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In this study, the polar root extract of Cyperus scariosus R.Br. was used for the biogenic synthesis of ZnO NPs. The results of this study show that ZnO NPs have a spherical structure with an average size of 85.4 nm. The synthesized catalysts were tested for their photocatalytic activity by degrading methyl orange and methylene blue under sunlight. Improved degradation efficiencies of 79.44% and 84.92% were achieved within 120 min. ZnO NPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes (18 mm) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (20 mm) and Gram-negative strains of Escherichia coli (16 mm) and Bordetella bronchiseptica (14 mm), as shown by the inhibition zones, which were comparable to the positive control (ceftriaxone) but larger than the plant root extract. ZnO NPs showed high antioxidant activity, as a ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay value of 66.29 µg (AAE µg·mL−1) and a DPPH value of 57.44 µg (AAE µg·mL−1) were obtained at a concentration of 500 µL, which was higher than those of the C. scariosus root extract. Quantification of the total phenolic and flavonoid content yielded values of 57.63 µg (GAE µg·mL−1) and 70.59 µg (QCE µg·mL−1), respectively. At a concentration of 500 μL (1 mg·mL−1), the tested nanoparticles (NPs) showed a greater anti-inflammatory effect (84.12%) compared to the root extract of C. scariosus (34.39%). Overall, our findings highlight the versatile properties of green synthesized ZnO NPs and demonstrate their potential for environmental remediation and antimicrobial formulations, as well as promising candidates for further investigation in biomedical fields such as drug delivery and therapy.

Recent advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology have revolutionized the medical field, particularly in the treatment and prevention of disease. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered one of the best supreme and most important nanomaterials with a variety of compulsive nanomaterial having diverse array of multifunctional bioapplications. The current study focuses on the green biosynthesis of AgNPs using polysaccharides extracted from Olea europaea leaves. The synthesized AgNPs were thoroughly analyzed and characterized using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques including, UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The absorption peak at 440 nm showed a high plasmon resonance band, confirming the formation of green AgNPs by the reduction of Ag+ ions to Ag0. FTIR analysis showed the appearance and extension of different functional groups. The results of EDX and SEM confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs with spherical shape, crystalline structure, and an average size of 64.42 nm. The biosynthesized AgNPs possessed improved antimicrobial activities, indicating the importance of biosynthesized NPs in the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, the biosynthesized AgNPs were biocompatible and exhibited anti-inflammatory activity (86.29%), almost similar to that of a standard drug (87.78%) at a concentration of 500 µL/mL. The polysaccharides obtained from O. europaea could be considered as effective reducing agent, leading to an environmentally friendly synthesis of stable and biologically important AgNPs with a wide range of applications.

ارتكز خطاب جميل الفنيّ الذي جاء في معرض حديثه عن الفراق، وتداعيات ذكرى المحبوبة في نفسه، على بنية متناسقة؛ هي بنية الانشطار والتمزّق. وقد اتّضح ذلك عن طريق استنطاق دلالات الأبيات على المستوى اللّغويّ أو الشّكليّ، ودراسة علاقات الدّوالّ الموظّفة بعضها ببعض، فبيّنت الدّراسة التحليليّة أنّ حديث الفراق، وحديث الذّكرى يشكّلان وحدة فنيّة متماسكة، تعاضدت بألفاظها، وتراكيبها، وصورها؛ للإيحاء بدلالة تمزّق الذّات الشّاعرة التي أرهقها الحبّ، وانشطارها بين ما ترغب فيه وما تعجز عن الوصول إليه. وما التقاء دلالات تلك الأساليب والألفاظ الموظّفة للتّعبير عنها عند بنية واحدة، غير تأكيد على انسجام الخطاب الشعريّ فنيّاً، وتكامله بالشّكل الذي ينمّ على تجربة شعريّة وشعوريّة تستحق القراءة بعد القراءة.

