salvia officinalis plant from the local market and extracted by hot plate methods. the purpose of the current study was the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles (NPS) from the different above extracts followed by a comprehensive characterization and assessment of their biological potential. no-NPS synthesized as such was subjected to characterization employment standard techniques such as particle size and tem. highly stable crystalline NPS with sizes between 32.6 and 142.7 nm were obtained from different plants. These Nps revealed a wide range of biological applications showing antioxidant, moderate α-amylase inhibitors, antibacterial and cytotoxic powers. in addition to the percentage of s. epidermidis and k. pneumonia isolated from human and children was recorded mean (40 and 60.4 %) respectively. The highest antibacterial activity (17±0.10 mm and 18±0.09) was shown by seed salvia Officinalis-mediated ZnO NPS against k and s. epidermidis respectively. on the other aspect the result obtained from using silymarin and the mediated zinc nanoparticles showed limited zone inhibition (15 ± 0.09, 15 ± 0.15, and 8 ± 0.02, 8 ± 0.02) respectively. Among all of the NPS synthesized and used, the effect of seed extract-mediated NPS was found to be most promising for future applications.

Today, despite the existence of various chemical and physical treatments for wound healing, the use of traditional medicine including herbal medicine is still widely used in most developed and developing countries.To investigate the antimicrobial and wound-healing activities of alcoholic extract of Boswellia carterii (BC) plant.The BC extract was prepared using alcohol 70%. The chemical groups and extract compounds were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, respectively. The antimicrobial and wound-healing activities of different concentrations of BC extract and its combination with penicillin-streptomycin were assessed by agar well diffusion and infected wound model in albino rabbits, respectively.FTIR revealed the presence of hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, alkyl C-H stretches, aromatic C=C bends, and aromatic C-H bends in the BC extract. The HPLC revealed 14 different compounds including thujene (48.0%) as the most abundant ingredient. All BC concentrations showed antibacterial and wound-healing activities. The 10% concentration of BC extract had the strongest antibacterial effect. Also, the combination of penicillin-streptomycin with BC extract showed synergistic antibacterial effect. The 5% concentration of BC was the best wound-healing compound which healed the wound in 6 days and decreased the wound size 10 mm each day.This study demonstrated the potential abilities of BC as an antibacterial and wound-healing medicinal plant. Further studies are required to justify the in vivo use of this plant.

Background Silymarin (SMN) is a natural component polyphenolic purified from Silybum marianum (milk thistle) seeds. SMN can control reactive oxygen species and converts them into compounds with minimizing their toxicity. Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of silymarin nanoparticles on sperm parameters of rats induced diabetes by alloxan. Methods: Firstly gas liquid chromatography (GCMS) was utilized to identification active compound in milk thistle, then the preparation of silymarin -TPGS nanoparticles: Nanoparticles of silymarin of were prepared by the Nano precipitation. Forty Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups, control, induced diabetic with 150mg/kg of alloxan I.p, group three and four induced diabetic and treated with milk thistle extract and nanoparticles at a dose of 100 mg/kg.bw daily orally, for 60 days, Blood was collected from heart puncture for estimate serum FSH, L.H, and testosterone, then animal sacrificed to evaluate sperm quality and quantity as well as the histopathological section of tests. Results: Biochemical inspection appear that SMN nanoparticles improved sperm quality and quantity when compared with untreated and SMN groups. SMN nanoparticles appear to have therapeutic effects as an antioxidant against alloxan-induced damage in rat testes. Conclusions: Silymarin nanoparticles can be considered as a hopeful herbal as complementary medicine which may play a significant role to save normal spermatocytes against ROS effects-induced reproductive damage.

