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1. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on medical students’ mental health and sleep quality in Jordan: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Author

Adnan Raed Alnaser, Rayan M. Joudeh, Osama A. Zitoun, Abdelkader Battah, Israa Al-Odat, Mohammad Jum’ah, and Arwa A. Battah

Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic, Psychological distress, Mental health, Sleep quality, Medical students, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Abstract Background COVID-19 pandemic is expected to affect the mental health, especially among medical students. Data from the literature in Jordan are scarce, especially during the second wave of the pandemic. We aimed to assess medical students’ level of fear, prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms—represented in psychological distress (PD)—and sleep quality (SQ) amid the current pandemic of COVID-19. A total of 2104 students were included through convenient sampling from the six schools of Medicine in Jordan. Online-based questionnaire using Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) scale, Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), and Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) was used to collect the data. Chi-square, t-tests, and ANOVA were used to establish the associations. Results 88.4% and 47.4% of the students were found to have PD and poor or just fair sleep quality on SQS, respectively, with PD ranging from mild (18.6%) to severe (42.1%). Calculated FCV-19S score was 14.62 (SD=5.38), indicating high level of fear. Students with excellent SQ had significantly lower rates of depression, anxiety, and PD as compared to those with good, fair, and poor SQ (P < 0.001 for all). Conclusion Jordanian medical students appear to be especially susceptible to COVID-19 pandemic impact on mental health and reported high rates of PD. While rates of COVID-19 fear are still considered high, they are remarkably lower than that reported in early studies. We strongly recommend providing resources and access to professional mental health care to students reporting poor SQ and/or symptoms of anxiety and depression. Limitations Using a cross-sectional design, online-based survey, convenient sampling, and scarcity of local literature are among the inevitable limitations caused by the pandemic that have prevented us from drawing cause-effect associations.

Published
2021
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3. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on medical students’ mental health and sleep quality in Jordan: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Author

Osama A. Zitoun, Mohammad Jum’ah, Adnan Raed Alnaser, Rayan M. Joudeh, Israa Al-Odat, Arwa Battah, and Abdelkader Battah

Subjects
Psychiatry, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Cross-sectional study, Research, education, RC435-571, COVID-19 pandemic, Psychological distress, Sleep quality, Affect (psychology), Medical students, Mental health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Scale (social sciences), Pandemic, Medicine, Anxiety, medicine.symptom, business, Depression (differential diagnoses)
Abstract

Background COVID-19 pandemic is expected to affect the mental health, especially among medical students. Data from the literature in Jordan are scarce, especially during the second wave of the pandemic. We aimed to assess medical students’ level of fear, prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms—represented in psychological distress (PD)—and sleep quality (SQ) amid the current pandemic of COVID-19. A total of 2104 students were included through convenient sampling from the six schools of Medicine in Jordan. Online-based questionnaire using Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) scale, Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), and Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) was used to collect the data. Chi-square, t-tests, and ANOVA were used to establish the associations. Results 88.4% and 47.4% of the students were found to have PD and poor or just fair sleep quality on SQS, respectively, with PD ranging from mild (18.6%) to severe (42.1%). Calculated FCV-19S score was 14.62 (SD=5.38), indicating high level of fear. Students with excellent SQ had significantly lower rates of depression, anxiety, and PD as compared to those with good, fair, and poor SQ (P < 0.001 for all). Conclusion Jordanian medical students appear to be especially susceptible to COVID-19 pandemic impact on mental health and reported high rates of PD. While rates of COVID-19 fear are still considered high, they are remarkably lower than that reported in early studies. We strongly recommend providing resources and access to professional mental health care to students reporting poor SQ and/or symptoms of anxiety and depression. Limitations Using a cross-sectional design, online-based survey, convenient sampling, and scarcity of local literature are among the inevitable limitations caused by the pandemic that have prevented us from drawing cause-effect associations.

