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Background Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status is a crucial prognostic factor in high-grade glial tumors. Purpose To investigate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features can display a diagnostic performance in the determination of IDH mutation in high-grade gliomas. Material and Methods A total of 170 patients including 24 IDH mutant grade 4 astrocytomas and 146 glioblastomas (GBM) were retrospectively examined via contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI before surgery. Immunohistochemistry and genomic sequence analyses were performed on specimen materials for the determination of IDH mutational status. Certain morphological and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) parameters were utilized to see if they could play a role to be non-invasive potential imaging predictors in the discrimination of IDH mutant versus wild-type (WT) high-grade gliomas. Results On histopathological examination, IDH mutation was detected in 24 patients with high-grade glioma and 146 of the patients were found to be WT. Certain morphological criteria of tumor location and involvement, tumor margins, visual detection of diffusion restriction on DWI, and quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) parameters consisting of ADCmean, ADCmin, and ADCr could be used as imaging predictors in the discrimination of high-grade IDH mutant versus WT tumors. Conclusion Certain MRI morphologic features and visual detection of diffusion restriction on DWI and quantitative ADC parameters consisting of ADCmean, ADCmin, and ADCr can be considered non-invasive, significant independent imaging predictors in the discrimination and can obviate invasive procedures for histopathological diagnosis.

Geleneksel televizyon yayıncılığı bağlamında incelendiğinde, Türkiye’de en çok izlenilen program türleri arasında televizyon dizilerinin olduğu görülmektedir. Medya-çocuk ilişkisi çerçevesinde değerlendirildiğinde ise televizyon dizilerinin problemli varlığı dikkat çekmektedir. Özellikle dram türü dizilerde sürekli belirli niteliklerle izleyici karşısına çıkarılan çocuk karakterler birer ajitasyon kaynağı olarak kullanılmaya devam etmekte, ana ve yan karakter rolündeki çocuk özne, zorlu ve meşakkatli hayat hikayeleri içinde konumlandırılmaktadır. Aynı zamanda dram türü dizilerde yetişkin bir bireymiş gibi belli başlı özelliklerle sürekli aynı biçimde inşa edilen çocuk kimliği ‘acı’nın odağında kurgulanmaktadır. Kâr amaçlı politikalar ekseninde yayıncılık sürdüren özel televizyon kanallarında ise bu kurgunun varlığı dikkat çekici düzeydedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, dram türü televizyon dizilerinde duygusal sömürü haline getirilen çocuk karakterlerin ‘birey’ olarak yer alış biçiminin sorunlu doğasını ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda çalışma, dram türü yerli dizilere odaklanmakta, en çok takip edilen televizyon kanalları özelinde çocuk karakterlerin yer alış biçimini sorgulamaktadır. Çalışmada 2019 yılında en çok izlenilen televizyon kanalları Atv, Fox Tv, Kanal D, Show Tv, Star Tv ve TRT 1’de haftalık yayınlanan ve çocuk karakterlerin yer aldığı dram türü diziler örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. Bu kanallarda 1990 sonrası dönemde yayınlanan 156 dram türü dizinin ilk üç bölümü niteliksel içerik analizi yoluyla incelenmiş, ana ve yan karakterlerde rol alan 365 çocuk karakter tespit edilmiştir. İnceleme sonucu elde edilen verilerde dram türü dizilerde ‘sorunlu bir çocuk birey’ algısının oluşturulduğu ve çocuk karakterlerin duygusal anlamda kullanılarak pazara sunulan bir nesne haline getirildiği bulgulanmıştır.

In this study, an experimental comparison of the thermal performances for four type of air-heated solar collectors was performed with different interior structures at various air velocities from 1 to 4 m/s within increments of 0.5 m/s. Collector with aluminum can, aluminum can-metal chip collector, aluminum can-paraffine collector, and baseline collector were used as air-heated solar collectors. According to the results, the average temperature difference in the aluminum can-metal chip solar collector was obtained as 54°C at 1.5 m/s, which is the highest average temperature difference among the collectors. For the solar collector with an aluminum can, the thermal efficiencies were 21% at 1 m/s and 31% at 1.5 m/s. The highest thermal efficiency was achieved as 53% at 4 m/s in the aluminum can-metal chip solar collector, while the aluminum can-paraffin solar collector reached the maximum value of 51% at 4 m/s.

