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Most endangered species face a significant threat from habitat loss. The destruction and degradation of natural tropical forest across West Africa has likely been the biggest threat to White-bellied Pangolin and has contributed to their decline as they depend on the habitat for different resources like food, water, and shelter. The current study investigated the habitat suitability of white-bellied pangolins in Oluwa Forest Reserve. The presence data of White-bellied pangolin was collected by taking the Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates of the indirect signs observed. These data, along with the 19 bioclimatic variables, slopes, soil PH, soil texture, distance to rivers, distance to roads, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), were used to generate habitat suitability maps using MaxEnt software. The MaxEnt analysis showed that out of 781 km2 available for White bellied Pangolin during dry season, 338 km2 was highly suitable, 209 km2 was suitable, 126 km2 was moderately suitable, 65 km2 was less suitable and 44 km2 was not suitable. During the wet season 235 km2 was highly suitable, 225 km2 was suitable, 164 km2 was moderately suitable, 100 km2 was less suitable and 57 km2 was not suitable habitat. The jackknife test of variable contribution revealed that during the dry season, NDVI was the most important predictor variable as measured by the gain produced by a one-variable model, followed by aspects such as distance to the river, slope, distance to the road, and temperature seasonality. During the wet season, the jackknife-cross-validation test showed the highest gain when NDVI was used in isolation. Aspects were found to be the second most important predictor variable as measured by the gain produced by a one-variable model, followed by distance to the road, slope, elevation, and the mean temperature of the wettest quarter.

Background: Cancer is a public health problem affecting all categories of people worldwide and radiation therapy is often the mainstay of management. A successful radiotherapy treatment requires well-skilled professionals such as radiation oncologist, therapy radiographers, and medical physicist. Radiography is an indispensable heart of modern medicine, in the diagnosis and management of diseases. This study was conducted to determine the level of awareness and knowledge of the practice of therapy radiographers among radiography students. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among radiography students in College of Medicine, University of Lagos over a period of 3 months. Results: Majority of the respondents (44.9%) were within the age range of 21–25 years. Majority of the respondents (91.7%) had not had clinical posting on radiotherapy. A few students, 33 (21.2%) had encountered a therapy radiographer during clinical posting. Majority of the respondents (89.7%) had never heard about a therapy radiographer. A minority (19.2%) of the respondents indicated that they would like to be therapy radiographers. Majority of the respondents (44.2%) had no interest because think they do not make good money (9.6%), because they did not know what it entailed (lacked knowledge) (16.0%), and because of the perceived high risk of radiation dose (25.6%). Conclusion: This study revealed that radiography majority of radiography students are not aware nor have the knowledge of the practice of therapy radiographers. There is also a lack of interest in these students in becoming therapy radiographers.

The study investigated the effect of diversity management on organisational performance in banking industry using some selected deposit money banks in Lagos. The study used a survey research design method, and data were collected from 192 employees of the five selected deposit money banks within Lagos metropolis, Southwest, Nigeria. Smart PLS (3.0) was employed for the analysis. The findings show a significant relationship between the variables of diversity management and organisational performance. In particular, the model results show the level of relationships between diversities in age, gender, work experience, educational qualification and marital status on employee commitment, sales growth, service quality and employee intention to leave. All the variables tested under the independent variable have positive path coefficients as factors that affect employee commitment, sales growth, service quality, employee intention to leave. It is recommended that deposit money banks in Nigeria should leveraged diversity inclusion management for enhanced organisational performance.

This study aimed at establishing the relationship between the dimensions of leadership styles and employees’ job satisfaction in hospitality industry in Nigeria. This study was prompted by reports of high labour turnover in this sector of the economy (especially in the guesthouses), because of reduction in the satisfaction of the workforce. Cross-sectional research design which is quantitative in nature, was the methodology adopted for this study to assess the trends of relationships between the constructs. Questionnaire was used as the measuring instrument, and reliability and validity test for the instrument were established using cronbach alpha, for all the variables ranging between 71% and 89%. The study population comprises 410 employees in the six selected functioning guesthouses, which also represents the study sample. Total enumeration sampling technique was adopted. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software package (version 22) was used for the analysis of the data. The field dataset is available to the public for more rigorous, extensive, critical and extended analysis. Keywords: Idealised influence, Intellectual stimulation, Inspirational motivation, Individualised consideration, Employees’ job satisfaction