Published
2021

4. Knowledge of and attitude toward venous thromboembolism among professional drivers in Saudi Arabia

Author

Ammar S. A. Hashemi, Juliann Saquib, Abdullah Abdulaziz Abdulwahab Khojah, Mohamed Abdelghafour Ali, Adnan Raed Alnaser, Abdulrahman Almazrou, Tawfik Mamoun Rajab, Bandar Alsabban, Nazmus Saquib, Ammar Y. E. Musa, and Eltayeb A. Albasheer

Subjects
education.field_of_study, medicine.medical_specialty, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, business.industry, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Population, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Saudi Arabia, Disease, Venous Thromboembolism, equipment and supplies, Toxicology, medicine.disease, Pulmonary embolism, Risk Factors, Medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, education, business, Intensive care medicine, Pulmonary Embolism, Venous thromboembolism, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Evidence suggests that professional drivers are at risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE), a life-threatening yet preventable disease. Awareness of VTE among this population has not been assessed in the Middle East. The study aimed to assess professional drivers' awareness of VTE and attitudes toward VTE preventive measures. We used a validated VTE awareness questionnaire to interview 324 drivers in Saudi Arabia during February-March 2020. Knowledge about VTE was the lowest compared to other medical conditions. Less than a third (31.8%) of the drivers were aware of VTE. Only 15.7% of those with prior awareness correctly identified all four deep vein thrombosis symptoms, and only 7.4% correctly identified all five pulmonary embolism symptoms. A significant proportion believed in unrelated practices for VTE prevention. Health promotion campaigns are urgently needed to raise awareness and to promote healthy behaviors.

Published
2021

5. EPIdemiology of Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury (EPIS-AKI): study protocol for a multicentre, observational trial

