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10. Cross-informant ratings on emotional and behavioral problems in Nepali adolescents: A comparison of adolescents' self-reports with parents' and teachers' reports.

Author

Adhikari, Sirjana, Ma, Jasmine, Shakya, Suraj, Brøndbo, Per Håkan, Handegård, Bjørn Helge, and Javo, Anne Cecilie

Subjects
*TEENAGE girls, *CHILD Behavior Checklist, *PARENTS, *TEENAGERS, *SELF-evaluation, *MIDDLE-income countries
Abstract

Background: Studies on cross-informant agreement on adolescents' emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) are sparse in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess parent-adolescent and teacher-adolescent agreement on EBPs and associated factors in Nepal. Methods: This cross-sectional survey included 1904 school-going adolescents aged 11–18, enrolled in government and private schools located in sixteen districts of Nepal. The Nepali versions of the Youth Self Report, Child Behavior Checklist, and Teacher's Report Form were administered to assess EBPs reported by adolescents, their parents, and teachers, respectively. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done to assess mean differences in problem scores. Pearson's correlation was used to assess cross-informant agreement. Linear regression analysis was used to explore factors associated with cross-informant discrepancies in EBPs. Results: Adolescents reported significantly more problems than their parents and teachers. Mean Total Problem scores for the 90 common items in the adolescents' self-reports, parent reports, and teacher reports were 34.5 (standard deviation [SD]: 21.4), 24.1 (SD = 19.2), and 20.2 (SD = 17.5) respectively. Parent-adolescent agreement on Total Problems was moderate, whereas teacher-adolescent agreement was low. The parent-adolescent agreement was moderate to low for the two broadband scales and all syndrome scales, whereas the teacher-adolescent agreement was low for all scales. Female gender and ethnic minority status impacted both parent-adolescent and teacher-adolescent discrepancies. Family stress/conflicts impacted parent-adolescent discrepancies, while academic performance impacted teacher-adolescent discrepancies. Conclusions: Nepali adolescents reported more EBPs than their parents and teachers. The agreement between adolescents' self-reports and reports by their parents and teachers was moderate to low. Gender, caste/ethnicity, family stress/conflicts, and academic performance were associated with cross-informant discrepancies. It is crucial to collect information from different sources, consider context-specific needs, and discern factors influencing cross-informant discrepancies to accurately assess adolescents' EBPs and develop personalized approaches to treatment planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Self-reported emotional and behavioral problems among school-going adolescents in Nepal-A cross-sectional study

Author

Adhikari, Sirjana

Abstract

Background - Studies on self-reported emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) among adolescents are still sparse in many low- and middle-income countries. In Nepal, no such studies have been performed on a larger scale, and little is known about self-reported EBPs in the adolescent population. Methods - This cross-sectional, school-based study on EBPs included 1904 adolescents aged 11–18 years, enrolled in government and private schools located in 16 districts in Nepal. The Nepali version of the Youth Self Report form was used to assess self-reported EBPs, and the Teacher Report Form was used to assess academic performance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for gender comparisons on adolescents’ EBPs and on academic competence. Multiple regression analysis was done to explore correlates of self-reported EBPs. Results - The overall prevalence of self-reported EBPs was 14.2%; 15.6% in boys and 12.9% in girls. The mean Total Problems score was 39.27 (standard deviation = 24.16); no gender differences were observed. Boys scored higher on Externalizing Problems and girls scored higher on Internalizing Problems. The effect sizes for gender comparisons were small with Hedges’ g ranging from -0.29 to 0.28. Physical illness and negative/traumatic life events were positively correlated with self-reported EBPs, whereas academic performance was negatively correlated. However, the effect sizes were small (η2 < 0.02). Conclusion - This study helps to narrow the knowledge gap on the prevalence, magnitude, and types of self-reported EBPs in Nepali adolescents. It demonstrated an association between self-reported EBPs and academic performance and linked self-reported EBPs to other factors such as negative/traumatic life events and physical illness. The findings might assist health authorities in the planning of mental health services and may also provide valuable background information to clinicians dealing with adolescent mental health problems.

Published
2023

18. Biochar doesn't just store carbon -- it stores water and boosts farmers' drought resilience.

Author

Adhikari, Sirjana, Moon, Ellen, and Timms, Wendy

Subjects
AGRICULTURAL wastes, FLUOROALKYL compounds, CLIMATE change mitigation, WHEAT straw, CLAY soils, DROUGHTS
Abstract

Biochar, a charcoal-like substance, can help farmers increase their drought resilience by improving soil water retention. It is highly porous and can store water from rain or irrigation until plants need it. Biochar can also restore degraded soils and unlock soil nutrients. It can be made from various organic waste materials through a process called pyrolysis, which has lower carbon emissions compared to incineration or landfill decomposition. However, there are concerns about the removal of certain chemicals and the potential formation of toxic substances during pyrolysis. Different types of biochar have different properties and benefits, and using certified biochar ensures quality. Optimizing biochar production and understanding its interactions with soil and microbes are ongoing areas of research. The global biochar market is growing, and larger production facilities can maximize benefits and control emissions. Overall, biochar has the potential to benefit both farmers and the environment. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

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