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Doctors have played an important role in the development of health institutions in Latin America. However, they are not the only profession that has had a voice in these matters. There are also other factors influencing the development of ministries of health. This issue has gone unnoticed in the literature. This article suggests that it is possible to identify two distinct trends in the creation of health ministries in Latin America. The first, of an early nature, was seen principally in Central America and the Caribbean in countries dependent on or under the influence of the United States which, from the 1880s, promoted health Pan-Americanism. The second trend, which became apparent from 1924, was characterised by the emergence of ministries in a context of institutional breakdown and the appearance of new actors (military or populist leaders). This second trend was first seen in Chile in 1924. This article analyses the creation of the Ministerio de Higiene, Asistencia y Previsión Social (Ministry of Hygiene, Assistance and Social Security) in Chile in 1924 and its subsequent development through to 1931. The analysis looks at the health measures adopted, the context in which this occurred and the debates triggered by the ministry's process of institutional development, based on parliamentary discussions, presidential speeches, official statistics, legislation, documents prepared by key actors and the press of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to deepen knowledge concerning the continuity of the Safavid system of central bureaucracy following the fall of the Safavids through the presentation of the administrative history of a high-ranking office, majlis-nawis, and a type of royal decree, raqam. By introducing their functions and unique interrelation between them during the seventeenth century, and their development and transformation in the post-Safavid period, the paper sheds light on the continuous, albeit changed, presence of this administrative position and document form in the eighteenth century. Furthermore, it will be shown that the raqam became the most dominant form of decree in the chancelleries of post-Safavid dynasties, whereas the majlis-nawis lost its relevance in the second half of the eighteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies / Cumhuriyet Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi (CTAD) is the property of Ataturk Institute for Modern Turkish History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

İnsanlığın ilk dönemlerinde varlık sahipleri, servetlerini başkalarının ihtiyacını karşılamak amacıyla dünyevi beklenti olmadan vakfederdi. Batı dünyasında 19.yüzyılda sosyal devlet kurumları, vatandaşların devlete bağlılığını artıracağına inanılarak desteklenmiştir. Türk idare tarihinde ise, İslam medeniyeti dairesine girilmeden önce göçebe hayat sürülen dönemde, zenginlikler sahip olunan hayvan varlığına dayanırdı. Hükümdarlar baharda yapılan toyda zenginliklerini ihtiyaç sahiplerine verir, ekonomik açıdan sıradan vatandaş gibi yönetim görevini üstlenirdi. İslamiyet’te Hz. Peygamberin (sav) sahip olduğu hurmalıkları vakfetmesiyle kurumsallaşma yaygınlaşmış yardım faaliyetleri toplumda ayrım gözetmeden karşılık beklemeden yürütülmüştür. Türkler İslamiyet’i benimseyince vakıf faaliyetleriyle çağlarına damga vurmuş, canlılarla ilgili konularda vakıflar kurularak toplumda sınıf çatışmaları önlenmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti’nde mükemmelleşen vakıflar güvenlik ve adalet dışındaki faaliyetleri kapsayacak şekilde hizmetlerini genişletmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti’nde 18.yüzyıl sonrasında başlayan bozulmadan vakıflar etkilenmiş, işlevlerini yapamamış, varlıkları yağmalanmıştır. Hizmetleri karşılığında vatandaştan katkı talep etmeyen vakıflar günümüzde yardımlara aracılık ederek tarihi misyonundan uzaklaşmıştır. Çalışmada vakıf müessesesinin Türk-İslam medeniyetindeki gelişimi, idare tarihi içerisindeki sosyal sorumlukların yerine getirilmesindeki rolü incelenecektir.

