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BackgroundWith the growing stress on hospitals caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for home-based solutions has become a necessity to support these overwhelmed hospitals. ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to compare two nonpharmacological respiratory treatment methods for home-isolated COVID-19 patients using a newly developed telemanagement health care system. MethodsIn this single-blinded randomized clinical trial, 60 patients with stage 1 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection were treated. Group A (n=30) received oxygen therapy with bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) ventilation, and Group B (n=30) received osteopathic manipulative respiratory and physical therapy techniques. Arterial blood gases of PaO2 and PaCO2, pH, vital signs (ie, temperature, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and blood pressure), and chest computed tomography scans were used for follow-up and for assessment of the course and duration of recovery. ResultsAnalysis of the results showed a significant difference between the two groups (P

BackgroundArtificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Intelligent Things (IIoT) are promising technologies to prevent the concerningly rapid spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and to maximize safety during the pandemic. With the exponential increase in the number of COVID-19 patients, it is highly possible that physicians and health care workers will not be able to treat all cases. Thus, computer scientists can contribute to the fight against COVID-19 by introducing more intelligent solutions to achieve rapid control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes the disease. ObjectiveThe objectives of this review were to analyze the current literature, discuss the applicability of reported ideas for using AI to prevent and control COVID-19, and build a comprehensive view of how current systems may be useful in particular areas. This may be of great help to many health care administrators, computer scientists, and policy makers worldwide. MethodsWe conducted an electronic search of articles in the MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Embase, and Web of Knowledge databases to formulate a comprehensive review that summarizes different categories of the most recently reported AI-based approaches to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19. ResultsOur search identified the 10 most recent AI approaches that were suggested to provide the best solutions for maximizing safety and preventing the spread of COVID-19. These approaches included detection of suspected cases, large-scale screening, monitoring, interactions with experimental therapies, pneumonia screening, use of the IIoT for data and information gathering and integration, resource allocation, predictions, modeling and simulation, and robotics for medical quarantine. ConclusionsWe found few or almost no studies regarding the use of AI to examine COVID-19 interactions with experimental therapies, the use of AI for resource allocation to COVID-19 patients, or the use of AI and the IIoT for COVID-19 data and information gathering/integration. Moreover, the adoption of other approaches, including use of AI for COVID-19 prediction, use of AI for COVID-19 modeling and simulation, and use of AI robotics for medical quarantine, should be further emphasized by researchers because these important approaches lack sufficient numbers of studies. Therefore, we recommend that computer scientists focus on these approaches, which are still not being adequately addressed.

There is a lack of evidence-based reviews on the effects of laser irradiation on blood coagulation in the literature, despite a large number of clinical trials. We therefore evaluated the available evidence on laser irradiation parameters used in coagulation of blood to optimize physical parameters. We performed a literature search for recent scientific studies indexed between 2017 and 2023 using the databases of PubMed and ScienceDirect. Articles were selected based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 78 publications in total were eventually included in this scoping review. The following were found to produce significant benefits in blood coagulation for surgical application: (1) dentistry and oral surgeries: 980 nm, 27 s, 2 W, 1502.7 W/cm2, 26.5 J, 622 J/cm2, 400 μm; (2) urogenital disorders: 532 nm, 4 s, 40 W, 10600 W/cm2, 1.3 J, 424 J/cm2, 600 μm; (3) ophthalmic disorders: 810 nm, 1 s, 1 W, 3540 W/cm2, 0.75 J, 1326 J/cm2, 100 μm; (4) embryological surgeries: 1064 nm, 10 s, 25 W, 35400 W/cm2, 262.5 J, 371000 J/cm2, 332.5 μm; (5) dermatological disorders: 1064 nm, 20 W, 2440 W/cm2, 0.1 J, 24 J/cm2, 670 μm; (6) gastrointestinal disorders: 532 nm, 3 s, 20 W, 1051 W/cm2, 120 J, 26500 J/cm2, 760 μm; (7) neurological surgeries: 2.5 s, 1.5 W, 1035 W/cm2, 2 J, 1584 J/cm2, 385 μm; (8) pulmonary disorders: 1320 nm, 5s, 35 W, 12450 W/cm2, 250 J, 65000 J/cm2, 700 μm (9) cardiovascular disorders: 1064 nm, 16.5 s, 5 W, 1980.5 W/cm2, 900 J, 760 J/cm2, 400 μm. In conclusion, our scoping review identifies that combining data from all clinically heterogeneous studies suggests that laser irradiation reflects an effective method for inducing blood coagulation