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his paper presents a theoretical study on a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) surface plasmon resonance biosensor. The proposed PCF sensor introduces the concept of simultaneous detection with H E11x and H E11x modes, which opens up some possibilities for multianalyte/multichannel sensing. Analysis was performed which considered the operation of the sensor in both amplitude and wavelength interrogation modes. Typical sensor resolutions of 4×10-5 RIU and 8×10-5 RIU with respect to H E11x and H E11y, respectively, are reported for the amplitude interrogation mode, while resolutions of 5 × 10-5 RIU and 6×10-5 RIU are reported for H E11x and H E11y, respectively, for the wavelength interrogation mode.

A novel kind of large mode area photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are proposed in this paper. In order to achieve large effective mode area, a novel technique is applied to seven missing air hole PCF structures. The modal characteristics of PCF structures such as effective mode area, confinement loss, chromatic dispersion properties with doped cores, are investigated by employing the full vectorial finite element method (FEM). Simulation results demonstrate that effective mode area and confinement losses of fundamental mode simultaneously improved by applying our novel technique to proposed structures. The effects of bending on confinement losses of the proposed PCFs have been thoroughly investigated. Additionally, confinement losses of first higher order modes are presented and the possibility of stripping them in a simple way is discussed.

Highly nonlinear birefringent Photonic Crystal Fibre (PCF) that exhibits low losses and small effective mode area across a wide wavelength range has been presented. The effects of angular orientation on bending losses of the proposed PCFs have been thoroughly investigated by employing a full vectorial finite element method(FEM). It has been demonstrated that it is possible to design a bending-insensitive nonlinear PCF with a birefringence in the order of 10-2 and a nonlinear coefficient of 49 W-1km-1 at the wavelength of 1.55 ?m. Also,significant improvements on key propagation characteristics of the proposed PCFs have been demonstrated by carefully altering the desired air hole diameters and the hole-to-hole spacing. It is demonstrated that two zero dispersion wavelengths can be achieved by the proposed design.

There is interest in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) that possess a large effective area.We demonstrate that it is possible to design a PCF structure configuration with an effective mode area as high as 3000 m

We propose an index guiding highly nonlinear birefringent photonic crystal fiber (PCF). Usiing a full vectorial finite element method (FEM), we investigate the key propagation characteristics of the proposed design. We demonstrate that it is possible to design a simple PCF structure configuration with a birefringence in the order of 10-2 and a nonlinear coefficient of 49 W-1 km-1 at the wavelength of 1.55 microns. It is demonstrated that two zero dispersion wavelengths can be achieved by the proposed design. Bending analysis and fabrication issues are also discussed thoroughly.

A single-mode photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with low chromatic dispersion, low bend, and rotational sensitivity is presented. The transverse electric field vector distributions of the fundamental, higher order and fundamental space filling modes, their effective indices, chromatic dispersion, confinement, bending and rotational losses are reported using full-vector finite-element method (FEM). In addition, the endlessly single mode behavior is demonstrated by employng the V parameter of the proposed PCF. It has also been shown that the proposed PCF design is insensitive to bends and rotations.

Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with elliptical air-holes located in the core area that exhibit high birefringence, low losses, enhanced effective mode area, and low chromatic dispersoin across a wide wavelength range have been presented. The effects of bending on birefringence, confinement losses and chromatic disperson of the fundamental mode of the proposef PCFs have been thoroughly investigated by employng the full vectorial finite element method (FEM). Additionally, localization of higher order modes is presented. Also, effects of angular orientation on bending loss have been reported. Significant improvement on key propagation characteristics of the proposed PCFs are demonstrated by carefully altering the desired air hole diameters and their geometries and the hole-to-hole spacing.

An ultrahigh-birefringent nonlinear photonic crystal fiber (PCF) that exhibits low losses and small effective mode area across a wide wavelength range has been presented. The effects of angular orientation on bending losses of the proposed PCFs have been thoroughly investigated by employing a full vectorial finite-element method (FEM). It has been demonstrated that it is possible to design a bending-insensitive nonlinear PCF with a birefringence 9 x 10-3 at a 1.55 micron wavelength. Significant improvements on key propagation characteristics of the proposed PCFs have been demonstrated by carefully altering the desired air hole diameters and the hole-to-hole spacing.

