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The health risks (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk) were calculated in both adults and children, using target hazard quotient (THQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR). The concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Ni were higher than the standard limits but they did not pose any non-carcinogenic health risks in adult and children's consumers (THQ <1). Meanwhile, the risk assessment of iAs indicates THQ > 1 for children in Egypt. Moreover, the THQ value due to Me Hg for adult in Tunisia and for children in Tunisia, Malta, Portugal, Latvia, Cambogia, Peru, South Korea, Romania, Hong Kong, United Arab Emirates, Morocco, and Egypt was higher than 1 value. In addition, the calculated CR values of iAs for the adults and children were within the threshold risk of developing cancer (Between 1.00E–4 to 1.00E–6). Therefore, it is recommended to continuously monitor the concentration of PTEs in canned tuna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the removal of direct blue 86 dye was explored via cationic surfactant enhanced ultrafiltration from aqueous phase. The effects of various parameters such as initial dye concentration, contact time, pressure, solution pH and surfactant concentration were evaluated on the process. The RSM using R software was chosen to investigate the effect of input independent factors on the dependent response (removal efficiency). The p-value (2.071 × e−06), F-value (7.82), R2 (multiple R-squared: 0.6494, adjusted R-squared: 0.5663), insignificant lack of fit (0.06) indicated that the reduced full second order model was highly significant for dye removal. The maximum percentage of dye removal (92%) was obtained at the optimum conditions (initial dye concentrations (25.8 mg/L), contact time (15.8 min), pressure (1.58 bar), pH = 6.16, and surfactant concentration (0.93 mg/L)). The utmost elimination efficiency was calculated to be 100%, by means of regression coefficients achieved from the model and Solver 'Add-ins', respectively. The results showed that the MEUF process is very suitable for the removal of direct blue 86 dye from aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to potentially hazardous trace elements (PHTEs) through drinking water consumption can endanger the health of the consumer. In this study, the concentration of Aluminium (Al), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu) and Manganese (Mn) among 288 water samples were collected (March to February 2016) from water distribution networks of Ilam city was measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) instrument and the health risk was estimated using the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method. The rank order of PHTEs in the drinking water was Cu (0.200 ± 0.200 mg/l)> Fe (0.096 ± 0.094 mg/l)> Al (0.040 ± 0.060 mg/l) > Mn (0.017 ± 0.020 mg/l).The rank order of PHTEs based on the non-carcinogenic risk for the adult consumers were Cu (0.250) > Mn (0.0069) > Fe (0.0067) >Al (0.0027) while the corresponding values for children wereCu (0.310) > Mn (0.0087) > Fe (0.0084) >Al (0.0034).The percentile 95% total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) correlated with the investigated PHTEs in the children and adults were equal to 0.3205 and 0.2600, respectively. Therefore, the exposed population is at the acceptable non-carcinogenic risk due to the relatively low concentration of PHTEs in tap drinking water in Ilam city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We measured PAHs concentrations to understand the potential short and long-term health risks to workers. In the anode cooking area, the lowest and highest concentrations of PAHs were found for DahA (dibenzo[a,h]anthracene) at 0.373 ± 0.326 µg/m3 and Chry (chrysene) at 1.923 ± 1.258 µg/m3, respectively. In the anode-making area, these concentrations were higher, with DahA at 0.435 ± 0.221 µg/m3 and Chry peaking at 3.841 ± 1.702 µg/m3. Risk assessment based on these concentrations indicates a hierarchical order of individual PAHs risks in the anode cooking area, led by BaP (benzo[a]pyrene), followed by other specific PAHs compounds. The total hazard quotient (THQ) for PAH exposure in both anode-making and cooking areas significantly exceeds the threshold for considered cancer risk, emphasizing the considerable danger to workers. This study underscores the urgent need to mitigate exposure to PAHs in industrial settings to protect worker health from the carcinogenic risks of such hazardous compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]