In breast cancer treatment, chemotherapy resistance is a major problem where many receptive tumors rebound and develop resistance. When provided in combination, cancer drugs are most successful, thus reducing the risk of developing resistant cancer cells. However, the evaluation of combination therapies has increased rapidly in recent years. Consequently, by repurposing old treatments, the discovery of additional medicines that may interact synergistically with chemotherapy is considered a current medical aim through discovering a new cancer medication or therapeutic strategy. The purpose of this research is to increase the anti-cancer activity of carboplatin (CP) by increasing the apoptotic effect of breast cancer cells (MCF-7) during in vitro experiments in combination with oxytetracycline. Our results showed a high synergistic effect between oxytetracycline and carboplatin, MCF-7 representative cell treated with carboplatin with/without different concentrations of oxytetracycline (5% and 10% of IC50). Oxytetracycline, which potentiated the action of carboplatin and/or had notable activity was reported as a single agent. This research demonstrated the synergistic relationship between oxytetracycline and carboplatin in viability assays. Surprisingly, our findings suggest that inhibiting treatment strategies can extend carboplatin’s therapeutic window, potentially allowing for cancer therapy. No tratamento do câncer de pulmão a resistência à quimioterapia é o maior problema no qual muitos tumores receptivos apresentam um rebote e desenvolvem a resistência. Quando oferecidas em combinações, as drogas anticancerígenas apresentam maior taxa de sucesso, reduzindo assim o risco de desenvolvimento de células cancerígenas resistentes. Contudo, a avaliação das terapias de combinação tem crescido muito rapidamente. Consequentemente, por reaproveitamento de tratamentos antigos, a descoberta de novos medicamentos adicionais que podem interagir sinergicamente com a quimioterapia que é considerada como auxílio médico na corrente busca à descoberta de novas medicações anticancerígenas ou estratégias terapêuticas. O propósito da presente pesquisa é aumentar a atividade anticancerígena da Carboplatina (CP) pelo incremento do efeito apoptótico de células de câncer pulmonar (MCF-7) em experimentos in vitro pela combinação com oxitetraciclina. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram elevado efeito sinérgico entre oxitetraciclina e Carboplatina em células MCF-7 representativas tratadas com Carboplatina, com e sem diferentes concentrações de oxitetraciclina (5% e 10% de IC50). A oxitetracilina que potencializou a ação da Carboplatina e/ou teve uma notável atividade relatada como um agente isolado. A pesquisa demonstrou a relação sinérgica entre oxitetraxiclina e Carboplatina nos ensaios de viabilidade. Surpreendentemente, os resultados obtidos sugeriram que as estratégias de tratamento inibidor podem aplicar uma janela terapêutica da Carboplatina com potencial para a terapia do câncer.

Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the most common cause of Emergency Room (ER) visits in the pediatric age group. Severe TBI can result in impairment of higher cognitive functions and can also limit physiological functions like motor, speech and emotional problems. This study was carried out to evaluate the outcomes of TBI among pediatric patients presenting in ER. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 175 pediatric patients visiting the emergency room with a diagnosis of traumatic brain injury. Patient with moderate to severe traumatic head injury within 72 hours and those aged 1 - 15 years were included. Glasgow coma scale was used to assess and grade the severity of the TBI. Glasgow Outcome Scale was used to grade the outcomes following TBI. Results: As per the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), majority of the participants were graded with mild disability and good recovery (64%), while 6 patients were graded to be dead and 4.6% of the participants were graded to be in vegetative state. In this study, significant correlation between severity of the TBI and its outcome. Moderate TBI was associated with better outcomes compared to severe TBI. The association was found to be statistically significant (p