أهداف البحث: يرصد البحث أخطر التحديات التي واجهتها الثقافة الإسلامية عبر مراحل التاريخ المختلفة، وكيف تغلبت عليها من خلال التعامل الصائب مع الكتاب والسنة، والفهم الصحيح المتكامل الجوانب لهذين المصدرين الخالدين، وأن هذا التعامل الذي ميز أو أفرز (أهل السنة والجماعة) أو الذي (عزل) فرق الضلال (وهي فرق سياسية/عقائدية، أو عقائدية سياسية)، وأخطرها الباطنية الضُّلال التي كانت تعبيرًا عن الشعوبية والزندقة، والانتصاف من الإسلام الذي انساح في الأرض وأسقط عروشًا وممالك وامبراطوريات. منهج الدراسة: استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي، كما انتهج المنهج التحليلي الاستنباطي للوقوف على أخطر التحديات التي واجهت الثقافة الإسلامية من أعداء الداخل. النتائج: من أهم النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث هو كيف نحفظ على الأجيال عقيدتها وإسلامها (العملي في الحياة اليومية إن صح التعبير)، ونحميها من السقوط في جحيم الإسلام المغشوش، أو "إسلام الضرار" الذي اجتمع على نصره وتأييده والقتال عليه أو دونه بأسنة الرماح علمانيو الأمس، وعلمانيو اليوم، وكفاره، ومشركوه في الشرق والغرب. أصالة البحث: البحث يمتاز بالأصالة والعمق ودقة التشخيص، وهو ينسجم مع التطوير الجذري لمقرر الثقافة الإسلامية في جامعة قطر.

In the last few decades, studies of graph theory based on algebraic structures have been pursued. Many studies have inspected graphs via groups, rings, near-rings, and seminear-rings, and vice versa. In our study, first we introduce different type of υ-primary ideals (υ = 0, 1, 2, 3, c), which generalize υ-prime ideals (υ = 0, 1, 2, 3, c) in near-rings. Then, we provide some important characterizations of these newly initiated ideals. In addition, we explore some relationships among these ideals. Throughout, we furnish our results with appropriate examples. Finally, as an application, we provide characterizations of different graphs associated with these υ-primary ideals (υ = 0, 1, 2, 3, c) in near-rings.

قام الشّعراء المخضرمون في صدر الإسلام بترجمة صورة الإنسان شعرا، فرسموا صورة جمالية ذاتية للمؤمن التّقي المجاهد، المسلّم بالإرادة الإلهيّة، والمعظّم للقيم الإسلاميّة، وصورة جمالية للمؤمن الشّهيد مستعرضين صفاته الجسديّة الممثّلة بالشجاع الجسور الذي يأبى الضيم ويرفض الظلم، وبالأغر الأبيض، و صفاته المعنوية الممثّلة بالماجد الشريف، الصّابر، الصّادق، الوفيّ، صاحب الرأي السديد، لتشكل هذه الصفات في مجموعها صفات بهيّة تجمع بين جمال المظهر وجلال الخصال. فجاءت صورة المؤمن في شعر المخضرمين على حامل جمالي يستمدّ أركانه من الأساليب البلاغيّة المتنوّعة، والصور البيانية، وحسن استخدامهم الألفاظ والمعاني التي تأتلف فيما بينها لتجعل من هذه الصورة أنموذجا للمؤمن الحق، فكانت قادرة على قراءة الأبعاد الحقيقية لمعاني الإيمان، وكانت دليلا على رغبة المخضرمين في تغيير صورتهم الجاهلية إلى صورة جديدة تحتفي بالإيمان.

The present research study was aimed to investigate the efficiency of selected medicinal plants against Plasmodium vivax. Crude methanolic extracts from the seeds of leaves of Datura stramonium, Parthenium hysterophorus, Calotropis procera, and Dodonaea viscosa were prepared. In addition, Atropine was also isolated from alkaloid components of Eucalyptus obliqua to evaluate their in vitro anti-plasmodial effects. It was observed that proguanil (positive control) and Atropine displayed strong anti-plasmodial activity (94.04 and 68.02%, respectively) against P. vivax at 0.1 mg/mL concentration while the leaf extracts of other medicinal plants did not exhibit any notable anti-plasmodial activity. It was concluded that alkaloids of E. obliqua plant’s extracts were rich in anti-plasmodial compound Atropine, which exhibit a remarkable anti-plasmodial activity against P. vivax. Anti-plasmodial action of medicinal plants are attributed to these phytochemicals. In vitro studies using medicinal plant’s extracts and standardized methods will help to make more powerful and cost-effective anti-plasmodial compounds.

