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Bachgrounds and Objectives: Oil, gas and petrochemical are known as important sources of air pollutants and emission of green house gases. About 99 percent of sulfur dioxide in the air is produced from human resources. Although several samples have been taken from industries and refineries' output by environmental experts and private companies, but accurate assessment is not available based on pollutant emissions on product levels (emission coefficients) and on the total amount of the annual emission which, can be used as basic modeling of air pollution and planning.Materials and Methods: This study was cross sectional and the output of the chimney measured with Testo 350 XL system. Performance standard was determined based on ASTM D6522 EPACTMO30-41. The amounts of sulfur dioxide were measured from Tehran oil refinery's outlet from the beginning of the march 2007 till the year 2008 for 20 months. Sampling was carried out on averaged range (9 am to 14 pm).Results: The results showed that Northern Distillation unit produced pollutants' concentration more than 3 times in the southern Distillation unit. An emission of pollutants from Northern unit was, 2.8 times higher than the Southern unit. The northern emission factor was 5.6 times higher than the value obtained from southern unit. The Concentration, emissions and coefficient of sulfur dioxide in North catalyst convert unit were more than 2 times in comparison with the same South unit. These three factors in northern concentration breakers unit were 3, 2.6 and 2.6 times higher than the Southern concentration breakers unit‚ respectively.Discussion: Emission rate in all northern units is 2 to 3 times more than similar southern units. The production volumes in northern units are higher than the southern units and the southern units designed properly to remove more pollutants .The use of new technologies in production processes and application of the latest scientific resources can play a major role on pollutants' reduction.

Abstract Following the advent of the coronavirus pandemic, tocilizumab has emerged as a potentially efficacious therapeutic intervention. The utilization of O3-Heterogeneous photocatalytic process (O3-HPCP) as a hybrid advanced oxidation technique has been employed for the degradation of pollutants. The present study employed a solvothermal technique for the synthesis of the BiOI-MOF composite. The utilization of FTIR, FESEM, EDAX, XRD, UV–vis, BET, TEM, and XPS analysis was employed to confirm the exceptional quality of the catalyst. the study employed an experimental design, subsequently followed by the analysis of collected data in order to forecast the most favorable conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of several factors, including reaction time (30–60 min), catalyst dose (0.25–0.5 mg/L), pH levels (4–8), ozone concentration (20–40 mMol/L), and tocilizumab concentration (10–20 mg/L), on the performance of O3-HPCP. The best model was discovered by evaluating the F-value and P-value coefficients, which were found to be 0.0001 and 347.93, respectively. In the given experimental conditions, which include a catalyst dose of 0.46 mg/L, a reaction time of 59 min, a pH of 7.0, and an ozone concentration of 32 mMol/L, the removal efficiencies were found to be 92% for tocilizumab, 79.8% for COD, and 59% for TOC. The obtained R2 value of 0.98 suggests a strong correlation between the observed data and the predicted values, indicating that the reaction rate followed first-order kinetics. The coefficient of synergy for the degradation of tocilizumab was shown to be 1.22. The catalyst exhibited satisfactory outcomes, but with a marginal reduction in efficacy of approximately 3%. The sulfate ion (SO4 2−) exhibited no influence on process efficiency, whereas the nitrate ion (NO3 −) exerted the most significant impact among the anions. The progress of the process was impeded by organic scavengers, with methanol exhibiting the most pronounced influence and sodium azide exerting the least significant impact. The efficacy of pure BiOI and NH2-MIL125 (Ti) was diminished when employed in their pure form state. The energy consumption per unit of degradation, denoted as EEO, was determined to be 161.8 KWh/m3-order.

Objective(s): Microencapsulation is the most common technique that has been utilized to increase the stability of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of whey protein isolate (WPI) in the microencapsulation of Citrus medica essential oil (CEO) by ultrasonication method.Materials and Methods: The influences of core-coating ratio (10-100%) and ultrasonication power (50-150W) on the physicochemical properties of microcapsules were evaluated. Results: Particle diameter of the microparticles increased by increasing the core-coating ratio. PDI value increased and decreased with the increase of core ratio. The highest encapsulation efficiency (EE) (84.8%) belonged to CEO loaded microcapsule with values of US power and core-coating ratio equal 100. Mathematical modeling indicated that the type of release from microcapsule containing CEO in different simulating conditions was fake release and a combination of fake/complex release. SEM results confirmed a spherical shape-like structure. The formation of new interactions between WPI and CEO was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. Conclusion: The results showed that the encapsulation of Citrus medica L. essential oil by biopolymers can be successful.

Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARSCoV-2), the causative agent of the pandemic coronavirus disorder 2019 (COVID-19), has claimed over million lives. According to WHO statistics, there have been more [...], The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) from China in December 2019 led to the coronavirus disorder 2019 pandemic, which has affected tens of millions of humans worldwide. Various in silico research via bio-cheminformatics methods were performed to examine the efficiency of a range of repurposed approved drugs with a new role as anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. The current study has been performed to screen the approved drugs in the DrugBank database based on a novel bioinformatics/cheminformatics strategy to repurpose available approved drugs towards introducing them as a possible anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug. As a result, 96 approved drugs with the best docking scores passed through several relevant filters were presented as the candidate drugs with potential novel antiviral activities against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Key words: SARS-CoV-2, drug repurposing, docking, in silico screening, DrugBank

Extended AbstractAbstractExamining leadership models in today's complex and uncertain conditions suggests that competitive and hierarchical based traditional leadership models do not meet the environmental challenges facing organizations and the need to pay attention to follower-based leadership styles is being felt. For this purpose, the present study was conducted with the aim of discovering the meaning and fundamental structure of self-sacrificial leadership. The case study includes the operational staff of the emergency organizations (firefighters and medical emergency staff) in Mashhad. Eighteen individuals were chosen in a purposive sampling method to reach the point of theoretical saturation. The present study employs a phenomenological research strategy and Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data. Four measures of validity, transferability, dependability, and confirmability were emphasized to ensure the qualitative rigor of the present study. MAXQDA qualitative analysis software was used to classify the qualitative findings of the study. Based on the results of this study, thirteen sub-components were classified into three components. The discovered components of self-sacrificial leadership from the participants' point of view are ignoring material and spiritual assets, ignoring sources of power and self-sacrifice. Finally, based on the obtained components, a description of the meaning and structure of self-sacrificial leadership was provided. From the point of view of the operational forces of rescue organizations, the meaning of self- sacrificial leadership is a management style in which the commander and the operational manager, by emphasizing their ideals, sacrifice material and spiritual assets and sources of power, and finally the level of sacrifice of interests reaches its peak with self-sacrifice.IntroductionLeadership has long been the focus of group and organizational behaviors research (Nabih et al., 2016; Steffens et al., 2020). Since leadership is intertwined with group membership (Steffens et al., 2020), one of the main characteristics of this concept is the emphasis on leaders achieving collective goals rather than personal goals (Braun et al., 2018).According to previous research, one of the most effective ways to meet the needs of followers is self-sacrifice (Choi & Yoon, 2005; Liu et al., 2021). Numerous studies on many leaders, including the heads of associations, political leaders, or military leaders, discuss the leaders’ self-sacrifice in fulfilling others’ interests. Obviously, individuals value such behaviors while motivated by observing self-sacrificial behaviors (Raza Zaidi & Siddiqui, 2021).Although some studies on self-sacrificial leadership have emphasized the unique role of self-sacrificial leadership in critical situations (Halverson et al., 2004) and the role of organizational context in promoting self-sacrificial leadership (Matteson, 2006), these studies are exclusive to business, religious, and military organizations (Matteson, 2006), and the rescue and relief organizations symbolizing self-sacrifice have not been considered. A review of the literature revealed that the quantitative studies are derived from studies on charismatic leadership. On the other hand, the behavioral components of this concept have been neglected in the leadership literature. Accordingly, it is deemed necessary to focus on the behavioral components of self-sacrificial leadership the rescue and relief organizations, which are always involved in a crisis, and whose operations are sacrifice-oriented.Case study The purposive sampling method was used to select the study samples. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Having experienced the considered phenomenon, and (2) having the ability to describe and express one’s experience clearly. The required data was collected using semi-structured interviews with 18 persons from the rescue and relief organizations in Mashhad. Regarding the place of service, 12 persons were working in the fire department, and six individuals were working in medical emergencies. After obtaining the interviewees' consent, the interviews were recorded and fully transcribed to ensure that no information was overlooked. In all the interviews, the participants were asked to express their experiences, thoughts, feelings, and understanding of self-sacrificial leadership and exemplify them. Materials and MethodsThe present study employed descriptive phenomenology using Colaizzi’s framework. Regarding the nature of the phenomenology strategy, the phenomenology research strategy has been used. Considering the descriptive phenomenological strategy (Husserl) is based on the creation of the nature of a specific phenomenon, the explicit expression of the implicit structure, the nature of the phenomenon, and the meaning of human experiences, Husserl's phenomenological approach was used in this study.Discussion and ResultsAfter interviewing 18 firefighters and medical emergency operatives, Colaizzi’s eight-step method was used to extract the codes from the interviews. In the first step, which was done to study the written protocol, the statements obtained from the interview were transcribed. Then each of the transcribed texts was considered separately and read several times. In the second step, important propositions in the interviewees' descriptions were extracted. Then, duplicate sentences were removed from the categorized statements. After removing duplicate and highly similar items, 215 important propositions were extracted from all the interviews. In the third step, i.e., formulation of meanings, the participants’ meanings were extracted from their statements. In the fourth step, the extracted meanings were organized. First, similar compressed units were placed in a set. Then, similar semantic units were checked and labelled. At the end of this step, 215 propositions were classified into 13 sub-components. Finally, after analyzing the data in four step, three components were finalized. In the fifth step, the results were integrated with the form of a comprehensive description. In the sixth step, the comprehensive description of the previous step was formulated as an unambiguous statement to identify the phenomenon's main structure. From the point of view of operational forces of the rescue and relief organizations, the meaning of self-sacrificial leadership is as follows: "It is a management style in which the commander, emphasizing his ideals, gives up material and spiritual possessions and power resources; eventually, he reaches the peak of this trait with self-sacrifice." Finally, in the seventh and eighth steps, the participants were asked again for revalidation, and it was ensured that the descriptive results did not differ from their experiences and that no experience was missed.ConclusionThe present study sought to comprehend the meaning of self-sacrificial leadership from the perspective of operational forces in the rescue and relief organizations. After analyzing the data, 13 subcomponents and three components were identified as the dimensions of self-sacrificial leadership. The main point highlighted by interviewees in this dimension is facilitating the obstacles. According to the interviewees, giving up the power resources with 19 identified instances is the second priority. This component refers to themes expressing the manager's disregard for official authority, the use of organizational structure and rules, and control of knowledge and information. The third identified component was the commitment of leaders. Self-sacrifice is the highest level of sacrifice that is at the heart of such organizations. The active forces in the participating organizations in the present research risk their lives by participating in difficult and breathtaking missions and giving up their lives to put out the fire or to save the patient's life. In addition to being a pioneer in high-risk situations, the commander in such organizations spare efforts to protect the lives of his followers. This implies that one of the hallmarks of self-sacrificial leaders is to undertake risky tasks for the collective good personally.