Today, with the increasing needs, people are in contact with each other more often. This communication takes place through language. Thus, people want to learn a foreign language other than their mother tongue. In language learning stages, structural and socio-cultural contradictions arise due to the fact that the languages in the world belong to different language families. This causes difficulties in understanding and expressing skills during the foreign language learning stage. Comprehension and narration skills; listening-reading-writing-speaking. Students try to acquire these skills in the time allotted to each of them in the foreign language course. It has been observed that 4th grade students studying at Iraq Stirling School in the 2021-2022 academic year have difficulties in speaking skills while learning Turkish as a foreign language. Thereupon, the existence of this problem was embodied by the questionnaire applied to 4 teachers working as Turkish teachers at the school. The aim of this study is to find out what factors affect students' speaking difficulties, to determine the effects of speaking Turkish as a foreign language on students' speaking Turkish, which is related to gender, teacher, classroom environment and more than one language. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied to 40 4th grade students. As a result of this survey, it was determined that 67% of the students had difficulties in speaking Turkish. Keywords: Foreign language Turkish, comprehension-expression skills, speech difficulties

Solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma (SFT/HPC) is a rare neoplasm arising from spindle cells and most commonly arising from pleura. Spinal SFT/HPC is a rare entity; hence, it is not on the top of the differential diagnosis list when a clinician faces a spinal lesion. In the review of the literature, there exist less than 50 case reports of intradural extramedullary SFT/HPC. Here, we present a 54-year-old female patient who underwent subtotal surgical excision of an intradural extramedullary spinal mass pathologically reported to be SFT/HPC and had symptomatic recurrence in the 3rd year of follow-up. Surgical intervention was unachievable and the patient was given 45 Gy to the surgical cavity followed by a 5.4 Gy boost to visible tumor with external radiotherapy. Patient reported significant relief of her symptoms. We aim to contribute to the formation of a treatment algorithm for this rare entity.

In this study, the temperature values of the fuels used in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell were determined and the optimum temperature ranges were obtained for these fuels. Pure hydrogen and oxygen were used in the anode and cathode portions. In this study, moisture was taken as 40%, hydrogen amount as 0.3 ml/min and oxygen amount as 0.5 ml / min. Line temperature values in the system were also tested between 40-80°C with a 5°C difference. In the experiments carried out at 40°C, when the volt value was taken as 0.442V and the current value was taken as 1.81A, the power value obtained in the system was found to be 0.804W. In the experiment, when the current value is 1.8A and the volt value is 0.535V at 75°C, the power value in the system is found to be 1.025W. The lowest W value was calculated as 0.804W at 40°C and the highest W value was calculated as 1.025W at 75°C. These calculations are presented in tables and graphs.

Sera gazlarının salınımı ve küresel ısınma, yeryüzündeki normal döngüleri ve iklim koşullarını etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle hem normal döngüleri ve iklim koşullarını etkilemesi hem de fosil yakıtların azalması yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına yöneltmektedir. Biyogaz kalkınmayı artırmak için önemli bir enerji kaynağıdır. Büyükbaş ve küçükbaş hayvan gübresinden biyogaz üretilmesi, bu gübrelerin değerlendirilmesinin en iyi yollarından biridir. Bu araştırmanın amacı Mardin ilinde bulunan hayvansal gübrelerden oluşabilecek biyogaz üretim potansiyelini belirlemektir. Çalışmada Mardin ili genelinde bulunan büyükbaş, küçükbaş ve kanatlı hayvanlarının sayıları Mardin İl Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğü 2019 yılı verilerinden alınmış olup, 128.897 adet büyükbaş, 937.854 adet küçükbaş ve 1.974.809 adet kanatlı hayvanının varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Hesaplamalarda elde edilen verilere göre büyükbaş, küçükbaş ve kanatlı hayvanlarından oluşabilecek yıllık gübre miktarı hesaplanmış ve 1.163.972,798 ton gübreden 56.778.608,24 m3 biyogaz elde edilebileceği ve elde edilen biyogazdan yıllık 266.859.488,7 kWh elektrik enerjisi elde edilebileceği hesaplanmıştır.