The administrative yearbooks of the Seine departments and of the city of Paris are crucial sources for understanding the organization of these institutions, and also for finding one's way around the archives related to the administration of the city. The project carried out as part of the Archival City programme aimed to facilitate access to these yearbooks. Digitalized by the Archives de Paris, which hold them, these documents have been transcribed and encoded in XML-TEI format. Using this fundamental basis, data exports have been performed in handy formats and a visualisation website is currently under construction (planned for the beginning of 2024). Our paper intends to present this project, the sources we have been working on and the results we have obtained. It especially aims to enable the scientific community to use, reuse and enhance the resultant datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the digital humanities project SiCProD -- Prosopographical Database on the Court and Administration of Sigmund of Tyrol. In this project, we systematically recorded the people who worked at the court of (Arch)Duke Sigmund of Tyrol (1439-1490) or in the administration of his domain in a database visualizing their career paths as well as their family and other relationships. We first present the data model for SiCProD and the archival sources from which we have drawn the data, as well as the specific historical and geographical circumstances of Sigmunds reign, which we had to take into account when designing the project. With selected examples, we show the possibilities that arise for historians when using the database. We also discuss the problems and limitations of prosopographical research on the 15th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 16th century, the term "Cemilhuitlapohualtepoztli" meant "clock" to the indigenous peoples of Mexico. They had formed this neologism out of three words from the Nahual language: "cemilhui" (the passing of a day); "tlapoaliztli" (to count); and "tepoztli" (bell or iron). This linguistic evidence, in conjunction with other documents found in Spanish and Latin American archives, show that autochthonous people came into early contact with these mechanisms and promptly assimilated quantified time. Historiography often claims that the Catholic Church imposed this kind of time among indigenous societies, however, this paper demonstrates that indigenous peoples appropriated a more precise and quantified time in the offices of the colonial administration, either by working as clockmakers or by producing "timetables" and calendars. This process allowed, on the one hand, the global synchrony between the Old and the New World, and on the other hand, the coordination of collective temporalities and local calendars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most characteristic and resilient elements of state documents promulgated by the chancelleries of medieval and early modern Turkic Islamic empires is the toghrā , or calligraphic signature of rulers. In the administrative history of Iran, the chessboard toghrā constitutes a short and lesser-known variant. This royal emblem appeared during the Safavid period as the result of several administrative reforms. In this paper, I outline the development of the toghrā in medieval Iran on the basis of surviving documents and fragments and then offer a detailed portrait of the birth and brief life of the chessboard toghrā. Furthermore, the conspicuous similarity between this form and the toghrā s of Mughal emperors precipitates a comparison and close analysis of their different elements and characteristics. Drawing on both published and unpublished royal decrees, this article explores the possible dimension of interrelation and provides insights into their similarities and differences in use and content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hitit Journal of Social Sciences is the property of Hitit University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper deals with a specific institution of both the central and the local level of administration of the Romanian administrative system, the Prefecture or the Institution of the Prefect. The authors present a summary of the evolution of this institution. Also, the competencies and limitation of power for this institution are presented in the frame of the current Romanian administrative legislation. In the end, the conclusions tackle the possible future concerning the evolution of the Prefecture as an institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The administrative yearbooks of the Seine departments and of the city of Paris are crucial sources for understanding the organization of these institutions, and also for finding one’s way around the archives related to the administration of the city. The project carried out as part of the Archival City programme aimed to facilitate access to these yearbooks. Digitalized by the Archives de Paris, which hold them, these documents have been transcribed and encoded in XML-TEI format. Using this fundamental basis, data exports have been performed in handy formats and a visualisation website is currently under construction (planned for the beginning of 2024). Our paper intends to present this project, the sources we have been working on and the results we have obtained. It especially aims to enable the scientific community to use, reuse and enhance the resultant datasets.