Photonic Crystal Fibres (PCFs) with elliptical air-holes located in the core area that exhibit high birefringence, low losses, enhanced effective mode area, and low chromatic dispersion across a wide wavelength range have been presented. The effects of bending on birefringence, confinement losses and chromatic dispersion of the fundamental mode of the proposed PCFs have been thoroughly investigated by employing the full vectorial finite element method (FEM). Additionally, localization of higher order modes is presented. Also, effects of angular orientation on bending loss have been reported. Significant improvement on key propagation characteristics of the proposed PCFs are demonstrated by carefully altering the desired air hole diameters and their geometries and the hole-to-hole spacing.

We propose a novel nonlinear switchbased on the irregularity in a three-core-doped photonic crystal fiber (PCF). We numerically investigate the proposed structure, which consists of air holes arranged in a triangular lattice around two defects separated by a single Er-Yb doped core. Its switching operation is based on the gain change in the doped core due to the nonuniformity and irregular structure around it. It is shown that by adjusting the gain in the doped core, the light is entirely transferred from the central core to the upper and lower ones. We have employed the full vectorial finite-element method and the finite-difference time domain to investigate and optimize the optical modes, nonlinear parameter, and gain effects on the switching operations. It is found that an optimum gain is essential to allow either a periodic exchange of the light between the upper and lower cores or independent core propagation. Possible nonuniformity in the hole diameters and irregularity problems of the proposed PCF design during the fabrication process have been predicted. The waveguide dispersoin with respect to the doped central core region has been thoroughly investigated.

We have proposed a novel photonic crystal fibre (PCF), with three rings of air holes, that exhibit nearly zero ultra-flatted and negative chromatic dispersion, and low confinement loss at a wide telecommunication window. Key PCF fabrication parameters, such as the effects of air holes and their arrangements on the effective index, chromatic dispersion, effective mode area, non-linear coefficient and confinement losses have been analysed by use of full vectorial finite element method. Significant improvements of the PCF chromatic dispersion and confinement losses have been achieved when supplementary air holes have been incorporated.

Highly birefringent photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with low confinement loss with ultralow and ultraflattened chromatic dispersions at wide wavelength band are presented. The transverse electric field vector distributions of two linearly polarized fundamental modes, their effective indices, modal birefringence, confinement losses and chromatic dispersion of the proposed PCFs are reported by using full-vector finite-element method (FEM). Significant improvements of PCFs in terms of the birefringence, chromatic dispersion and confinement losses are demonstrated by careful investigation of all air holes in each ring, air holes diameters and hole-to-hole spacing. In addition to this, the polarization beat length results of the proposed PCFs are also reported and discussed thoroughly.

A novel photonic crystal fibre (PCF) with a low confinement loss and nearly zero ultra-flatted chromatic dispersion and negative chromatic dispersion at a wide telecommunication window is presented. Important PCF design parameters, such as the effects of air holes and geometrical parameters on the effective index, confinement losses, chromatic dispersion and effective mode area, have been thoroughly investigated by employing the full vectorial finite element method. Significant reduction of the confinement loss and low chromatic dispersion of the PCF, with three rings of air holes, has been obtained by carefully incorporating additional air holes.

In this paper, we present a novel ultra-high-speed polymer-based electrooptic modulator that incorporates high permittivity material cladding on the side walls of the device. We show that by packing the side walls of the modulator with this material and varying the width of the dielectric stack and electrodes that broadband operation can be achieved while maintaining a very low drive voltage in a compact device. Initially, a quasi-TEM analysis is undertaken in order to determine the modulators response to topographical variation followed by a full-wave analysis on the optimized device. The full-wave analysis is employed in order to determine any frequency dispersion effects with respect to the modulators characteristic impedance Z(c), microwave effective index N-m, microwave and dielectric losses a. and ad and the half-wave voltage-length product V pi L.