Bu çalışmanın amacı Ludwig Wittgenstein’ın bakış açısından güncel entelektüel ortamın manzarasını çizmektir. Günümüz entelektüel iklimi sözcüklerin büyüsüne kapılmışlığın ve düşünme ediminin yerini alan düşünme taklidinin hükmü altındadır. Bu durumun en önemli göstergelerinden biri entelektüel düzlemde karşılığını bulan “anlaşılmazlık duvarları”dır ki bunun karşılığı entelektüel çabanın Spinozist anlamda bir kibre kapılmasıdır. Çalışma, entelektüel çabanın içine düştüğü bu “gürültü” ikliminin karşısına Wittgenstein ile kurduğu diyaloğun çerçevesinde sessizliği ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Sessizlik, entelektüel çabanın içine düştüğü gürültü ikliminin edilginliğinin sona erdiği ânın eşiğidir ve etkin bir biçimde içinde bulunulan zamanı anlama çabasının başlangıcıdır. Düşünce, bu koşulla, ezberlenmiş cümlelerin büyüleyici tekrarından kurtulacak ve öğretisel olmanın kolaycılığından, bedel gerektiren bir etkinliğe dönüşecektir. The aim of this study is to clarify the current intellectual situation within the framework of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s thoughts. The intellectual atmosphere of today is dominated by the magic of words and the act of thinking that imitates the thinking itself. One of the important indications of this situation is the “walls of incomprehensibility”, which in the Spinozian sense correspond to the arrogance of the intellectual effort. The study emphasizes silence within the framework of its dialogue with Wittgenstein in the face of this “noisy” atmosphere in which intellectual effort falls. Silence is the threshold of the passivity of the noisy atmosphere in which the intellectual effort falls, and it is the beginning of the effort to comprehend the present effectively. With this situation, thinking will get rid of the fascinating repetition of memorized sentences and will turn into activity by being translated from the ease of being a doctrine.

A novel approach is applied to obtain a desired pattern for a perfect electric plate with two ports. The location of ports is decided with the help of characteristic mode analysis. Two capacitive coupling elements are chosen to be used as excitation. The magnitude and phase of each excitation are obtained by the Bayesian inference method. In order to avoid complexity of computational design, a surrogate model, which is based on polynomial chaos expansion, is built. The surrogate model is ensured to mimic the computational model over 90%. Then, the desired pattern is compared with the synthesized one, and it is seen that the two patterns fit very well to each other and the correlation between the two patterns is above 0.9.

The Covid-19 global epidemic, which started in 2019 and impacted the whole world, affects people in many ways. In terms of areas such as transportation, health, nutrition, accommodation, security, sports and social activities, people have to live in a more limited and cautious way. As in many areas, some novel, innovative and adaptive practices have started to be implemented in education services due to the Covid-19 global epidemic. From this point of view, it was aimed to determine the stakeholder opinions about the quality standards for distance education within the scope of science education. The study group of the research consists of 96 faculty members, 124 science teachers and 168 pre-service science teachers, who were determined with appropriate sampling. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used together in the research process. Word association test and semi-structured open-ended interview questions were used to collect qualitative data. In the collection of quantitative data, a 5-point likert type scale whose validity and reliability was previously provided was used. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques and content analysis were included in the analysis of the data obtained. The results of the research, show that it takes time for the stakeholders to get used to the distance education process and that there are problems in content development at first. However, it has been determined that distance education has become a part of life and emergency compulsory remote education practices have become of more quality. In addition, it has been observed that there are differences between faculty members and teachers in adapting to distance education and determining quality standards, and these differences are shaped by various variables., 2019 yılında başlayan ve bütün dünyayı etkisi altına alan Covid-19 küresel salgını, insanları birçok açıdan etkilemektedir. Ulaşım, sağlık, beslenme, barınma, güvenlik, spor ve sosyal faaliyetler gibi alanlar bakımından insanlar daha sınırlı ve tedbirli bir şekilde yaşamak zorunda kalmaktadır. Birçok alanda olduğu gibi eğitim hizmetlerinde de Covid-19 küresel salgını nedeniyle birtakım değişiklik, yenilik ve adaptasyon uygulamaları hayata geçirilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu noktadan hareketle araştırmada, fen bilimleri eğitimi kapsamında uzaktan eğitime yönelik kalite standartları hakkında paydaş görüşlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu uygun örnekleme ile belirlenmiş 96 öğretim üyesi, 124 fen bilimleri öğretmeni ve 168 fen bilgisi öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sürecinde nitel ve nicel yaklaşımlar bir arada kullanılmıştır. Nitel verilerin toplanmasında kelime ilişkilendirme testi ve yarı yapılandırılmış açık uçlu görüşme sorularından yararlanılmıştır. Nicel verilerin toplanmasında daha önce geçerliği ve güvenirliği sağlanan 5’li likert türünde bir ölçek kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde betimsel ve çıkarımsal istatistik teknikleri ile içerik analizine yer verilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, paydaşların uzaktan eğitim sürecine alışmalarının zaman aldığı ve içerik geliştirme konusunda ilk başlarda sorunlar yaşadıklarını göstermektedir. Ancak ilerleyen süreçte uzaktan eğitimin hayatın bir parçası haline geldiği ve acil zorunlu uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarının daha nitelikli bir hale geldiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca uzaktan eğitime uyum sağlama ve kalite standartlarını belirleme konusunda öğretim üyeleri ve öğretmenler arasında farklılıklar olduğu ve bu farklılıkların çeşitli değişkenlere göre şekillendiği görülmüştür.