Human is usually exposed to environmental radiation from natural and man-made sources. Therefore, it is important to investigate the effects of exposure to environmental radiation, partly related to understanding and protecting against the risk of exposure to environmental radiation with beneficial and adverse impacts on human life. The rapid development of technologies causes a dramatic enhancement of radiation in the human environment. In this study, we address the biological effects caused by different fractions of non-ionizing electromagnetic irradiation to humans and describe possible approaches for minimizing adverse health effects initiated by radiation. The main focus was on biological mechanisms initiated by irradiation and represented protection, and safety approaches to prevent health disorders.

The Welded Unreinforced Flange-Welded Web (WUF-W) Moment Connection is one of the most common types of rigid connections in steel moment frames. However, due to continuity plates installing challenges in the box columns, developing the design equation of continuity plates and finding creative alternative solutions instead of installing inner continuity plates in box columns are the matter of interest to the researchers. Considering the new continuity plate design approach in the AISC 341-16 and the part 10 of the Iranian National Building Code and the ambiguities that have arisen, in this research 42 WUF-W connections have been modeled and numerically studied under monotonic and cyclic loading. The results show that the approach has been taken by the 5th editions of part 10 of the Iranian National Building Code based on mandatory installing the continuity plate in box columns is strict. It seems that the equation for design the minimum thickness of the continuity plates in 4th edition of part 10 of the Iranian National Building Code can be satisfy the seismic provisions of AISC 341-16 by the correction factor equal to 1.7.