Siyasatnamas provide rich literature to corresponds to research area of studies about the administrative history. The works generally deal with the administration, the characteristics of the ruler and the relationship between the ruler and the ruled, and reveal an administration approach according to the qualifications of the authors and the conditions of their periods and geographies. Studies about siyasatnamas are generally carried out by theologians and historians, focusing on works written during the Ottoman period. The framework of administrative history studies mostly consists of discussions on organizational structuring. This study, on the other hand, focuses on the works written before the Ottoman Empire in contrast to the Ottoman siyasatnamas and administrative organization-oriented discussions that are common in the literature and tries to construct a administrative thought from them. It examines 25 politics written in the geography stretching from Andalusia to Transoxiana between the 10th and 14th centuries. It makes classifications by considering similar and different elements through the content analysis of the siyasatnamas. It classifies the works in a triple way within the framework of theoretical-practical distinction and places it in the relevant group among the groups named as “hikmet”, “fakahet”, “kudret”. It suggests the term “candles for administration” instead of “mirrors for princes” which is used to express siyasatnamas in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author identifies the amount of Crimean Tatars who served as officials in Taurida Governorate in the first half of the 20th century. The article is based on archival data, address-calendars and mesyatseslovs of the Russian Empire. Russian politics in the region after the Crimean annexation was characterized by an active interaction with the local population. The imperial authorities gave the Crimean Tatars broad rights and involved them in civil and military service. Tatar murzas and beys who entered service closely interacted with Russian officials and thus got acquainted with the Russian language and culture as well as with the new legal system. While the largest number of Crimean Tatars were in service during the reign of Catherine II, their number began to decline under her successors. The author argues that the Russian authorities interaction with the Crimean Tatar nobility was based on mutually beneficial conditions. The state received the loyalty of local leaders, which provided stability and allowed for communication with the ordinary population. In turn, the murzas and beys received titles and ranks, which allowed them to increase their property and keep their social status. However, the number of Crimean Tatars in local government functions during the first half of the 19th century was low. They served in the governing bodies only by election from the nobility. This was a result of central policy but also of the low level of training among Tatar officials. Many of them were not familiar with legal procedures laws and could not read and write in Russian. Consequently, they preferred service in military formations, which was more prestigious and did not require special training.

Copyright of Journal of Constitutional History / Giornale di Storia Costituzionale is the property of Giornale di Storia Costituzionale (Journal of Constitutional History) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the article, for the first time, was restored the list of the Crimean Tatars who served in the civil service of the Taurida governorate in the first half of the XIX century. The reconstruction was carried out on the basis of «end-to-end» analysis of Address-Calendars and Mesyatseslovs of the Russian Empire. This information can serve as a background information for further research concerning the participation of the Crimean Tatars in the civil service. The facts, presented in the article, also expand understanding of the interaction ways of Russian administration in Taurida with representatives of the old-time population. In addition, the information given in the article, will help to restore previously unknown plages from the life of selected outstanding public and state leaders of the Crimean Tatars.

The article deals with the administrative development of the area of the former Municipality of Ljubljana Vič - Rudnik. The implementation of the communal system in 1955 led to larger changes in the organisation and range of municipalities. Their number began decreasing, and city areas began connecting with rural areas. This is illustrated by the Municipality of Ljubljana Rudnik. The process of merging continued until 1961, when the large Municipality of Ljubljana Vič Rudnik was formed as well. One of the more significant reasons for merging Vič and Rudnik into one municipality was the authorities’ goal of achieving a more uniform economic development of city areas and rural areas. The article also shows the economic foundations of the former municipalities of Ljubljana Vič and Ljubljana Rudnik as well as the consequences the administrative merging had on the development of the area.

The incompleteness of early modern period probate inventories is notorious. The attempt of explaining these gaps often leads to the assumption of a conflict-ridden relationship between the authorities and their subjects with the latter trying to trick the former. Examining a corpus of 2000 inventories stemming from eighteenth-century Tyrol and the Prince Bishopric of Brixen makes it obvious that the administrative bodies were most likely fully aware of the inconsistencies. This raises questions of how they dealt with the incompleteness of inventories. The thesis this paper proposes is that the incompleteness of inventories cannot simply be considered the result of deviant behaviour of surviving dependants or unknown third parties. Instead, the fact that the authorities accepted obvious blanks within the records is indicative of a subject-authority-relationship with far more cooperative elements than widely expected.

The article analyzes the political-institutional history of scientific research in the United Kingdom between 1945 and 1964. This period was particularly intense for the development of relations between state and science, with particular attention to research governance and government scientists. The prevalent historiographical interpretation, considering humanistic culture dominant over scientific culture in the political, administrative and economic class of the United Kingdom, has often neglected and excessively reduced the importance of science and its interpreters in the post-war period. The paper analyzes the political-institutional evolution of the research corps, and it enhances the significant impact that scientists and technocrats have had on the British state in the first two decades after the war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In democratic constitutional states, public archives have the duty to enable access to historical information of state action in order to help secure the traceability of politics and the accountability of authorities. However, this is not an obvious statement and it has not always and everywhere been true. Th is paper traces the history of the access services of the Swiss Federal Archives (SFA) since 1848. Drawing on the concept of street-level bureaucracy, it focuses on face-to-face interactions between users and archivists in the reading room. In this vein, it provides an organisational history from bottom-up. It argues that the opening of access and increasing numbers of users intensified the bureaucratization of access procedures. Within this context, particular attention is paid to the digitization of the access interface and its bearing on (reading room) encounters of users and archivists.