Bu çalışma klişe ile deneyim arasındaki bağı irdelerken bu bağın yol açtığı düşünce yoksunluğunu tartışmaktadır. Tartışmasını Adorno’nun şeyleşmiş bilinç, Wittgenstein’ın anlam körlüğü kavramlarıyla yürütürken çalışma, Arendt’in, Eichmann davasına olan tanıklığı bağlamında geliştirdiği “düşünce yoksunluğu” eleştirisini de gündemine almaktadır. Şeyleşmiş bilinç kavramı ile anlam körlüğü arasındaki ilişkisellik klişe ile yaşantının özdeşliğine dair bir sorgulamayı beraberinde getirir. Bu özdeşliğin yol açtığı düşünce yoksunluğu, mevcut gerçekliği mutlak kabul ederken düşünce bir yargılama aracına indirgenir. Anlama çabası ile dil arasındaki bağ da gözden yitmiş olur. Gelinen noktada anlam körlüğü, deneyimin olağanına dönüşür. Böylelikle de klişelerin deneyime nüfuz edişiyle birlikte, anlam ile dilin kullanımı arasındaki ilişki önemsizliğe terk edilir. Ataç da bu bağlamda, yazıyı ve entelektüel çabayı beylik sözler eşliğinde önemli görünme kaygısına dönüştüğü eleştirisini getirir. Çalışma, son kertede, klişe ile yaşantı arasındaki özdeşliği Adorno, Arendt, Ataç ve Wittgenstein’ın kavramsal yaklaşımlarını birlikte ele alarak tartışırken bu dört düşünce insanı arasındaki ortak kaygının yaşamın, bir tür olduğundan farklı görünmeye, klişeye indirgenişi olduğunu belirtir., This study discusses the connection between cliche and experience as well as the absence of thinking caused by this connection. While conducting a discussion Adorno’s concept of the reification of consciousness and Wittgensteinian concept of meaning-blindness, it deals with Arendt's criticism of the absence of thinking in the context of her observations on the Eichmann trial. The correlation between the reification of consciousness and meaning-blindness brings about questioning the identity of cliche and experience. The absence of thinking caused by this identity (re)produces thoughtlessness which means that the current form of reality is postulated an absolute form of reality, which reduces the capacity of thinking to an apparatus of judgment. The connection between understanding and language is also faded into insignificance. Herein, meaning-blindness becomes the ordinary form of experience, which means it abolishes the relation between meaning and the use of language because of the fact that cliche penetrates experience. Ataç, in this context, defines cliche as an obsession of the good writing that supports the blindness concerning instances of experience. This study, in the last instance, deals with the identity of cliche and experience within the framework of Adorno’s, Arendt, Ataç, and Wittgenstein’s conceptual approaches.