مازال شعرُنا القديمُ بمنابعه التصويريّةِ ورؤاه التعبيريّةِ يفتحُ للباحثين مجالاً رحباً للدراسةِ والتحليل، فكلّما أوغلوا في دراسة خباياه ورصد دلالاته، وجدُوا في لُججه كثيراً من الخبايا التي تحتاج إلى قَدرٍ غيرِ قليلٍ من الحبّ والصّبر والأناة لفهم كُنهه. وتراثنا العربيّ غنيّ بالشّعراء المغمورين الذين عزفت أقلام الدّارسين عنهم فبقوا طيّ النسيان لأسباب عدّة. لذلك ينشدُ هذا البحثُ إماطة اللّثام عن أحد رجّاز العصرِ الأمويّ المغمورين، وهو أبو النجم العِجلي، الذّي برع في كثير من موضوعات الشعر ومنها الغزل الذّي يتوقّف البحث عنده، فقد انتشر الغزل واتّسع في العصر الأمويّ حتّى خطفت أسماء الشعراء العشّاق أقلام الباحثين إليها أكثر من غيرها فلم ينتبهوا إلى صوت الرّاجز البدويّ الذّي رشِحَ بالأسى والحرمان. لذلك يتوقف البحث عند غزله ويبيّن ملامح صورة المرأة كونها ركن الغزل الأساس ومحوره الرئيس، فالراجز في غزله يعبّر عن آلامه وآماله، ويصف ما يكابده من مشاعر اتجاهها، ويرسم صورتها كما رآها أو أرادها أن تكون.

Malaria is an intraerythrocytic parasitic disease caused by the genus Plasmodium of which Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are the major species. The high cost and associated side effects of antimalarial drugs triggered research about medicinal plants to develop alternative and low-cost drugs with lesser side effects. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the antiplasmodial activity of the Eucalyptus obliqua L’Hér. leaf extract against P. vivax and its phytochemicals in in vitro. The methanolic extract of E. obliqua was prepared and different concentrations of the crude extract and phytochemicals were used against P. vivax. The methanolic extract of E. obliqua showed profound antiplasmodial activity (LD50 0.084 mg/mL; 80.04%) at 0.1 mg/mL concentration after 24 h. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins were found in the E. obliqua methanolic extract. Only alkaloids at the concentration (0.1 mg/mL) exhibited 60.93% inhibition of P. vivax. The methanolic extract of E. obliqua exhibits antiplasmodial activity in vitro. However, in vivo efficacy is an important aspect in the testing of medicinal plants against parasitic infections and should be evaluated in future.

This research paper has elucidated significant factors regarding the integration of Pakistani migrants living in South Korea (S.K). Pakistan stands at the sixth spot in terms of overseas migrant workers. The migration happened due to a few reasons such as lack of access to higher education with standardized scientific equipment for experimental use, poor financial and political situation, and to gain better economic opportunities which improve their as well as families’ living standards. The open-ended interviews were conducted with the Pakistani migrants living in S.K. The subject of the study is Pakistani migrants living in Jeolla Namdo, the capital city of Gwangju, South Korea. The purpose of this study is to investigate to what extent Pakistani migrants are integrated with the host community and in which area they are facing hindrances. During interviews, the participants were asked about the basic purpose of migration to S.K, daily life, and how they celebrate their cultural and religious festivities. How do they manage their lives in the host community? According to this study, most Pakistani migrants came to Korea for education, followed by business category and joining the family. Before coming to Korea, they did not learn the Korean language, and after arrival, they realized that the language barrier and availability of halal food are real troubles. In Korea, it is difficult to get halal edible items, even though it is essential regarding Muslim religious beliefs. None of the respondents eats pork and other cooked meat available in the restaurants because the meat is not halal. There are insufficient grocery stores to purchase the affirmed halal meat. This study demonstrates that the integration of Pakistani migrants is moderate, yet a gigantic change in three things such as greetings style, sense of dressings, and food preferences is seen that is integrated from the host community. In the case of residence location preferences, the majority of Pakistani migrants do not have any hesitation to live in a non-Muslim populated area. They feel safe everywhere in Korea. Concerning the children, their integration level is high because they can easily make Korean friends. Children have adopted the language very quickly and face no barriers; they speak Korean very well too. The article's findings offer a few suggestions to the government of South Korea that will help to improve integration and multiculturalism. It is recommended that the Korean government should amend its policy in migrants' favor, this will positively change general people's mindset. This will promote the concept that Korean culture is becoming multi-cultural from monoculture. The government of South Korea should consider issues creating hindrances related to integration such as the availability of migrants’ worship places, easy and everywhere availability of required edible halal food, and make easier the process of getting a permanent residence-ship. This will pull in more migrants, which will improve integration processes. Keywords: Integration, Multiculturalism, Religious festivities, Education, Equipped laboratories, Migrants.

