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Knowledge is the fundamental aspect of every health care organization. to devotion to necessary of immediate newborn care. At hospital-based level resuscitation is the first step for the prevention of complication in newborn. Objective: To assess the knowledge of nurses and midwives regarding immediate newborn care. Methods: Data was collected from 200 nurses and midwives from two maternity hospitals (Lady Willingdon hospital and Lady Aitchison hospital) Lahore using structured based questionnaire. A hospital based descriptive study design was conducted in labor rooms of two maternity hospitals of Lahore. Results: The result showed that, study population had a fair knowledge level in spite of this; their performance level of practices was poor towards immediate care of the newborn. Conclusions: The study showed that nurses and midwives performed well below the expertise levels of knowledge and skills regarding immediate care of the newborn This assessment highlighted that there is very extreme need of training and education for nurses and midwives and episodic assessment to tackle gaps and develop overwhelmed continuing modules for education

Knowledge is the fundamental aspect of every health care organization. to devotion to necessary of immediate newborn care. Objective: To assess the information, attitude, and practices of nurses and midwifery staff in two maternity hospitals in Lahore regarding abrupt newborn care. Methods: Data were collected from 200 participants using a structured questionnaire. The results indicated that while the study population had fair knowledge, their performance level in terms of practices towards immediate newborn care was poor. Results: The findings suggest a significant need for training and education for nurses and midwives in this area. The participants had high levels of knowledge and practice, but their attitudes were highly skewed to the right, indicating a potentially problematic distribution. Conclusion: The information of nurses’ midwives regarding instant care of the newborn in labour room was reasonable 53% performance of the participants were poor. Worldwide precautions are not fallowed properly in these two mentioned hospital. Overall, this study highlights the importance of ongoing education for healthcare professionals to ensure the best possible care for newborns.

In this study, mitigation of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions was evaluated using the sandal Santalum Album as biosorbent. The removal capacity of the Cu(II) was studied in batch experiments including such as initial metal concentration (25-400 mg/L), biosorbent dose (0.05-0.2 g), effects of contact time (0-1440 min), kinetics and pre-treatment of the biosorbent. The maximum removal of Cu(II) was obtained at the optimum pH of 5. The maximum equilibrium uptake for Cu(II) was Ba(OH)2-SA(248.8 mg/g-1) at 400 ppm. Kinetics studies explained that, mitigation of the Cu(II) was very fast from 0 to 120 min and achieved equilibrium at 240 min. The equilibrium was well explained by Frendlich isotherm. Kinetics was well fitted to pseudo second order equation with high R2 values.

Objective: Hearing loss (HL) with a local prevalence of 5.7%, is the commonest childhood disability, requiring Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) programs to reduce the disability burden. Knowing the degree, type and configuration of HL is prerequisite for appropriate amplification, with Automated Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABR) being commonly used for this purpose, however Auditory Steady State Response (ASSR) has been recently introduced in the region. This study was conducted to compare ABR to ASSR, as an early diagnostic tool in children under five years of age. Methodology: This cross-sectional comparative study was performed at the Auditory Verbal Institute of Audiology and Speech (AVIAS) clinics in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, from December 2016 to September 2017. It included thirty-two cases (n=32) who visited AVIAS clinics for hearing assessment and conformed to the investigative protocol using non probability convenient sampling technique, and subjected to both ABR and ASSR for comparative purposes. Correlations were calculated between the thresholds obtained by ABR and ASSR. Results: N=32 children (64 ears) with male female ratio of 2.2:1 and mean age of 33.50±17.73 months were tested with ABR and ASSR for hearing thresholds and correlation coefficient between 2KHz, 4KHz ASSR and average of both with ABR was calculated to be 0.92 and 0.90 and 0.94 respectively. Conclusion: ASSR provides additional frequency specific hearing threshold estimation compared to C-ABR, essentially required for proper setting of amplification devices.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of joints with no permanent cure. Although, there are some treatment strategies for RA that can go into remission but a precise treatment strategy is not currently available due to different patient manifestations. In addition, the use of various naturally available anti-inflammatory agents and antioxidants are hampered due to their instability in blood and lack of effective penetration into the synovial fluid. In this study, we aimed to enhance the therapeutic potential of natural but less bioavailable flavonoids by using lipid-based nanocarriers. Three types of lipid nanocarriers including stearic acid (SA), stearic-lauric (SL), and lecithin-chitosan (LC) nanocarriers (with encapsulated naringenin) were prepared by hot melt encapsulation and coprecipitation techniques, respectively. Arthritis in rats was induced by a single injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in the sub-planter region of the left hind paw. Thirty six (36) male albino rats were divided into six groups with six animals each. Sole naringenin (NAR) and NAR-loaded lipid NPs (40 mg/kg) were administered orally to treatment groups after 1 h of CFA injection for 28 days continuously. NAR-loaded nanocarriers of spherical shape were synthesized with an average size less than ∼190 nm and zeta potential ( +30 mV for LC). We observed the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 85%, 78% and 81% for LC, SA and SL, respectively. In vitro release of NAR from all nanoformulations showed sustained release behaviour. NAR loaded all lipid nanoformulations significantly (p

The study was designed to evaluate the phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativum), mint (Mentha spicata), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), oak (Quercus), aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller), and ginger (Zingiber officinale). All extracts showed a wide range of total phenolic contents, that is, 4.96 to 98.37 mg/100 g gallic acid equivalents, and total flavonoid contents, that is, 0.41 to 17.64 mg/100 g catechin equivalents. Antioxidant activity (AA) was determined by measuring reducing power, inhibition of peroxidation using linoleic acid system, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activity. Different extracts inhibited oxidation of linoleic acid by 16.6–84.2% while DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 values) ranged from 17.8% to 79.1 μg/mL. Reducing power at 10 mg/mL extract concentration ranged from 0.11 to 0.84 nm. Furthermore the extracts of these medicinal herbs in 80% methanol, 80% ethanol, 80% acetone, and 100% water were screened for antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method against selected bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Pasteurella multocida, and fungal strains, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus solani, and Alternaria alternata. The extracts show better antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains as compared to fungal strains. Results of various assays were analyzed statistically by applying appropriate statistical methods.

Bioactive polyphenols, cartenoids, and anthocyanins present in fruits and vegetables are receiving much attention because of their potential antioxidant activity. This study was conducted to determine antioxidant activity of leaves, peels, stem bark, and kernel of mango varieties langra and chonsa. Total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFCs) in segments of langra ranged from 63.89 to 116.80 mg GAE/g DW and 45.56 to 90.89 mg CE/g DW, respectively, and that of chonsa were 69.24 to 122.60 mg GAE/g DW and 48.43 to 92.55 mg CE/g DW, respectively. The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and linoleic inhibition capacity in segments of langra ranged from 53.30% to 61.10% and 40.0% to 47.20%, respectively, whereas for chonsa; 56.40% to 66.0% and 48.1% to 49.0%, respectively. The reducing potentials of different segments of langra and chonsa at concentration of 10 mg/mL were 0.512 to 0.850 and 0.595 to 0.665 mV, respectively. Comparison between both varieties showed chonsa exhibited better antioxidant activity. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using completely randomised design (CRD) under factorial.