D-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (Vitamin E TPGS) has been approved as a safe pharmaceutical adjuvant by FDA, and several drug delivery systems (DDS) based on TPGS have been developed. TPGS properties as a P-gp inhibitor, solubilizer/absorption and permeation enhancer in drug delivery and TPGS-related formulations such as nanocrystals, nanosuspensions, tablets/solid dispersions, vaccine system adjuvant, nutritional supplement, film plasticizer, anticancer reagent, and so on, are discussed in this review. Consequenly, TPGS can inhibit ATP-dependent P-glycoprotein activity and act as a potent excipient that promotes the efficiency of delivery and the therapeutic effect of drugs. Inhibition of P-gp occurs through mitochondria-dependent inhibition of the P-gp pump. Many of the latest studies address the use of TPGS for many poorly water-soluble or permeable drugs in the manufacture of nanodrugs or other formulations. In addition, it has been reported that TPGS shows a robust improvement in chylomicron secretion at low concentrations and improves intestinal lymphatic transport, which would also boost the potential of drug absorption. It also indicates that there are still many problems facing clinical translation of TPGS-based nanomedicines, requiring a more deep evaluation of TPGS properties and a future-based delivery method.

Dilsel terkipler bir dilin menşei sayılırlar. Ayrıca bu terkipler, fikirleri ve kelami tasvirleri barındıran dilsel şablonlara benzerler ve bu şekilde dilsel düzenin tabiatı idrak edilir. Dilsel iletişimde temel amaç terkiplerle gerçekleştiği gibi herhangi bir dilin eğitim ve öğretiminde bu terkiplerin öğretimi önem arz etmektedir. İkinci bir dili öğrenenlerden, bu dille ilgili basit dilsel terkipleri çokça duyarız. Onlar bu terkiplerle öğrenmeye çalıştıkları dilde bunu çokça tekrar ederler; bu tekrarlar dilin sentaks yapısının iyice anlaşılmasına sebeb olmaktadır. Bundan dolayı herhangi bir dilin öğrenimi, o dilin terkiplerini öğrenme ve farklı farklı diyaloglarla gerçekleşen bu dilsel edinim dilin sentaks yapısının anlaşılmasina vesile olmaktadır. Terkiplerin bu dilsel gerekliğinden dolayı konu derinlemesine irdelenmiştir. Terkipler bütün dillerde olduğu gibi Arapçada da dilsel terkiplere taalluk eden her şey planlama dahilindedir. Dil öğretimde dilsel tablonun açık bir şekilde beyan edilmesi, özelliklerinin ortaya çıkarılması dil öğrenme yetisinin genişletilmesi gerekirmektedir. Bu araştırmada ele alınan bu konu, konu ile ilgili eski ve yeni görüşleri içinde barındıran modern dillerin programına uygun olarak dilbilimsel açıdan ele alınmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Dil, Dil Sistemi, Arapça Terkipler, Lafız ve Mana, Dil Öğrenm The linguistic compositions are the core of the comprehensible language (spoken and written) and resemble the linguistic template that contains the ideas and verbal images, also recognize the nature of the language system, and verifies the linguistic communication, which is the fundamental goal and the main goal in the teaching and learning of any language, we often hear short sentences and phrases from those learning second language and repeating it with the language that they are trying to acquire and understand it, So learning any language means learning their structures and memorizing compositions in different dialogues, for that, this study revolves around this situation and everything related to the Arabic linguistic compositions, in analyzing their systems, characteristics and their effect of the language acquisition and the expansion of the linguistic vocabulary. It is worth to be mentioned; this research investigated its material from Linguistics and modern linguistic sciences according to a methodology which deals with the ancient and modern.Key Words: Language, Linguistic system, Arabic compositions, Verbal and meaning, Language acquisition. 122

Background: The presentation of minor head trauma warrants immediate and accurate diagnosis for early clinical management among children. Computed Tomography is the gold standard tool for the diagnosis of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) among the children. The timing of presentation may have a significant role in predicting the incidence of TBI. This study was done to compare the CT findings among children who presented within and after 24 hours with minor head trauma.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 992 children between 2-15 years reporting with a history of head injury. All the participants were clinically examined, and relevant history of type of injury and timing of presentation was recorded. CT scan was taken as per PECARN criteria. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS ver 15 software.Results: Majority of the participants belonged to 6-10 years of age (45.2%) and were males (58.5%). About 81.7% of the participants presented within 24 hours. The overall prevalence of TBI among the study participants was 58.6% [55.5-61.6].It was observed that hematoma predominantly presented after 24 hours (74.2%) and majority of the falls presented after 24 hours (92.8%).Patients who presented after 24 hours were at increased risk of presenting as TBI (67.03%) compared to those presenting within 24 hours (56.8%;p

