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Acute respiratory diseases (ARD) are caused by numerous viral pathogens, including several human adenovirus (HAdV) types. Respiratory HAdV infections range from mild to severe and are fatal in some cases. [...]

PXVX0047 is an investigational vaccine developed for active immunization to prevent febrile acute respiratory disease (ARD) caused by adenovirus serotypes 4 (Ad4) and 7 (Ad7). PXVX0047 consists of a modernized, plasmid-derived vaccine that was generated using a virus isolated from Wyeth Ad4 and Ad7 vaccine tablets. A phase 1 two-arm, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the safety profile and immunogenicity of the investigational adenovirus vaccines. The two components of PXVX0047 were administered orally together in a single dose to 11 subjects. For comparison, three additional subjects received the Ad4/Ad7 vaccine that is currently in use by the US military. The results of this study show that the tolerability and immunogenicity of the PXVX0047 Ad7 component are comparable with that of the control Ad4/Ad7 vaccine; however, the immunogenicity of the PXVX0047 Ad4 component was lower than expected. Clinical trial number NCT03160339. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-55) causes acute respiratory disease of variable severity and has become an emergent threat in both civilian and military populations. HAdV-55 infection is endemic to China and South Korea, but data from other regions and time periods are needed for comprehensive assessment of HAdV-55 prevalence from a global perspective. In this study, we subjected HAdV-55 isolates from various countries collected during 1969-2018 to whole-genome sequencing, genomic and proteomic comparison, and phylogenetic analyses. The results show worldwide distribution of HAdV-55; recent strains share a high degree of genomic homogeneity. Distinct strains circulated regionally for several years, suggesting persistent local transmission. Several cases of sporadic introduction of certain strains to other countries were documented. Among the identified amino acid mutations distinguishing HAdV-55 strains, some have potential impact on essential viral functions and may affect infectivity and transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]