Author

Weiss, Raphael, Saadat-Gilani, Khaschayar, Kerschke, Laura, Wempe, Carola, Meersch, Melanie, Zarbock, Alexander Hichem Makhloufi, Anis, Cherak, Lamine Lakhel Ghanem, Zohier, Gouaglia, Dina Nasrine Guadouri, Fayrouz Naouel Hama, Mustafa, Kara, Omayma, Saadi, Rachida, Sakhraoui, Fadila, Bourou, Abdelhadi, Cherifi, Rahmoune Ghania Sadaoui, Amel, Ouyahia, Ilhem, Ouahab, Souad, Bouaoud, Meriem, Abdoun, Anisse, Tidjane, Benali, Tabeti, Nabil, Boudjenan-Serradj, Carlos Jose Pérez Rivera, Paulo, Cabrer, Julián, Corso, Juan Pablo García, Sharon, Idarraga, Christopher, Montoya, Rafael, Figueroa, Eduar, Aldana, María Alejandra Torrado, Peng, Ke, Zheng-Min, Ma, Yu-Fan, Yang, Ya-Juan, Zhu, Peter, Sklienka, Michal, Frelich, Vojtech, Jarkulis, Pavel, Sevcik, Vojtech, Vodicka, Mohamed Gamal Elbahnasawy, Shady, Elsalhawy, Sara, Motawea, Zeinab, Othman, Mohamed, Sahma, Ahmed Mahmoud Nafea, Nermin, Ahmed, Doaa Ali Attia, Moataz Maher Emara, Mohamed Mamdouh Bonna, Mohamed Ahmed Gabr, Amany Ismail Tarbay, Ibrahim Abdelmonaem Abdehaleem, Esraa Elsayed Mohamed, Amr Mahmoud Eldeeb, Ahmed Mohamed Abbas, John Ashraf Magdy, Zyad Hassan Hamed, Hany Mostafa Esmaeil Osman, Mostafa Samy Abbas, Oliver, Joannes-Boyau, Nicolas, Barraud, Corentin, Berthelot, Thibault, Camus, Anissa, Dahmi, Mylène, Defaye, Sébastien, Derville, Younes, El-Boustani, Elsa, Deloge, Hélène, Jacob, Simon, Monziols, Fred, Priem, Jean-Jacques, Robin, Vincent, Legros, Therry, Floch, Salvatore, Muccio, Claire, Geneve, Marie Lim Legouge, Stéphanie Tao Mauny, Willy, Mfam, Léa, Pascot, Christophe, Aveline, Mireille, Chartier, Benjamin, Duteurtre, Jean Francois Gautier, Aidren Le Cousin, Pierre, Vautier, Julien, Nadaud, Nathalie, Begel, Claire-Annissa, Chekirine, Vincent, Derlon, Elodie, Grein, Marie-Annick, Lehair, Laurent, Magazzeni, Philippe, Magazzeni, Carsten, Potter, Catherine, Roth, Florence, Voivret, Thomas, Rimmelé, Valérie, Cerro, Stéphanie, Suria, Jamil, Elmawieh, Annabelle, Stoclin, Cédric, Cirenei, Gregoire, Andrieu, Sven, Couloumy, Jeremy, Falcone, Marion, Fajardy, Arsène, Gagneuil, Emeline, Girardet, Agnès, Mazereeuw, Sébastien, Ponsonnard, Pierre-Yves, Egreteau, Mélanie, Bertel, Simon, Bocher, Vanessa, Carn, Lenaïg Le Guen, Guillaume Le Loup, Montaine, Lefevre, Carole, Ichai, Amanita, Diop, Vanessa, Jean-Michel, Sylvie, Devlieger, Juliette, Duthoit, Mohamed El Kadiri, Maxime, Léger, Viviane, Cassisa, Sigismond, Lasocki, Charline, Masson, Emmanuel, Rineau, Pierre, Verrier, Axel, Coquerel, Philippe, Montravers, Enora, Atchade, Charles-Edouard, Rochon, Céline, Delerue, Vidal, Quentin, Vanessa, Latry, Nina, Queixalos, Vincent, Cottenceau, Thierry, Braun, Saad, Bouzoubaa, Basile, Christ, Audrey, Geiger, Joachim, Gomille, Vianney, Kieffer, Simone, Mangeant, Christelle, Prochilo, Christian, Schmitt, Stefan, Skwirba, Hubert, Grand, Frédérique, Boury, Nicolas, Mayeur, Marie, Pasquie, Pierre, Garçon, Vincent, Bruckert, Vincent, Arnould, Mona, Bonciu, Thibault, Chapelle, Luc, Facchino, Florence, Fagot-Gandet, Andrea, Iachim, Elena, Mannu, Olivier, Perus, Rémi, Plattier, Romain, Rozier, Gaël, Pradel, Michel, Boudinaud, Marie-Hélène, Hausermann, My Hue Nguyen, Andersen, Ramorasata, Amélie, Barreau, Anne-Hélène, Boivin, Céline, Ravry, Nicolas, Mottard, Johanne, Beuvelot, Florence Prunier Bossion, Olivier, Desebbe, Alexander, Zarbock, Christian, Dörr, Thilo Caspar von