Background: Minor head injury is the most common presentation in the emergency room for pediatric cases. Though most of them present with intact consciousness, there is an increased risk of primary and secondary brain damage, owing to several mechanical and cellular pathophysiological changes following trauma. Computed Tomography (CT) is the gold standard diagnostic tool for trauma; however, it has been reported that 30% of CT examinations are unwarranted. This study was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic validity of clinical examination in pediatric minor head trauma.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 355 patients between 1-15 years of age presenting to the ER, who had closed minor head trauma and loss of consciousness. Patients with GCS of 13-15 were included. A thorough clinical examination including head and neck was carried out. All the participants were subjected to CT examination. Data was entered and analyzed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.Results: The prevalence of minor head trauma detected by CT examination was 21.4%. The sensitivity and specificity of clinical examination were 71% and 63.8% respectively. The negative predictive value of the screening test was 89%.Conclusions: The value of clinical examination in detecting minor head trauma may be well complemented by the development of standardized clinical criteria which may be evaluated for its diagnostic capability. Following efficient clinical tool will minimize CT examinations and thereby prevent lethal complications due to radiation overdose in the pediatric population.

BACKGROUND Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) that transforms to Richter syndrome (RS) frequently show atypical lymphocytes in bone marrow; however, a diagnosis of RS requires confirmation of the presence of sheets of large cells in bone marrow or lymph nodes. METHODS In this study, the authors evaluated the clinical significance of scattered large cells in bone marrow. They assessed the possibility of predicting transformation to RS in bone marrow smears by counting the percentages of prolymphocytes and large cells in 78 patients with CLL and 29 patients with lymph node biopsy-confirmed RS. RESULTS The percentage of large cells was found to be correlated with decreasing survival in a continuous fashion (P = 0.006). It is interesting to note that patients who had > 7% large cells in the bone marrow and elevated β2-microglobulin (β2-M) levels (> 5 mg/L) had a survival duration identical to that of patients with RS, and these factors together were a strong predictor of RS (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with CLL who had bone marrow that contained > 7% large cells and who had β2-M levels > 5 mg/L had a disease that was similar to RS, and the combination of large cells and β2-M can be used as a surrogate marker for RS. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.

The focus of recent research on square planar Pt(II) diimine dithiolate complexes has been to understand molecular factors that influence their excited state properties and to develop diad and triad systems based on them for use in light-driven reactions. Regarding the former, two series of Pt(diimine)(dithiolate) complexes have been synthesized and studied. All of the compounds display solvatochromic absorption bands and solution luminescence attributable to metal/dithiolate-to-diimine charge transfer excited states of the same orbital parentage. The excited-state energies can be tuned by approximately 1 eV through ligand variation. Excited-state redox potentials have been estimated for all of the complexes from spectroscopic and electrochemical data, and electron transfer quenching rate constants show the expected driving force dependence. Analogous Au(III) systems have been synthesized and characterized including molecular structure determinations of a cationic diimine dithiolate system and a neutral C-deprotonated-2-phenylpyridine derivative. Striking differences exist in the electronic structures of these Au(III) complexes from those of the Pt(II) systems, underscoring the key role of the metal in the excited state structure of the latter. The creation of diads and triads is being undertaken with ligand bridges capable of connecting the Pt(diimine)(dithiolate) moiety with other metal centers. Toward that end, complexes of dipyridocatecholate (dpcat) have been synthesized and characterized. These complexes may serve as models for the linking of chromophore and quencher components of a possible photosynthetic system. The dpcat complexes have been characterized by absorption and steady-state emission spectroscopies. Luminescence and redox properties of these and a related system containing a tetrapyridophenazine (tppz) bridge are described.