Background: Sickle Cell Anaemia patients are considered to be among the high-risk groups for hepatitis B and C viral infections. These viruses and HIV share common routes of transmission and similar risk factors and their infections coexist. Objective: This study was aimed at determining the seroprevalence of hepatitis B, C and HIV viral markers of infections in children with SCA. Methodology: A cross sectional Hospital based study conducted on 89 confirmed SCA Children aged 6 months to 13 years in steady state attending Haematology Clinic in a Specialist Hospital Gusau from July 2017 to March 2018. Approval for the study was obtained from the Research and Ethics Committee of the Hospital. The age, gender, history of blood transfusion, traditional scarification, uvulectomy, circumcision and immunization of the subjects were recorded. Serological test was carried out to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B, C and HIV using the viral markers and HIV 1 and 2 rapid test kits. Results: Eighty-nine subjects were recruited with 46(51.7%) males and 43(48.3%) females. The mean age was 5.06 ± 3.4 years. The seroprevalence of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBcAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, AntiHCV and HIV 1 and 2 were 3(3.4%), 3(3.4%), 5(5.7%), 1(1.1%), 6(6.9%) and 0% respectively. No co-infection among the studied subjects. There is no significant difference in the age or gender distribution and seroprevalence of the viruses among SCA children. p = less than 0.05. Conclusion: Hepatitis C infection is found to be high as opposed to Hepatitis B which is lower among SCA Children in this community

As social studies teachers, the authors feel they have a moral and ethical responsibility to provide students with the knowledge, skills, and dispositions necessary to become active participants in democracy. This starts with a transformative social studies curriculum that promotes critical thinking, is meaningful and relevant to the lives of students, and reflects the vast diversity of schools and communities. By using the technique of "excavating the standards" teachers can intentionally teach about the visible and invisible identities of Black Queer activists in the elementary grades. The authors designed an inquiry using the C3 framework to intentionally center the civic activism of Black Queer citizens such as Pauli Murray, Marsha P. Johnson, and Audre Lorde. These three citizens were intentionally selected because their activism was rooted in their lived experiences as Black Queer citizens. Moreover, they uplifted their communities in very different ways that can inspire young children to creatively support their communities.

Cost or burden of illness studies for mental illnesses has helped define the magnitude of their negative effects on the household, community and national economy. Despite its many benefits, there is a paucity of these studies among Nigerians being managed for mental illnesses. This study was aimed at assessing the economic burden of mental illnesses and its effect on household purchasing power. The study was descriptive cross-sectional in design conducted among 284 out-patients with five categories of mental illnesses at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Aro recruited via a systematic sampling technique. Data collection was quantitative using a semi-structured interviewer-administered tool. Participants provided the actual direct costs and estimates of indirect costs incurred during their most recent inpatient admission and their first clinic visit after discharge. Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were conducted on the direct and estimated indirect costs respectively after testing them for normality using the Q-Q plot with statistical significance determined at p50% earning

This paper shows results of the impact of organizational culture on human resource practices in some selected Nigerian private universities. The statistical analysis was based on two hundred and thirty-seven respondents in the selected studied private universities showing that a close relationship exists between organizational culture and recruitment process, training programmes, job performance management, performance of employees, pay structure, and compensation administration. The paper suggested that given the organizational context of the study, each of the variables will be appreciated more by the individuals in values, beliefs, and practices of the organization. It is therefore suggested that prospective employees or job seekers should endeavor to familiarize themselves with the organizational culture before accepting job offers.

The review followed the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) standard to search and report relevant articles on the use of SOLO model in mathematics. A systematic search was conducted in Education Source, ERIC, JSTOR, and PsycINFO databases and yielded 198 studies. After screening and appraisal, 62 papers (37 qualitative, 17 quantitative, and eight mixed-method studies) published in English between 1990 and 2020 were reported using a narrative synthesis. The findings indicated that SOLO model appropriately reflects students' learning outcomes; there is a direct relationship between students' performances and their SOLO levels; and SOLO model could explain several other developmental theories and contribute to the development of mathematics curricula. These findings highlight the gaps between theory and practice of this model in mathematics education, and informs education professionals about the diverse applications of the SOLO model for improving mathematics teaching and learning, fair assessment, and curriculum development.