A country's competitiveness and development efforts are determined by the qualified manpower it has trained. Reaching qualified manpower is possible with a good higher education. At this point, quality and competencies of higher education institutions come to the fore. In this direction, families are constantly researching for their children to have a good university education and take into account quality indicators to make a good choice. In this study, science teacher training programs, which are higher education programs, were examined in terms of quality standards for management and administrative services. A quality standard scale has been developed within the scope of the research. The survey method, which is one of the quantitative research methods, was used in the research process. While determining the research sample, criterion sampling and appropriate sampling types were preferred. 1352 people participated in the study voluntarily and willingly. As a data collection tool, a Likert-type scale with 7 factors and 58 items was used by the researchers. The data obtained within the scope of the research were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and LISREL 9.2 package programs. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis of the developed scale, it was seen that the factor loads varied between .402 and .907. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was determined to be .817. It was found that the total variance explained was 55.93% and Cronbach's Alpha value was .907. As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, it was found that X2/Df value was 1.93, RMSEA value was .04, NNFI value was .95, SRMR value was .07 and AGFI value was .75. According to the results of the research, a valid and reliable scale was developed and it was determined that the stakeholder opinions (prospective teachers, teachers, faculty members) contributed to the quality standards at “a very significant” level., Bir ülkenin rekabet edebilme gücü ve kalkınma çabaları yetiştirmiş olduğu nitelikli insan gücü ile belirlenmektedir. Nitelikli insan gücü ise iyi bir yükseköğrenim ile mümkün olmaktadır. Bu noktada yükseköğrenim kurumlarının niteliği, kalitesi ve yetkinlikleri ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda aileler, çocuklarının iyi bir üniversite eğitimi almaları için sürekli araştırma yapmakta ve iyi bir seçim yapmak için kalite göstergelerini dikkate almaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada, bir yükseköğretim programı olan fen bilgisi öğretmen yetiştirme programları yönetim ve idari hizmetlere yönelik kalite standartları açısından incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında bir kalite standardı ölçeği geliştirilmiştir. Araştırma sürecinde nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma örneklemi belirlenirken ölçüt örnekleme ve uygun örnekleme türleri tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmaya gönüllü ve istekli olarak 1352 kişi katılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen likert türünde 7 faktörlü ve 58 maddeden oluşan bir ölçek kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen veriler, SPSS 20.0 ve LISREL 9.2 paket programları kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Geliştirilen ölçeğin açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucu faktör yüklerinin .402 ile .907 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin değerinin ise .817 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Açıklanan toplam varyansın %55.93 ve Cronbach’s Alpha değerinin ise .907 olduğu bulunmuştur. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda X2/Sd değerinin 1.93, RMSEA değerinin .04, NNFI değerinin .95, SRMR değerinin .07 ve AGFI değerinin .75 olduğu bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre geçerliği ve güvenirliği sağlanan bir ölçek geliştirilmiş ve paydaş görüşlerinin (öğretmen adayları, öğretmenler, öğretim üyeleri) kalite standartlarına “oldukça önemli” düzeyinde katılım sağladıkları belirlenmiştir.

In this study, it was aimed to examine the critical and creative thinking, multidimensional 21st century skills and the change in academic achievements as a result of technology integration of prospective teachers who have science education in pedagogy fields. Research was carried out in Turkey's western Black Sea region in a state university. 144 prospective teachers, who were educated in the faculty of education and who were in science, classroom and pre-school education departments, participated in the research. The research was carried out in 3 stages. In the first stage, technology integration is not provided. In the second stage, basic and medium level technology integration is provided. In the third stage, advanced technology integration is provided. Quantitative and qualitative approaches were used together in the research. Academic success test, critical and creative thinking test developed by the researcher as a means of quantitative data collection, and three different scales with validity and reliability were used previously. In addition, project, exam, homework, presentation and group work scores are included in the process. Semi-structured interview, observation and field notes, document review, were used as qualitative data collection tools. The quantitative data obtained were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. While doing these operations, SPSS 23.0 and LISREL 9.2 package programs were used. Qualitative data were subjected to descriptive analysis and content analysis. The results of the research show that gradual integration of technology into the education process provides a positive change in prospective teachers' critical and creative thinking, multi-dimensional 21st century skills and academic achievements.