This essay aims to analyze the structure and operation of the public management of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves, related to the diamond extraction industry through the texts of Saint-Hilaire, French botanist and naturalist. Saint-Hilaire visited and toured Brazil in 1817 in a journey throughout the country's interior offering detailed information on Brazil's organizational structure, operations management structure, the public management processes, and the management of human resources, finances, and contracts. The analysis of Saint-Hilaire's reports revealed a high degree of control, the slaves' work conditions, and the rigid social stratification of Brazil in the early 19th century. The essay concludes that Saint-Hilaire presented a deep and detailed description of the diamond extraction operation, offering a valuable contribution to the studies of the beginning of Brazil as an independent nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Alles getreulich anzuzeigen was zur Verlassenschaft gehört" - On the 'completeness' of probate inventories from the eighteenth-century Tyrolean region. The incompleteness of early modern period probate inventories is notorious. The attempt of explaining these gaps often leads to the assumption of a conflict-ridden relationship between the authorities and their subjects with the latter trying to trick the former. Examining a corpus of 2000 inventories stemming from eighteenth-century Tyrol and the Prince Bishopric of Brixen makes it obvious that the administrative bodies were most likely fully aware of the inconsistencies. This raises questions of how they dealt with the incompleteness of inventories. The thesis this paper proposes is that the incompleteness of inventories cannot simply be considered the result of deviant behaviour of surviving dependants or unknown third parties. Instead, the fact that the authorities accepted obvious blanks within the records is indicative of a subject-authority-relationship with far more cooperative elements than widely expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mystery concerning a seal type erroneously interpreted in the past, could be solved with the help of a new parallel piece. The legend presents Nikephoros Botaneiates (who later became emperor) as magistros, bestes, bestarches , and doux of Nisos and Edesos for the middle of the 11th century (surely before 1061). This is the earliest mention of Nisos’ upgrading from a strategis to a doukate (because of increasing difficulties with the kingdom of Hungary, the Pechenegs, and the archon of Diokleia). It is impossible to identify Edesos with one of the known toponyms of Edessa. We prefer to interpret Edesos as an (ephemeral?) Greek name of Branichevo (or esp. of its fortress). This town was the center of the northern part of the doukate of Nish, which reached till the Danube, and was of enormous strategic value. Two more seals mention Edesos as the seat of a topoteretes (the deputy commander of the doux) and of a metropolitan (perhaps of southern Hungary, during a period when Branichevo belonged to this kingdom). Finally some others seals from the region of Morava and Branichevo are discussed to illuminate the historical importance of this territory during the 11th and 12th centuries.

The incorporation of women into the public arena has increasingly attracted the attention of scholars in public administration. Yet there has been little analysis of this phenomenon from a long-term perspective. This article is an evaluation of the integration of women into the public sector in Chile from the mid-nineteenth century to the Great Depression, c.1860–1930. Based on the national budget and statistical yearbooks, the article provides the first estimates of Chilean female public employees, identifying the main sectors they entered, and analyzing both social and political factors which permitted the entrance of women into public administration. The employment of women in public agencies was facilitated by a change in the role assigned to women in society, fiscal crises, the emergence of nationalistic economic ideas, the actions of the feminist movement, and changes in the way administrative tasks were conceived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In January 1643, a dispute over the election of the Lord Mayor of York led to the assertation of the authority of the Royalist military governor through armed force at the instigation of the King's Lord-General in the North, the Earl of Newcastle. This paper takes a micro-historical approach to this event; analysing the mechanics of the coup, particularly the exchange of letters between the civic corporation and Newcastle, the state of the York city charter in the 1640 s, the legal arguments used by both the corporation and the Royalists and the after-effects of the incident on relations between the civic and military governments of the city. However, the primary focus of the article is on how Royalist administration functioned on the local level. Owing to the destruction of Royalist records following their defeat in 1644-45, Royalist administration occupies a limited position in the historiography of the British Civil Wars. This article aims at helping to correct this deficiency using civic corporations' own records of their interactions with the Royalists, which typically survived the Civil Wars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In democratic constitutional states, public archives have the duty to enable access to historical information of state action in order to help secure the traceability of politics and the accountability of authorities. However, this is not an obvious statement and it has not always and everywhere been true. This paper traces the history of the access services of the Swiss Federal Archives (SFA) since 1848. Drawing on the concept of street-level bureaucracy, it focuses on face-to-face interactions between users and archivists in the reading room. In this vein, it provides an organisational history from bottom-up. It argues that the opening of access and increasing numbers of users intensified the bureaucratization of access procedures. Within this context, particular attention is paid to the digitization of the access interface and its bearing on (reading room) encounters of users and archivists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I consider the reasons why a question about changing patterns of administrative history in Cameroon is easy to ask but hard to answer. Exploring this raises many issues of changing terminology, differences between quasi-colonial and post-colonial administration of the administration of the state (as it were) and decisions that in some cases were superseded before being implemented. A summary table is presented with comments about the limits of reliability of the figures.