Groote, Mira, Küllmar, Christina, Massoth, Melanie, Meersch, Khaschayar, Saadat-Gilani, Raphael, Weiss, Carola, Wempe, Sebastian, Ziemann, Linda, Grüßer, Ana, Kowark, Pia, Wittig, Timo, Brandenburger, Thomas, Dimski, Niklas, Döhmen, Laura, Huthmann, Daniela, Kaierle, Claude, Pelletier, Manon, Schleß, Andreas, Hohn, Sebastian, Cleophas, Stephanie, Haunhorst, Marina, Jansen, Alexandra, Schmitt, Julia, Soisch, Kilian, Sturm, Peter, Rosenberger, Alexander, Bendig, Lena, Flohr, Helene, Häberle, Pascal, Hofmann, Jonathan, Kuhle, Nora Michaela Leser, Kathrin, Pfister, Stefanie, Prohaska, Franziska, Sennholz, Lena, Stetz, Kathrin, Weber, Sebastian, Stehr, Stephan, Klaus, Marco, Sadlo, Matthias, Boschin, Christian, Sengelhoff, Ulrich Michael Göbel, Jan Gerrit Haaker, Carina-Kristin, Göttker, Matthias, Gründel, Matthias, Heringlake, Romina, Baumgärtel, Astrid, Berggren, Madeleine, Gülzow, Lennart, Muras, Hauke, Paarmann, Serge, Thal, Alexander, Bentley, Dschamil, El-Masri, Anne, Sebastiani, Eleni, Arnaoutoglou, Maria, Ntalouka, Paula, Stratigopoulou, Anastasia, Analytis, Efthymios, Mavrommatis, Petros, Tzimas, Agathi, Karakosta, Danai, Pantazi, Antonia, Dimakopoulou, Katerina, Dimitropoulou, Orestis, Ioannidis, Humam, Jalaawiy, Aeshah, Anwar, Hashim Talib Hashim, Hogir Imad Rasheed Aldawoody, Andrea, Cortegiani, Giulia, Catalisano, Gilia, Ingoglia, Mariachiara, Ippolito, De Rosa, Silvia, Lucia, Cattin, Andrea, Bianchin, Marisa, Barone, Gianluca, Paternoster, Salvatore Lucio Cutuli, Andrea, Russo, Liliana, Sollazzi, Laura, Cascarano, Massimo, Antonelli, Paola, Aceto, Bruno, Romanò, Savino, Spadaro, Vincenzo Francesco Tripodi, Michele, Rossi, Rosamaria, Scappatura, Maria Cristina Vadalà, Diego, Fiume, Maria Teresa Strano, Giulia, Oddo, Clemente, Santorsola, Bilal Abu Hussain, Adnan Raed Alnaser, Anas Hassouneh Ghassan, Khaled, Hasanein, Mohammed, Theab, Seokyung, Shin, Seungho, Jung, Kyuho, Lee, Sung Mee Jung, Jongyoon, Baek, Muhammed, K Elhadi, Issa, Abuzeid, Mohammed, Albaraesi, Sarah, Aldressi, Wegdan, Khalel, Eman, Abdulwahed, Akram Abdulhamid Ashur Abujrad, Amer, Almaghrabi, Muhand Mohammed Alteleeb, Entisar Ahmed Ali Alshareea, Marwa Isa Biala, Abdulqudus, Deeknah, Dooua Ali Gheddim, Reem, Ghmagh, Nawras Salih Ali AbuIkhrays, Marwa, Sinan, Enas, Soula, Sumayyah Ghayth Bahroun, Khawla, Derwish, Aya Munir Mohamed, Eman Sayed Younes, Rayet Al Islam Benjouira, Mohamed, Aliwa, Najwa Abdullah Altashani, Mohammed Omar Alteb, Ahmed, Msherghi, Fatima, Alagelli, Sufyan, Albarouni, Ahmed, Albishti, Sarah, Aljamal, Mohamed, Alsori, Taha, Ekhuja, Suha, Elzwai, Mohammed, Ghula, Tahani, Mustafa, Ahmed, Tuwaib, Haifa, Zriba, Hamza Mahmoud Agilla, Toky Andriamahefa Rafanomezantsoa, Anne Marie Camilleri Podesta, Denise Mifsud Bonnici, Tiziana, Pirotta, Gilberto Adrián Gasca López, Maja Mojsova Mijovska, Tatjana, Davitkovska, Aleksandra, Gavrilovska, Sanja, Lukikj, Marija, Vesova, Dina, Zafirova, Sarah, Amro, Baraa N, F Hajjaj, Muawia, Alkhazendar, Yousuf, Barakat, Sewar Abdulaziz Elejla, Ahmed, Elhissi, Ahmed, Khader, Ali, Salem, Rita de Freitas Regufe, André Filipe de Oliveira Eloy, Lisbete Marisa Neto Cordeiro Perdigão, Evgeny, Grigoriev, Artem, Ivkin, Roman, Kornelyuk, Michael, Yaroustovsky, Marina, Abramyan, Ekaterina, Komardina, Nataliya, Lesteva, Medina, Aybazova, Elmira, Kumykova, Svetlana, Lesina, Gennady, Rybakov, Alexey, Shestov, Abdulnaser Ahmad Ahmad Barmou, Bushra Lotfi Altayeb Ahmed, Aisha Mohammad Eliyas, Yousra, Emadeldin, Alexander, Kaserer, Clara, Castellucci, Julian, Rössler, Samira, Akbas, Andreja Möller Petrun, Irena, Gregorcic, Vesna, Sok, Roman, Čičak, Elizabeth, Bárcena, Antonio, Guisado, Ismail, Wi, Javier Ripollés Melchor, Ángel, Becerra-Bolaños, Sergio, Cabrera-Doreste, Ancor, Domínguez-Arbelo, María Candelaria Delgado-Alonso, Virginia, Muiño-Palomar, Aurelio, Rodríguez-Pérez, Javier