Today’s individuals are expected to have skills in many areas as a natural consequence of the advances that have been taking place in society and technology. Particularly in developed countries, these skills are also called 21st century skills. Critical, creative and reflective thinking, problem solving and keeping up with the digital age (digital literacy) are some of these skills. Universities play a significant role in raising qualified individuals in our country. Updating the training programs, keeping up with the era and having a say in the digital world makes it a necessity for people who give education in these areas to be competent. From this point of view, this study aimed to explore the digital literacy levels of Turkish academics working in faculties of education and the perceptions of students towards technology integration competence of the academics. In this study, quantitative cross-sectional design was preferred. While selecting the participants, purposeful sampling method was used, and two different participant groups (academics and prospective teachers) were included in the process. Two scales with validity and reliability in the literature were used as data collection tools in the research. In the data collection process, firstly, a survey was administered to academics working in faculties of education, and then another one was conducted with prospective teachers. The results obtained were subjected to quantitative data analysis via SPSS 24 and AMOS 24 software, and descriptive and inferential statistics were generated. The results revealed that the variables of department, age and grade level created a significant difference in the digitalization of academics, whereas the gender variable significantly contributed only to the perceptions of prospective teachers.

Academics are known as individuals designing and conducting scientific research and they are to hold problem-solving skills, use scientific methods, carry out research, and publish at a global level. That said, they may encounter problems while performing the actions mentioned above due to a lack of foreign language proficiency, which interferes with sharing their knowledge with the others in the international arena. Taking that into consideration, this study aims to scrutinize the self-efficacy beliefs of Turkish academics regarding their oral communication in English. For this purpose, the data were collected through e-mails, and a total of 352 academics working in the departments of educational sciences participated in the study. Qualitative (document analysis) and quantitative research (survey) methods were used together in the study. The scale "A Self-efficacy Instrument for Academics’ Oral Communication in a Foreign Language" developed by Ozer, Cakir & Uzun (2019), was utilized in the quantitative data collection phase. The findings were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that the self-efficacy scores of academics with respect to their oral communication in English showed no significant difference in terms of their department, academic title, academic experience, and age variable. It also turned out that there is a significant difference between self-efficacy belief scores and experience abroad, current language exam scores, and involvement in academic events abroad. As a result of the document analysis, it was uncovered that the number of studies, especially those that examine foreign language use, is limited. It is believed that the present study will contribute to the existing literature.

21.yüzyıldaki bilimsel ve teknolojik gelişmeler beraberinde birçok yeniliği ve kolaylığı getirmiş olmasına rağmen insanlar için birtakım olumsuzlukları da getirmektedir. Sanayileşmenin hızlanması, tüketim ve üretimin artması doğal olarak çevresel atıkların ve çevre kirliliğinin de artmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu noktada doğanın korunması ve sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanabilmesi amacıyla çevre duyarlılığı (hassasiyeti) konusuna önem verilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada çevre duyarlılığı kavramına yönelik olarak öğretmen adaylarının metaforik algıları belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sürecinde nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından olgu bilim (fenomenoloji) deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini fen bilgisi, sosyal bilgiler ve sınıf öğretmenliği bölümünde okuyan 217 öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplanırken öğretmen adaylarının “Çevre duyarlılığı…….gibidir/benzer. Çünkü…..” cümlesini tamamlamaları istenilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları incelendiğinde öğretmen adaylarının 7 alt kategoride 104 farklı metafor geliştirdiği belirlenmiştir. Bunlar arasında temiz ev, geleceği düşünmek, hayatı önemsemek, ayna, bilinçli davranmak ve duyarlı olmak en sık kullanılan metaforlar olmuştur. Kişilik özellikleri ve davranış unsuru kategorisi ise en çok metaforun oluşturulduğu kategori olarak belirlenmiştir., Although the 21st century has brought many innovations and conveniences through developments in science and technology, it leads to some problems for individuals. The acceleration of industrialization, the increase in consumption and production naturally result in the accumulation of environmental wastes and environmental pollution. At this point, attention should be paid to environmental sensitivity with a view to protecting the nature and thereupon ensuring sustainability. In this study, prospective teachers' metaphorical perceptions were identified for the concept of environmental awareness. In the research process, phenomenology pattern, one of the qualitative research approaches, was resorted to. The sample of the study consists of 217 prospective teachers studying Science Education, Social Sciences Education and Classroom Education. While collecting data in the research, the prospective teachers were asked to complete the sentence: “Environmental sensitivity is like ……./Similar to…... Because… ..”. When the results of the research were examined, it was determined that teacher candidates developed 104 different metaphors in 7 sub-categories. Clean house, thinking about the future, caring about life, mirroring, acting consciously and being sensitive were the most frequently used metaphors. The category of personality traits and behavioral element was figured out as the category in which the highest number of metaphors were formed.