ABSTRACTThe development of increasingly complex antibody formats, such as bispecifics, can lead to the formation of increasingly complex high- and low-molecular-weight by-products. Here, we focus on the characterization of high molecular weight species (HMWs) representing the highest complexity of size variants. Standard methods used for product release, such as size exclusion chromatography (SEC), can separate HMW by-products from the main product, but cannot distinguish smaller changes in mass. Here, for the identification of the diverse and complex HMW variants of a trivalent bispecific CrossMAb antibody, offline fractionation, as well as production of HMW by-products combined with comprehensive analytical testing, was applied. Furthermore, HMW variants were analyzed regarding their chemical binding nature and tested in functional assays regarding changes in potency of the variants. Changes in potency were explained by detailed characterization using mass photometry, SDS-PAGE analysis, native mass spectrometry (MS) coupled to SEC and bottom-up proteomics. We identified a major portion of the HMW by-products to be non-covalently linked, leading to dissociation and changes in activity. We also identified and localized high heterogeneity of a by-product of concern and applied a CD3 affinity column coupled to native MS to annotate unexpected by-products. We present here a multi-method approach for the characterization of complex HMW by-products. A better understanding of these by-products is beneficial to guide analytical method development and proper specification setting for therapeutic bispecific antibodies to ensure constant efficacy and patient safety of the product through the assessment of by-products.

We present a comprehensive set of theoretical results for differential, integrated, and momentum transfer cross sections for the elastic scattering of electrons by beryllium, magnesium, and calcium at energies below 1 keV. In addition, we provide Sherman function values for elastic electron scattering from calcium in the same energy range. This study extends the application of our method of calculations, already employed for barium and strontium, to all stable alkaline-earth-metal atoms. Our semi-empirical approach to treating target polarization has produced in our earlier work a satisfactory agreement with experimental values and precise theoretical results such as convergent close-coupling calculations for barium. The present data are expected to be of similar high accuracy, based on our previous success in similar calculations for barium and all inert gases.

Antibiotics used for human health, animal husbandry, and aquaculture all contribute to wastewater that contains harmful levels of the drugs. The pharmaceutical sector is responsible for producing dangerous and toxic wastewater. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the adsorption behaviour of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and levofloxacin (LFX) on amine/metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Initially, a composite of NH2/MOF was synthesised, and its properties were evaluated using SEM, TEM, XRD, and FTIR. Experiments were conducted to determine the impact of factors such as pH, contact time, adsorbent mass, and initial antibiotic concentration on the adsorption of CIP and LFX. Isotherm and kinetics studies were also carried out to gain a better understanding of the adsorption process. The effects of each variable were analysed using R software's Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results indicated that a pH value of 5 was optimal for the adsorption of both CIP and LFX. Equilibrium was reached after 30 minutes for LFX and 37 minutes for CIP. Under optimum conditions, maximum removal efficiencies of 95% for LFX and 94% for CIP were achieved. The adsorption data for both LFX and CIP followed the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, respectively (R2 > 0.99 for both). The NH2/MOF composite proved to be an effective adsorbent for removing levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin from water supplies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurses, as the largest forces in the health system, are always challenged with various work responsibilities such as long working hours, lack of manpower and death of patients. This study aimed at providing a model of the relationship between workload and physical and mental health, sleep disorders, and individual and family problems by the mediation role of job stress. The present study is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 300 nurses in a specialty and sub-specialty hospital in Tehran. For this reason, various questionnaires including demographic, survey of shift workers (SOS) and job stress questionnaires were used to collect the desired data. The proposed model was presented using structural equation modeling method based on Smart-PLS and SPSS-20 software. The results show that workload has an effect on job stress (β=0.747), mental health (β=-0.291), Physical health (β=-0.253), sleep quality (β=-0.234) and personal and family problems (β=-0.206). Also the results of this study show that job stress has an effect on mental health (β=-0.295), Physical health (β=-0.349), sleep quality (β=-0.295) and Personal and family problems (β=-0.441). In conclusion, results showed that the data fitted well with the model and that workload is associated with physical and mental problems, sleep disorders and individual and family problems both directly and indirectly through job stress mediation.

Candida albicans is an "opportunistic fungal agent" in cancer patients that can become colonized in both mucosal and deep tissues and cause severe infections. Most evidence has shown that C. albicans can enhance the progress of different cancers by several mechanisms such as generating virulence factors, participation in endogenous production of pro-inflammatory mediators, and stimulating a wide range of immune cells in the host. The main idea of this review is to describe a range of Candida-used mechanisms that are important in candidiasis-associated malignant processes and cancer development, particularly breast cancer. This review intends to provide a detailed discussion on different regulatory mechanisms of C. albicans that undoubtedly help to open new therapeutic horizons of cancer therapy in patients with fungal infection. The current therapeutic approach is not fully effective in immunocompromised and cancer patients, and further studies are required to find new products with effective antifungal properties and minimal side effects to increase the susceptibility of opportunistic fungal infections to conventional antifungal agents. So, in this situation, a special therapy should be considered to control the infection and simultaneously have the most therapeutic index on tumor patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since nurses spend most of their working time indoors, the quality of the hospital environment has a great impact on their performance and comfort. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of physical factors in the workplace and shift work on physiological parameters and blood factors in nurse staff of a specialty and sub-specialty hospital in Tehran. The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted on 300 nurses in a specialty and sub-specialty hospital in Tehran. In order to collect the data, a demographic questionnaire was used. The physical factors of the workplace were measured using the sound level meter, lux meter and WBGT meter. A digital blood pressure monitor and heart rate monitor were used to measure physiological parameters and Blood factors were collected from the results of medical records (blood CBC). Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS-20 software. The results showed that the level of sound in the workplace, as the most important physical factor, can increase the level of physiological factors, and the sound was the most effective factor in the investigation of combined effects. The results also showed that shift work has a great impact on physiological parameters. Blood factors and physiological parameters showed a significant difference between subjects with shift work and day work (P-value