in several medical fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review summarizes the available recent literature on different mechanisms and parameters of pulsed ultrasound (US) that have been used during orthodontic treatments to prevent and repair root resorption. A literature search was conducted between January (2002) and September (2022) in the following databases: PubMed, Google-Scholar, Embase, and The-Cochrane-Library. After exclusions, a total of 19 papers were included in the present review. The most used US parameters with positive outcomes were frequency of 1.5 MHz, pulse repetition frequency of 1000 Hz, output intensity of 30 mW/cm2, duration of application of 20 min and total number sessions were 14 with a repetition interval of 1 day. The suggested mechanisms induced by US were alteration of cementoblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, alkaline-phosphatase (ALP), runt-related-gene−2 (Runx2), osteoprotegerin (OPG), type-I-collagen (Col-I), C-telopeptide-type-I-collagen (CTX-I), hepatocyte-growth-factor (HGF), bone morphogenetic protein−2 (BMP−2), cyclooxygenase−2 (Cox−2), calcium (Ca2+), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-B ligand (RANKL), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-B (RANK). Understanding mechanisms and deciding which parameters of US that can be used during orthodontic treatment to prevent and repair root resorption is a great challenge. This work summarizes all the available data that can aid this process and suggest that US is an effective noninvasive method not only in prevention and repairing of orthodontic induced root resorption but also in accelerating teeth movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To assess effect of orthodontic treatment on anterior or lateral functional shift in mixed dentition stage by telemonitoring mandibular movements in four-dimensions using a novel objective method that can assist in orthodontics and other dental specialties without the need of expensive, bulky or complicated equipment.Methods: A sample of 60 patients was divided into two groups. Group I included 30 patients with normal occlusion and TMJ functions. Group II included 30 patients that were diagnosed with an abnormal path of closure in antero-posterior or transverse directions due to disharmony between centric occlusion and centric relation. The latter group was orthodontically treated and mandibular movements were measured before, during, directly after orthodontic treatment, and one year after treatment using our proposed method. To evaluate validity and reliability of our method, it was compared with two methods, a commercially available mandibular scanner, and a low-cost graphical method that utilizes a sheet of wax and a stylus.Results: It was found that the overall differences between opening and closing curves of our proposed method and the other two methods were small and negligible (p > 0.05).Discussion: It was found that our proposed method is offering a reasonably accurate, simple and rapid way to telemonitor the mandible movements in four-dimensions using the rear/front camera of any smart-phone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is a continuously growing approach to stimulating healing and reducing inflammation and pain. However, its effects in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are still under investigation. Studying PBM effects on the regenerative capacity of zebrafish can allow the application of novel clinical approaches where the impact of PBM will be cross‐linked with the stem‐cell therapeutic approaches. This study was done to establish an in‐vivo experimental setup for studying the effects of laser and ultraviolet therapy on zebrafish caudal‐fin regeneration and vascularization. Thirty zebrafish were randomly and equally allocated into three groups. The caudal‐fins of all zebrafish were amputated under anaesthesia. In the first control group, the caudal‐fin was only monitored until fully regenerated. In the second group, the amputated‐fin was irradiated with ultraviolet. Finally, in the third group, the amputated‐fin was irradiated with laser. Caudal‐fin regeneration and vascularization were assessed at days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 in all fish. In terms of regeneration, the results indicated that it is possible to discriminate the regenerative effect of laser with the experimental setup as laser therapy showed a statistically significant difference when compared to control‐group. It was also found that regenerative stimulation of the group that received ultraviolet therapy showed significant difference when compared to the control group. In terms of vascularization, there was a statistically significant difference in all groups of the study, which may suggest that laser as well as ultraviolet have limited effects in terms of improving vascularization. This study presented a novel, simple and inexpensive method for the assessment of PBM effects on zebrafish. Laser and ultraviolet therapy appeared to act as regenerative stimulators for caudal‐fin regeneration of zebrafish. However, laser therapy results were, to some extent, better than ultraviolet therapy. This novel in‐vivo design of the experiment led to more rapid and reproducible results than in‐vitro experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]