Mata Estévez, Maria Begona Covas Munoz, Juan Mulet Matas, Sara Perez Palao, Maria Dolores Mira Quirós, Alisia Cezara Teslev, Mercedes Garcia Alvarez, Marga, Argilaga, María, Campos, Albert, Bainac, Astrid, Batalla, Marta, Giné, Gracia, Herránz, Ignacio, Hinojal, Margarita Logroño Ejea, Noelia de la Rosa Ruiz, María Gastaca Abasolo, Carla Rosario Houhton Acuna, Ibai Iriarte Zaranton, Ana, Mendigurenmurua, María José Munoz Sanz, Erika Olea de la Fuente, María Pilar Pérez Vaquero, Ana Soto Iglesias, Ana Ugarte Mieres, Alaitz Urtiaga Urrestizala, Lourdes, Ferreira, Félix, Lobato, Marta Aguado Sevilla, Andres, Erazo, Pere, Miró, Sergi, Sabaté, Diana, Vernetta, Berta Castellano Paulis, Anabel Adell Perez, Marta Aseguinolaza Pagola, Elena delVal Peciña, Ainhoa Garmendia Odriozola, Amaia Lopetegi Aizpurua, Olatz Pavón Piquer, Pilar Plou Garcia, Paula Ortega Rezola, Antia Osorio Lopez, Isabel de la Calle Gil, Rosalía Navarro Casado, Peter, Adamove, Roser Bayona Domenge, Francho Miguel Blasco Blasco, Adriana Alexandra Rueda Villamizar, Maria Antonia Perelló Llaneras, Jose Ignacio García-Sánchez, Laura Fernandez Téllez, Sara García Zamorano, Natalia Gijón Herreros, Andrea Rodriguez Esteve, Pablo Monedero Rodríguez, Isabel García Trigo, Agustín, Alcaraz, Andrea Lara Jiménez, Iñigo, Rubio, Nuria, García, Raquel, Callejas, Angel Manuel Candela Toha, Eli, Claros, Pilar, Cobeta, Pascual, Crespo, Trini, Dorado, Elena, Elías, Javier, Felices, Diego, Gil, María, Gómez, Nuria, Mané, María, Martín, Adolfo, Martínez, Lucía, Pereira, Alberto Balvis Noemí Samaranch, Ana, Serrano, Carlos, Tiscar, Judith, Villahoz, Patricia Galán Menéndez, Elena, Cardona, Anna, Conesa, Veronica, Estepa, Patricia, Galán, Laura Llinares Espí, Yuri Loaiza Aldeán, Susana, Manrique, Víctor Morales Ariza, Laura Villarino Villa, Elfayadh Saidahmed Mohamed Amed Suliman, Hytham, Hamid, Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim, Modather Mohamed Saeed, Orhan Sungur Mukadder, Demet, Altun, Nur, Canbolat, Müşerref Beril Dinçer, Tulay Özkan Seyhan, Serap Aktaş Yıldırım, Müzeyyen, İyigün, Davut, Yapıcı, Levent, Özdemir, Aslinur, Sagun, Neval, Boztug, Yesim, Cetintas, Bora, Dinc, Emel, Gündüz, Hakkı, Ünlügenç, Demet Lafli Tunay, Deniz, Karakaya, Burhan, Dost, Ozgur, Komurcu, Özlem Korkmaz Dilmen, Eren Fatma Akcil, Yusuf, Tunali, Gülay, Ok, Eda Tok Alsina, Özge, Hakli, Cengiz, Polat, Namigar, Turgut, Nurcan, Kızılcık, Özge, Köner, Öznur, Şen, Nurdan, Aydin, Burcu, Basaran, Emre Sertac Bingul, Yavuz, Gürkan, Kamil, Darcin, Semra, Ugur, Kemal Tolga Saracoglu, Asli, Demir, Özgök, Aysegül, Eda, Balci, Behic, Girgin, Aygun, Guler, Ümit, Karadeniz, Nihal, Özaslan, Yigit Özay Hülya, Namik, Ozcan, Aysun, Postaci, Mehmet, Sahap, Nevriye, Salman, Özlem, Sağır, Bulent, Atik, Murat, Bicakcioglu, Hafize Fisun Demir, Ugün, Fatih, Nazan, Kocaoglu, Hüseyin Ilksen Toprak, Duygu Demiröz Aslan, Yusuf Ziya Colak, Mustafa Soner Ozcan, Mehmet, Yilmaz, Umran, Karaca, Sevtap Hekimoglu Sahin, Özlem Ersoy Karka, Gizem Demir Şenoğlu, Süheyla Erkoç Karadağ, Neslihan, Alkis, Volkan, Baytaş, Engin, Erturk, Ali, Akdogan, Ahmet, Besir, Dilek, Kutanis, Sedat, Saylan, Ersagun, Tugcugil, Pinar, Ayvat, Berrin, Günaydın, Beyza Mehri Büyükgebiz, Omer Faruk Boran, Feyza, Calisir, Yavuz, Orak, Bahar Kuvaki Balkan, Sibel, Büyükcoban, Erol, Gökel, Sakize Ferim Günenc, Sule, Özbilgin, Suna, Göre, Selcan, Akesen, Seda, Cansabuncu, Natalia, Momot, Anna, Panchenko, Jean-Francois, Pittet, Kristen, Rutledge, Tıp Fakültesi, Weiss, R, Saadat-Gilani, K, Kerschke,L, Wempe,C, Meersch, M, Zarbock, A, Cortegiani, A, and Ippolito, M