This study explores the worked-example instruction (WEI) and the van Hiele teaching phases (VHTP) pedagogies to advance students' acquisition of procedural and conceptual understanding of solving simultaneous equations. The quasi-experimental study involved two groups of high school students (age=15): 157 students in total with 72 in one group and 85 in the other. The study followed a pre-, post- and delay tests design and adapted two conceptual frameworks: the structure of the observed learning outcomes (SOLO) model and the Rasch model. It employed Rasch analysis and statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) as data analysis tools. The results indicated that both WEI and VHTP improved students' procedural and conceptual understanding of solving simultaneous equations at the post-test; however, the WEI effects (on both procedural and conceptual understanding) were not sustained after the post-test while the VHTP had a lasting effect on only conceptual understanding. Furthermore, the VHTP group significantly outperformed the WEI group at the post-test and delay test in both conceptual and procedural understanding. These results indicated that the WEI is only beneficial at the initial stage of knowledge acquisition and VHTP is better at the initial and long-term. Practical implications of these results were discussed.

Adetunji Oladeni Adeniji,1 Oluseyi Olaboyede A Atanda21Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, NigeriaBackground: Postoperative pain leads to patient discomfort, decreased level of satisfaction, prolonged recovery, and higher health costs. Acute pain control therefore improves the overall quality of life in patients undergoing cesarean section. Pain relief is a fundamental human right, but there is no gold standard for post–cesarean section pain management.Objective: To compare the efficacy of pentazocine and tramadol used in unimodal and multimodal (in combination with piroxicam) approach, in the management of post–cesarean section pain.Materials and methods: This study employed a random allocation design to compare the effectiveness of intramuscular pentazocine (60 mg) or tramadol (100 mg) as single analgesic agent and in combination with daily intramuscular piroxicam 20 mg, for the management of post–cesarean section pain during the immediate 12 hours after surgery. The primary outcome measure was control of postoperative pain, while the secondary outcome measures were the analgesic agent onset of action, duration of action, patient satisfaction, and maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes. Data obtained were entered into a predesigned sheet and analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17. Means ± standard deviation (SD) were calculated for the quantitative variables, and the difference between two independent groups was compared using unpaired Student's t-test. The level of significance was set at 0.05.Results: A total of 120 patients were equally and randomly allocated to four study groups – two that received unimodal analgesia (the pentazocine group and the tramadol group) and two that received multimodal analgesia (the pentazocine-piroxicam group and the tramadol-piroxicam group). Among the unimodal groups, tramadol had a faster onset of action, but pentazocine had a longer duration of action and provided better control of pain. Among the multimodal groups, the combination of pentazocine with piroxicam was superior to the tramadol with piroxicam combination, and it was also more effective than pentazocine alone.Conclusion: The multimodal approach of combining pentazocine with piroxicam is a safe, effective, and an acceptable mode of analgesia for post–cesarean section pain management, especially in a resource-constrained setting.Keyword: NSAID, opiods, piroxicam, tramadol, pentazocine