The heterobimetallic sulfido cluster CpEt2Mo2Co2S4(CO)2 was oxidized to give a series of 58-VSE (valence shell electron) electron-deficient clusters of the type CpEt2Mo2Co2S4(X)2 (X = I, Br, Cl, SP...

A series of new bimetallic sulfido clusters, Cp#2M2M‘2S4(NO)2 (Cp# = C5Me2Et, C5Me5, C5H5; M = Mo, W; M‘ = Fe, Co) have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. Two new tungsten carbonyl clusters, Cp*2W2Co2S4(CO)2 and CpEt2W2Co2S3(CO)5, were also synthesized and the structure of the latter determined. The structural systematics are related to the redox properties and to the electronic structure of the clusters.

Two Au(III) dithiolate complexes, [Au(dbbpy)(tdt)]PF(6) and Au(eta(2)-C,N-ppy)(tdt), (dbbpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine; tdt = 3,4-toluenedithiolate; ppy = C-deprotonated 2-phenylpyridine), have been prepared and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. The complexes have low-energy absorption bands that exhibit mild solvatochromism (lambda(max) = 444 nm (epsilon, 2310 M(-)(1) cm(-)(1)) in CH(2)Cl(2) and 406 nm (epsilon, 3170 M(-)(1) cm(-)(1)) in DMSO) and are tentatively assigned to a charge-transfer-to-diimine transition. This transition occurs at higher energy than the analogous charge-transfer transition in related Pt(II) complexes (e.g., Pt(dbbpy)(tdt), lambda(max) = 563 nm (epsilon, 7200 M(-)(1) cm(-)(1)). Whereas neither Au(III) complex is emissive, their respective dichloride precursors, [Au(dbbpy)Cl(2)]PF(6) and Au(eta(2)-C,N-ppy)Cl(2), luminesce in low-temperature glass matrixes from an excited state that is tentatively assigned as intraligand pi-pi. The neutral complex, Au(eta(2)-C,N-ppy)(tdt), is more easily oxidized (E(ox) = 0.925 V vs 1.589 V (vs NHE)) and less easily reduced (E(red) = -1.339 V vs -0.255 V (vs NHE)) than the cationic complex, [Au(dbbpy)(tdt)]PF(6). Both dithiolate complexes exhibit approximately square planar coordination. Yellow crystals of [Au(dbbpy)(tdt)]PF(6) (C(25)H(30)AuF(6)N(2)PS(2)) are triclinic, space group Ponemacr; (No. 2), with a = 7.1977(2) Å, b = 11.7292(1) Å, c = 17.5820(5) Å, alpha = 104.537(2) degrees, beta = 96.592(2) degrees, gamma = 102.455(2) degrees, V = 1380.41(6) Å(3), Z = 2, and final R = 0.050 (R(w) = 0.1062) for 3446 unique reflections. Orange crystals of Au(eta(2)-C,N-ppy)(tdt) (C(18)H(14)AuNS(2)) are monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c (No. 14), with a = 8.852(1) Å, b = 11.726(2) Å, c = 15.499(5) Å, beta = 101.34(2) degrees, V = 1577.5(6) Å(3), Z = 4, and final R = 0.0438 (R(w) = 0.0759) for 3685 unique reflections. A structural trans effect in Au(eta(2)-C,N-ppy)(tdt) results in a significantly longer Au-S distance (ca. 0.1 Å) trans to the Au-C bond than that trans to the Au-N bond. In the solid state, the [Au(dbbpy)(tdt)](+) cations are arranged in stacks with alternating intermolecular Au.Au separations of 3.60 and 3.75 Å while the Au(eta(2)-C,N-ppy)(tdt) molecules form stacks with an intermolecular Au.Au separation of 3.81 Å.