Shopping is an intrinsic part of people's daily lives. Due to the rapid growth of Internet technology, customer buying behavior has changed; And the Internet has created a public space where people interact with others, do their banking activities And shopping that have affecting multiple factors people's shopping intentions. The main purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting online shopping intentions and to review and synthesis the results of research conducted in this area with a meta-analysis approach. The statistical population of the study is online shopping studies published in international journals between 2000 and 2018. To conduct this research, after reviewing and screening more than 635 articles related to online shopping, 89 articles were selected for meta-analysis. After reviewing the selected articles, a total of 24 variables with a frequency greater than 5 were identified that were selected as influencing variables on online shopping intentions. The results related to the effect size of the variables showed that the satisfaction variable with the effect size of 0.614 had the most impact and then perceived value and shopping experience had the most impact on online shopping.

This study assessed wastewater treatment by visible-light/Peroxymonosulfate process using its linking with TiO2@Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated on chitosan. Meropenem and Imipenem photodegradation was evaluated as a model-resistant contaminant by TiO2@Fe2O3/chitosan nanocomposite. The synthesised TiO2@Fe2O3/chitosan was characterised using various techniques. Fe2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles on the chitosan surface were affirmed via XRD, EDX, and FTIR findings. The FESEM and TEM results verified the deposition of TiO2@Fe2O3 on the chitosan surface. Under optimum circumstances (pH = 4, catalyst dosage = 0.5 g/L, antibiotics concentration = 25 mg/L reaction time = 30 min, and PMS = 2 mM), maximum degradation efficiency was obtained at about 95.64 and 93.9% for Meropenem and Imipenem, respectively. Also, the experiments demonstrated that TiO2@Fe2O3/chitosan had a better performance than photolysis and adsorption by catalyst without visible light irradiation in degrading antibiotics. The scavenger tests confirmed that ${\rm O}_2^{\cdot -}$ O 2 ⋅ − , ${\rm SO}_4^{\cdot -}$ SO 4 ⋅ − , ${\rm HO}\cdot$ HO ⋅ , and h+ are present simultaneously during the pollutant photodegradation process. After five recovery cycles, the system eliminated over 80 percent of antibiotics. It suggested that the catalyst's capacity to be reused may be cost-effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and purpose: The olive oil industry wastewater contains significant amounts of oil and this can cause serious problems if it is discharged into the wastewater treatment system, so the oil in the wastewater must be removed and seperated prior to any action. Therefore, the oil in the sewage should be removed and separated prior to taking any measure. There are several ways to remove oil. According to the above, in the present study, the efficiency of the electro coagulation process in reducing soluble COD synthetic wastewater containing olive oil was investigated. Methods: In this study, iron and galvanized electrodes were used. Firstly, the optimum values of current density, initial pH, and electrolyte concentration were determined. Thereafter, the effect of time variations on electrode corrosion, voltage, decreased COD concentration, and energy consumption was investigated. The kinetics of Grade 1, Grade 2, and WeberMorris were also investigated for two electrodes. Results: The maximum removal efficiency of soluble COD was obtained at 99% for iron and galvanized electrodes at a current density of 12.5 mA/cm 2, electrolyte concentration of 400 mg / l, initial pH 7, and reaction time. The electrical energy consumption in these conditions for these two electrodes was measured at 28.5 and 46.25 KWhr/m3, respectively. Finally, kinetics models, including pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Weber Morris, were investigated for these two electrodes. The results revealed that the highest correlation coefficient for both electrodes was related to the pseudo-second-order model. Conclusion: Although galvanized electrode is more efficient in the reduction of soluble COD concentration, as compared to iron electrode, it consumes more electrical energy. Therefore, the type of electrode must be selected according to the purpose.