Patience Olayinka Akinwusi,1,2 Adetunji Oladeni Adeniji,3 Oluseyi Olaboyede Atanda,3 Adebayo Duyile Adekunle3 1Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, 2Department of Medicine, 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria Purpose: To determine the incidence of heart failure during pregnancy and incriminated cardiac lesions, as well as maternal and fetal outcomes in Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital (LTH), Osogbo, Southwest Nigeria. Methods: This study was a retrospective, descriptive review of all cases of heart failure during pregnancy based on data retrieved from the medical records of LTH over a 7-year period from January 2004 to December 2010. Analysis of these data was carried out using SPSS 17. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethical Committee of LTH. Results: A total of 4523 patients delivered babies over the 7-year period, ten (2.2/1000) of which had cardiac decompensation. All patients were not registered at LTH for antenatal care (unbooked), with 70% of them aged 18–24 years. Fifty percent were primigravidae and the majority of them presented with symptoms in the second and third trimester. There were two cases of maternal deaths recorded and three cases of fetal/perinatal mortality. Only one case of congenital heart disease (pulmonary stenosis) and no cases of rheumatic heart disease were found. Conclusion: The data suggests that heart failure during pregnancy is uncommon in Southwest Nigeria. However, it occurs more often in young, unbooked primigravid women. Efforts should be aimed at encouraging early booking for antenatal care and a full cardiovascular evaluation to prevent associated maternal and fetal/perinatal morbidity and mortality. Keywords: heart failure, pregnancy, cardiac disease, fetal outcome, maternal outcome

Patience Olayinka Akinwusi,1,2 Rotimi Oluyombo,2 Paul Sunday Ogunro,3 Adetunji Oladeni Adeniji,4 Oluyomi Olusola Okunola,5 Olugbenga Edward Ayodele21Department of Medicine, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; 2Department of Medicine, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; 3Department of Chemical Pathology, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria; 5Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, NigeriaPurpose: To determine whether low dose aspirin has any deleterious effects on renal function in elderly patients.Methods: We conducted a prospective pilot study of 30 Nigerians older than 60 years with various chronic ailments necessitating the use of low dose aspirin. Patients gave their consent, and institutional ethical clearance was obtained. Each patient's baseline samples at enrolment (before commencing aspirin use) served as a control, and subsequent weekly samples were compared. The weekly mean of each parameter was calculated, and the differences of means from baseline were determined, and values were compared for statistical differences with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 16.Results: We found that a majority of patients (86.67%) had basal renal functions at chronic kidney disease stages 1 and 2. When compared with the corresponding baseline parameters, the mean weekly serum and urinary electrolytes, urea, creatinine, and uric acid parameters did not change, and the P-value did not show any statistical significance. However, there was positive statistical significance for the creatinine clearance (P = 0.025). Also, unlike in previous studies, anemia and hypoalbuminemia did not affect the renal function parameters.Conclusion: This study did not show any deleterious effects with short-term, low dose (75 mg daily) aspirin use on kidney functions in elderly patients. However, caution should be exercised when dealing with patients in renal stages 3–5 and the very elderly, aged ≥ 80 years.Keywords: elderly, low dose aspirin, renal functions

Aim: This Quality Improvement Project sought to improve communication between patients with intellectual disabilities and their psychiatrists by sharing medical information using an easy read letter format following psychiatric review. Background: Writing directly to patients is in keeping with good medical practice. Previous studies have shown patients with intellectual disabilities prefer letters tailored to meet their needs. Method: An easy read letter was used by nine psychiatrists who handed them to 100 consecutive patients after review. Feedback of acceptability to patients was obtained using a three-item facial rating scale and the use of free text. Feedback of acceptability was obtained from participating psychiatrists. Results: Patients found the easy read letter helpful and felt it should be used routinely. Psychiatrists felt this approach was beneficial as well as aiding patient understanding of review. Conclusions: The easy read letter was reported to improve communication following psychiatric review. Limitations are acknowledged but it is concluded that an easy read letter should be adopted as routine practice following psychiatric review, for people with intellectual disabilities.

One major challenge researchers have faced during the disruptions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic is how to adapt to the global virus and, at the same time, make good progress in their research pursuits. Also, many international researchers have suspended ongoing research in developing countries due to inadequate online facilities in these countries. This article identifies innovative methodologies that can be employed to carry out mixed-method research in a non-technologically advanced country and reflects on the benefits and limitations of carrying out such rigorous research during difficult times. The mixed-method research design reported here combines tests and open-ended reasons for procedures to explore the impacts of two pedagogical practices on students' mathematical understanding. In particular, the methodological framework leverages the aims of the research, the theoretical background, standard ethical practice, and COVID-19 safety precautions. This article contributes to the methodological approaches for carrying out mixed-method research during unprecedented times. [The publication year on the PDF is incorrect, this article was published in 2023.]