Subjects
Epidemiology, urologic and male genital diseases, acute renal failure, Adult Intensive & Critical Care, Anaesthesia, Cohort Studies, surgery, chronic renal failure, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Prospective Studies, adult intensive & critical care, urogenital system, Incidence, General Medicine, Acute Kidney Injury, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, critical care, Renal Replacement Therapy, Observational Studies as Topic, epidemiology, Acute Renal Failure, Surgery, adult intensive &amp, Chronic Renal Failure
Abstract

Sağır, Özlem (Balikesir Author), Introduction More than 300 million surgical procedures are performed each year. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after major surgery and is associated with adverse short-term and long-term outcomes. However, there is a large variation in the incidence of reported AKI rates. The establishment of an accurate epidemiology of surgery-associated AKI is important for healthcare policy, quality initiatives, clinical trials, as well as for improving guidelines. The objective of the Epidemiology of Surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury (EPIS-AKI) trial is to prospectively evaluate the epidemiology of AKI after major surgery using the latest Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consensus definition of AKI. Methods and analysis EPIS-AKI is an international prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study including 10 000 patients undergoing major surgery who are subsequently admitted to the ICU or a similar high dependency unit. The primary endpoint is the incidence of AKI within 72 hours after surgery according to the KDIGO criteria. Secondary endpoints include use of renal replacement therapy (RRT), mortality during ICU and hospital stay, length of ICU and hospital stay and major adverse kidney events (combined endpoint consisting of persistent renal dysfunction, RRT and mortality) at day 90. Further, we will evaluate preoperative and intraoperative risk factors affecting the incidence of postoperative AKI. In an add-on analysis, we will assess urinary biomarkers for early detection of AKI. Ethics and dissemination EPIS-AKI has been approved by the leading Ethics Committee of the Medical Council North Rhine-Westphalia, of the Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster and the corresponding Ethics Committee at each participating site. Results will be disseminated widely and published in peer-reviewed journals, presented at conferences and used to design further AKI-related trials. Trial registration number NCT04165369. ©