Biomedical-named entity recognition (bNER) is critical in biomedical informatics. It identifies biomedical entities with special meanings, such as people, places, and organizations, as predefined semantic types in electronic health records (EHR). bNER is essential for discovering novel knowledge using computational methods and Information Technology. Early bNER systems were configured manually to include domain-specific features and rules. However, these systems were limited in handling the complexity of the biomedical text. Recent advances in deep learning (DL) have led to the development of more powerful bNER systems. DL-based bNER systems can learn the patterns of biomedical text automatically, making them more robust and efficient than traditional rule-based systems. This paper reviews the healthcare domain of bNER, using DL techniques and artificial intelligence in clinical records, for mining treatment prediction. bNER-based tools are categorized systematically and represent the distribution of input, context, and tag (encoder/decoder). Furthermore, to create a labeled dataset for our machine learning sentiment analyzer to analyze the sentiment of a set of tweets, we used a manual coding approach and the multi-task learning method to bias the training signals with domain knowledge inductively. To conclude, we discuss the challenges facing bNER systems and future directions in the healthcare field.

This current study aims to optimize, characterize, and observe the stability of the self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of propolis extract (PE) for improving the immune response. Optimization of the selected composition of SNEDDS was conducted using a D-optimal mixture design. SNEDDS was prepared by loading 150 mg/mL of PE in oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant phases. The thermodynamic stability test was carried out with phase separation parameters followed by the robustness to dilution and accelerated stability test. The immunostimulant activity was examined in vitro and in vivo by determining the phagocytic activity, cell proliferation, production of nitrite oxide levels of RAW 264.7 cells, phagocytic activity of macrophages, and the number of leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. The formula optimization showed that the formula containing Capryol-90, Cremophor RH40, and PEG 400 at a ratio of 30: 34: 36 was optimum. The verification response of the optimum formula with drug loading showed that the transmittance, droplet size, and zeta potential were 96.90 ± 0.00%, 28.7 ± 1.20 nm, and −56.5 ± 2.05 mV, respectively. The thermodynamic stability test and robustness to dilution did not find any separation phase. The accelerated stability test results were classified as stable. The in vitro and in vivo immunostimulant activity test showed that PE-loaded SNEDDS exhibited a higher immunostimulant effect than PE. In conclusion, the optimum and stable composition of PE loaded SNEDDS was found with a simple and accurate method using the D-Optimal mixture design and demonstrated an immunostimulant activity.

Objectives Users share valuable information through online smoking cessation communities (OSCCs), which help people maintain and improve smoking cessation behavior. Although OSCC utilization is common among smokers, limitations exist in identifying the smoking status of OSCC users (“quit” vs. “not quit”). Thus, the current study implicitly analyzed user-generated content (UGC) to identify individual users’ smoking status through advanced computational methods and real data from an OSCC. Methods Secondary data analysis was conducted using data from 3,833 users of BcomeAnEX.org. Domain experts reviewed posts and comments to determine the authors’ smoking status when they wrote them. Seven types of feature sets were extracted from UGC (textual, Doc2Vec, social influence, domain-specific, author-based, and thread-based features, as well as adjacent posts). Results Introducing novel features boosted smoking status recognition (quit vs. not quit) by 9.3% relative to the use of text-only post features. Furthermore, advanced computational methods outperformed baseline algorithms across all models and increased the smoking status prediction performance by up to 12%. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that the current research method provides a valuable platform for researchers involved in online cessation interventions and furnishes a framework for on-going machine learning applications. The results may help practitioners design a sustainable real-time intervention via personalized post recommendations in OSCCs. A major limitation is that only users’ smoking status was detected. Future research might involve programming machine learning classification methods to identify abstinence duration using larger datasets.

Nutrient management is a key component of best agronomic practices for optimal crop production. The continuous use of high yielding genotypes and exhaustive cropping systems has resulted in potassium deficiency. Furthermore, the imbalanced use of nutrients, particularly potassium (K), has resulted in persistent depletion from agricultural soils. To address this issue, a field experiment was conducted to determine the influence of different potassium levels under a split application on yield and yield attributes of wheat crops. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated four times. Five K levels (0, 60, 80, 100 and 120 kg ha−1) and different K application timings (whole dose (Basal) at sowing, equal doses at sowing+ 30 DAS, half dose at sowing+ equal doses at 30 +60 DAS and equal doses at sowing+30+60+ 90 DAS). The findings of the study revealed that potassium levels and their application times substantially influenced yield and yield components of wheat. The application of K at 120 kg ha−1 delayed anthesis and maturity and enhanced chlorophyll content (53), tillers m−2 (293.4 m−2) and increased plant height (97.1cm). The application of K 80 kg ha−1 significantly increased grain protein, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content which resulted in a higher (4227 kg ha−1) grain yield. In the case of K timings application, the higher grain yield (3758 kg ha−1) was achieved when K was applied one time at sowing time. It is concluded that K at the rate of 80 kg ha−1 should be applied in full at sowing for achieving higher wheat production.

