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The goal of this research is to increase the performance of AA 7150 reinforced with TiO2 microparticles by optimizing the stir casting parameters. The response surface method's central composite design technique was used to optimize the three stir casting factors of stirring temperature (A), stirring speed (B), and stirring time (C). The ultimate tensile strength, hardness, impact strength, elastic modulus, and compressive strength were all tested. With the aid of analysis of variance, it was discovered that it had a substantial influence on the test samples' characteristics responses. 5 quadratic experiments were linked using factors' characteristics. At a level of 95% confidence, the models were found to be statistically important, and the variations were found to be less than 5%. The response surface was used to assess the parameter interaction profile. Each interaction's contour plots provided a range of stirring settings within which each property may be maximized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Autoimmune diseases are the diseases that result due to the overactive immune response, and comprehend systemic autoimmune diseases like Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Sjӧgren's Syndrome (SS), and organ-specific autoimmune diseases like type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), Myasthenia Gravis (MG), and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Currently, there is no long-term cure; but, several treatments exist which retard the evolution of the disease, embracing gene therapy, which has been scrutinized to hold immense aptitude for the management of autoimmune diseases., Objective: The review highlights the pathogenic mechanisms and genes liable for the development of autoimmune diseases, namely T1DM, type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), RA, SS, IBD, and MG. Furthermore, the review focuses on investigating the outcomes of delivering the corrective genes with their specific viral vectors in various animal models experiencing these diseases to determine the effectiveness of gene therapy., Methods: Numerous review and research articles emphasizing the tremendous potential of gene therapy in the management of autoimmune diseases were procured from PubMed, MEDLINE, Frontier, and other databases and thoroughly studied for writing this review article., Results: The various animal models that experienced treatment with gene therapy have displayed regulation in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, infiltration of lymphocytes, manifestations associated with autoimmune diseases, and maintained equilibrium in the immune response, thereby compete with the progression of autoimmune diseases., Conclusion: Gene therapy has revealed prodigious aptitude in the management of autoimmune diseases in various animal studies, but further investigation is essential to combat the limitations associated with it and before employing it on humans., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)