The National Archives and Records Administration, in partnership with private support foundations, administers 13 individual presidential libraries comprising the Presidential Library System. These privately constructed, publicly supported archives not only preserve official presidential records but through their museum displays offer visitors a glimpse into the life and times of specific presidents. Utilizing legislation, archival documents, and elite interviews to characterize governance and administration structures of these relationships, this study outlines the nature of current public–private partnerships within the Presidential Library System, as well as the potential departure from existing frameworks for future partnerships absent formalized guidance procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the structure, scope and territorial jurisdiction of the Varaždin City Government, a unit of local administration that governed the Varaždin municipality in the period 1918-1941. From 1918 to 1920, the city municipality included the area of the city of Varaždin together with the villages of Varaždin Breg and Novo Selo, and from January 1, 1921 it was further expanded with the village of Šandorovec. Two basic laws defined the structure and scope of city governments between the two world wars: the Law on the Organization of City Municipalities in the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia of 1895 and the Law on City Municipalities of 1934. After the introduction of the dictatorship in 1929, two more laws were passed that had a decisive impact on the functioning of cities. One dissolved all self-governments on the territory of the state and the other annulled all existing election procedures, so that all subsequent city councils were appointed by a Ban’s decision. The abolition of previous legislation, strict hierarchical supervision, the appointment of city councils and government commissioners close to the state regime and the complete denial of electoral principles led, especially in the first half of the 1930s, to the narrowing of self-governing rights of city municipalities. The paper presents three mutually coordinated bodies of the City Government: the council as a local representative body, committees as advisory bodies of the council and the government as an executive body. The chapter on the city council, in addition to the structure and competencies, provides a chronological overview of the mandate of the council and a list of mayors and government commissioners who changed during the interwar years. In the 1920s, four city councils were elected and from 1929 to 1941, five were appointed. All four elected councils disbanded before the end of a six-year term due to political and party disagreements, lack of a solid coalition or personal animosities. The city council was chaired by the mayors or presidents of the city municipality. In the observed period, Varaždin had four elected and eight appointed mayors and six government commissioners. The longest-serving elected mayor was Vjenceslav Podgajski with a four-and-a-half-year term. The council had standing committees for more efficient solution of administrative cases and faster decision making. The committees were established in accordance with the statute (Legal-Political Committee, Excise, Economic, For Paupers and Orphans, For City Enterprises, etc.) or particular legislation (School, Agricultural, Committee for Emergency Passages, Health, etc.). Their number varied over the years between twelve and eighteen. The performance of all administrative and self-governing tasks belonged to the domain of the government, which was divided into organizational units, the so-called sections. However, little attention was paid to the organization itself. The greatest progress towards better organization was made only in 1937, when the number of departments was finally stabilized and the systematic marking of files with numerical designations of organizational units began. From then until 1941 the administrative work had been conducted in twelve and later thirteen departments (one department was established in 1938). This article should make it easier for researchers to use the material of exceptionally valuable, frequently used and researched archival fonds of the State Archives in Varaždin, but it can also serve as a guide for understanding the administrative history of other city governments in continental Croatia, whose functioning is defined by the same legislation and the general socio-political climate of the interwar period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presentation of the thesis has a historical and reflective dimension on the past, the state and the future of territorial decentralization in Romania, and therefore in time. It is research which concerns a series of problems in Romanian local public administration, its development and even its future. Questioning about the decentralization in Romania since 1859, when Romania was created, is to establish a historical and modern inventory, both of the Romanian local administrative system and of its politico-legal evolution until now (2020). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a historical investigation of the state education grants and loans system in Denmark during the period 1950–2000. Since 1952, Danish students enrolled in higher education programmes have been subsidised under a unified public financial aid scheme, with varying degrees of general coverage. During the first decades of the state support arrangement, the amounts offered were low, and targeted the neediest students on a purely discretionary basis. Today, financial aid is granted to all students, in the form of universal and rights-based transfer payments. This paper focuses on the institutional traits of the aid scheme, paying special attention to its level of decentralisation, and examines the critical points in the evolution of the legal and administrative framework behind the student support system in Denmark. The central aim of this study is to provide important insight into the policy and organisational development of a national financial aid scheme for students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Osmanlı Araştırmaları is the property of Turkiye Diyanet Foundation Centre for Islamic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This sudy aims to reveal the geograpihical, natural, social, economic and adminstrative status of the Yozgat Sanjak of the Ankara Province at the begining of the 20th Century and the two major districts of Bogazlıyan and Akdagmadeni. In this context, the main source of the study is the 1325 numbered Ankara Province Yearbook and the documents in the Ottoman and Republican Archives. Besides some research works related to history of Yozgat will be utilized. In this study, It was noted that Yozgat had almost smiliar geographical and natural features to present day. Although the majority of the population consist of Muslims, the non Muslims population is found both in the center and in the two center and in the two districts of Salname. The Greek population is more dominant especially in Akdağmadeni region. The economic status of the Yozgat Sanjak’s and districts was recorded on taxes and cereals and livestocks. Especially in Akdagmadeni, the demands of the Greek population who came from Trabzon, Gümüşhane and Ünye from the Black Sea for a long time re-choose Christiyanity are also seen in the documents. As the name suggests, Akdagmadeni has been an area of attraction due to the fact that mining is a region where stone workmanship exists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zbornik Radova Vizantološkog Instituta is the property of Institute for Byzantine Studies of the Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores queer sexual policing in late Imperial St. Petersburg (c.1900–1917). The focus is on the street-level constables who bore the principal responsibility for policing male homosexual offenses in the city's public and semi-public spaces. This emphasis on the street-level policing of homosexuality contrasts with other discussions of gay urban history and the oppression of queer men by the authorities. The article draws on new evidence from precinct-level police archives to complement and challenge previous discussions of queer sexual policing in the Imperial capital. By taking the fate of queer men in an autocratic city, this article refines our understanding of the ways in which homosexual practices and identities emerged in modern times. Specifically, it builds on Michel Foucault's descriptions of constables as "arbiters of illegalities," where the term arbiter suggests rule-based and yet discretionary coercion. Here, the influential model of disciplinary policing of sexuality is complemented by an emphasis on the role of discretionary power in the history of homosexuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the digital humanities project SiCProD -- Prosopographical Database on the Court and Administration of Sigmund of Tyrol. In this project, we systematically recorded the people who worked at the court of (Arch)Duke Sigmund of Tyrol (1439-1490) or in the administration of his domain in a database visualizing their career paths as well as their family and other relationships. We first present the data model for SiCProD and the archival sources from which we have drawn the data, as well as the specific historical and geographical circumstances of Sigmunds reign, which we had to take into account when designing the project. With selected examples, we show the possibilities that arise for historians when using the database. We also discuss the problems and limitations of prosopographical research on the 15th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to the politics of Matthias Corvinus in Upper Silesia, namely to his attempt to establish a new family domain there. He intended to hand down the new domain to his illegitimate son John Corvinus. The authors try to answer the question whether the establishment of this domain was solely Corvinusʼ reaction to the politics of the local dukes, or whether it was a well-planned power strategy and the goal was to gain supremacy over the strategic space on the borders of three kingdoms — Bohemia, Poland and Hungary.