Published
2021

6. Attitudes of medical students in Saudi Arabia towards mental illness and their beliefs regarding its causes and treatability

Author

Robert A. Rosenheck, Kashanuddin Niazi, Osama A. Zitoun, Adnan Raed Alnaser, and Nazmus Saquib

Subjects
Clinical clerkship, Biopsychosocial model, Students, Medical, Attitude of Health Personnel, education, Social Stigma, Specialty, Saudi Arabia, Minor (academic), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Association (psychology), General Psychology, Mental Disorders, General Medicine, Mental illness, medicine.disease, Mental health, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Etiology, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
Abstract

The stigmatization of people with mental illness is a worldwide problem. The authors aimed to assess stigmatizing attitudes among medical students at a university in Saudi Arabia towards mental illness and to evaluate the association of psychiatric education and planned medical specialty with stigmatizing attitudes and beliefs concerning the treatability and etiology of mental illness. A cross-sectional survey of currently enrolled medical students at Sulaiman Al Rajhi University was conducted through convenience sampling using a 52-item questionnaire. Factor analysis identified four unique factors representing attitudes and beliefs towards mental illness. ANOVA and Chi-square tests were used to evaluate the differences in attitude among students at different levels and other variables associated with these factors. Altogether 245 students (46.7 %) responded to the survey. Completion of a classroom psychiatry course, but not a clinical clerkship, was associated with a stronger belief in the effectiveness of the treatment of both medical and mental illnesses (p = 0.031) as well as greater acceptance of the biopsychosocial model of the etiology of mental illness (p = 0.001). Students interested in pursuing a surgical career had weaker beliefs in the effectiveness of treatment of mental illnesses as compared to students interested in other minor specialties (p = 0.002). While attitudes towards socializing with people with mental illness did not differ significantly with different levels of psychiatric education, beliefs about treatability and biopsychosocial etiology seem to be strengthened after a classroom psychiatry course but not further reinforced after the clinical clerkship.

Published
2020

7. Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among professional drivers in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Author

Abdullah Abdulaziz Abdulwahab Khojah, Osama A. Zitoun, Adnan Raed Alnaser, Tawfik Mamoun Rajab, Nazmus Saquib, and Juliann Saquib

Subjects
ePoster Presentations, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cross-sectional study, business.industry, Environmental health, Research, education, Medicine, business, Depressive symptoms
Abstract

AimsDue to the nature of their work, professional drivers face a considerable risk of developing depression and other mental illnesses. We sought to assess the prevalence and the factors influencing depressive symptoms among professional drivers in Saudi Arabia.MethodUsing convenience sampling, we have conducted an interviewer-administered survey on 324 professional drivers in Qassim Region in Saudi Arabia using Depression subscale from the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21). Participants were interviewed in their native language, and responses were outlined directly into an online form in English. Data were then extracted and analyzed using SPSS software.ResultParticipants’ mean age was 38.6 years, and mean driving hours per day were 9.86 hours/day. The mean DASS-21 depression score among the professional drivers was 2.88. Overall, 21.9% of the included drivers had variable degrees of depressive symptoms, with 7.4% suffered from extremely severe symptoms. Depressive symptoms were influenced by the driver's nationality, educational level, vehicle type, driving years, BMI, presence of chronic medical conditions, physical activity, and sexual activity. Moreover, poor sleep quality increased the risk of developing depressive symptoms among the drivers by 31.9 times (OR: 31.9, CI: 9.03–112.63, P < 0.001).ConclusionNearly one-fifth of professional drivers in Saudi Arabia (Qassim region) suffer from depressive symptoms. Unhealthy lifestyle practices (i.e. being obese and physically inactive) have been closely related to depressive symptoms. Education, sexual activity, type of driven vehicle, and the number of chronic conditions were also associated with depressive symptoms. Also, poor and fair sleep quality was strongly associated with the development of depressive symptoms as compared with excellent sleep quality. As drivers are always on the move and hardly reachable, we would propose psychological support and counseling to be administered via telemedicine services. Future research is needed to better comprehend the needs of this vulnerable population.

Published
2021

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