Knowledge about genetic composition of a character helps plant breeders to plan their breeding programs. Grain yield and related traits are very important in maize breeding programs. In our experiment four each of parents, F1s, F2s, BC1s and BC2s were evaluated at Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak, Nowshehra and Agriculture University Peshawar. The experimental material at both locations were replicated thrice in randomized complete block design. In all crosses dominance gene action was found to be important in the inheritance of ear diameter, ear length, percent shelling and grain yield. Additive genetic effects were found negative and non-significant in all four crosses for percent shelling. Duplicate type of non-allelic interactions was observed for shelling percentage in all crosses. Duplicate type of epistasis was observed in cross, PS-1 × BD-1 and PS-2 × BD-1 for ear length. For grain yield both complementary and duplicate type of epistasis were observed. Additive genetic effects werefound significant with positive and negative magnitude in two crosses each. It is concluded that crosses, where dominant gene action was found predominant, should be effectively utilized in hybrid maize programs for improved grain yield and related traits.

This research paper has elucidated important factors and international remittance utilization areas in Pakistan. Due to the political and economic situation of the country, the people migrate to developed countries to earn better living standards for themselves and, the left-behind families. As of 2018, the Bureau of Immigration & Overseas Employment, Government of Pakistan counts 15472 Pakistanis living in South Korea. In a bid to fully conduct this research, the structured interviews are conducted with Pakistani labor migrants residing in district Gwangju, South Korea. During the interview, participants are asked about the migration process, difficulties in the settlement, working environment, and volume of monthly remittances sent to their home country. The main purpose of the study is to investigate the current situation of Pakistani labor migrants in South Korea and to explore how their remittances are being utilized by their family members in Pakistan. Pakistani labor migrants are migrating to Korea through the Bureau of Immigration & Overseas Employment, Government of Pakistan, to work in Korean factories. The observed motive of migration is the income generation that is utilized to improve the living standard of their families in Pakistan. As this study shows, transfer remittances are used to cover daily living expenses such as food, health, education, and other emergency needs such as medical, marriages, and funerals. The part of the transfer remittance is also used to establish a business in their home country for extra income generation and creation of employment opportunities for local people. Prior to the migration, the migrants learned the basic level of Korean language skills from their home country, but these skills did not reduce their difficulty in communication. The most prominent problem being faced by the migrants is the unavailability of halal food which is very important regarding their religious beliefs. Key words: Remittance, development, income, labor migrants, remittance utilization areas.

The present study investigates the potential role of medicinal plants Citrullus colocynthis and Tephrosia apollinea in ameliorating the oxidative stress developed during the generation of reactive oxygen species. Organic extracts of different organs (leaf, stem and root) of these medicinal plants obtained in n-hexane, chloroform, n-butanol and water were assayed for radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity, anti-lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione. The total phenolic content (TPC) of both selected medicinal plants was also evaluated. The results indicated that extracts of T. apollinea leaf, stem and root have higher TPC compared to those of C. colocynthis. Similarly, the results of the present study revealed higher bioactivity of C. colocynthis than that of T. apollinea in various antioxidant assays. Various plant parts of each plant were also compared.

The detoxification, metabolism, and excretion of various endogenous and exogenous materials occur mainly in the liver. Liver diseases are a global concern, and classified as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatosis. The development of safe hepatoprotective agents remains an unmet need. Therefore, we investigated the antioxidant effects of methanolic and n-hexane fractions of Zilla spinosa (ZSM and ZSH, respectively) and Hammada elegans (HEM and HEH, respectively) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver toxicity in rats. Antioxidant activity was studied by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The rats were divided into 11 groups (n=6)–group, 1 (control), group 2 (CCl4 only), group 3 (CCl4+silymarin 10 mg/kg), group 4 (CCl4+HEM 250 mg/kg), group 5 (CC14+HEM 500 mg/kg), group 6 (CCl4+HEH 250 mg/kg), group, 7 (CCl4+HEH 500 mg/kg), group, 8 (CCl4+ZSM 250 mg/kg), group 9 (CCl4+ZSM 500 mg/kg), group 10 (CCl4+ZSH 250 mg/kg), and group 11 (CCl4+ZSH 500 mg/kg). Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, and total bilirubin were measured. The extent of hepatic injury was histopathologically assessed. Treatment with ZSM and ZSH at 250 and 500 mg/kg did not significantly affect biochemical results compared with the CCl4 only group. However, treatment with both HEM and HEH at 250 and 500 mg/kg provided significant (p