Post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is one of the primary complications during the course of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study was to define factors associated with the development of PTH in patients who underwent unilateral decompressive craniectomy (DC) for TBI. A total of 126 patients, who met the inclusion criteria of the study, were divided into two groups: patients with PTH (n = 25) and patients without PTH (n = 101). Their demographic, clinical, radiological, operative, and postoperative factors, which may be associated with the development of PTH, were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that cranioplasty performed later than 2 months following DC was significantly associated with the requirement for ventriculoperitoneal shunting due to PTH (p

In this study, engine tests lead the studies on using diesel fuel (ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel, ULSD), soybased biodiesel and diesel blends. Performance, combustion and exhaust emission values obtained as ULSD and biofuel blends are presented under load of 3.6 kW, 7.2 kW and 10.8 kW and constant engine speed of 1500 rpm in a diesel engine power generator and compared with ULSD. The maximum increment in break specific fuel consumption (BSFC) is observed at 3.61cW with SOB20 fuel as about 8% compared to ULSD. Although the BSFC of soy-based biodiesel is high on low loads compared to the ULSD, both types of fuel gave almost identical results. The maximum increment of BTE compared to diesel fuel is occurred as 3.1% when the engine fueled with SOB20 fuel at 10.8 kW. All biodiesel blends are almost the same efficiency as diesel however, when the load increased from 3.6 kW to 10.8 kW, the HC values of ULSD, SOBS and SOB20 are increased by 28%, 26% and 6%, respectively. However, experimental results show that using biodiesel blends partly similar to ULSD operation in diesel engine according to cylinder gas pressure, heat release rate, heat release rate, knock density and AGT. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. WOS:000510524900089 2-s2.0-85074435151

This study aims to develop a high-performance Pt/C catalyst for the cathode and anode parts of a modified Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell in nitrogen and argon gases at different microwave radiation powers. The pure and modified forms of the synthesized Pt/C catalysts were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD results revealed that the crystal structure of the modified Pt/C catalyst was perfect and that the particle size of the catalytic material grew significantly as a consequence of the modification. Furthermore, the durability of PEM fuel cell electrocatalysts was investigated using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. The experimental results indicated that microwave radiation had a significant effect on the particle size of the Pt/C catalyst. Additionally, the modified Pt/C catalyst exhibited a decreased activation potential loss and increased the cathode and anode power density values by 34% and 47%, respectively, compared to the Pt/C catalyst.

Drying, used in various sectors, is a process, which needs quite a high amount of energy. Agricultural products can deteriorate quite rapidly as their respiration continues after the harvest. A number of different methods have been used and searched to prevent the products to deteriorate and make them be used for a long time after the harvest. Drying is one of these methods. With basic meaning, drying process is removing the moisture from the agricultural products. Drying the agricultural products under the sun, a conventional drying method, has been used since ancient times. However, when this method is conducted in the open air, hygiene problems with the products emerge. Thus, it leads to serious quality loss in the products. New technologies have been searched to dry the agricultural products with the help of hot air because this method has low energy needs and long drying period. At the end of many investigations carried out, the mostly preferred properties in drying process have been revealed to be short drying period, efficient energy use, providing high quality dried products, small area needed during process; therefore, systems compatible with these properties have been designed. In this study, the drying process of 100g pineapple pieces sliced in the same sizes was performed with the help of a heater at constant temperature of 45oC and at average room temperature of 22.7oC. From the first day until the last day of experiment, measurements of pineapple slices were carried out at regular intervals; and at the end of the fifth day, it was determined that the total weight of 100g pineapple dropped to 12.35gr, which meant that the weight of the product decreased 87.65g in total. In accordance with the data obtained, the moisture rate (mr) and moisture content of the dried product were measured at every hour during drying and calculated and shown on the graphs.

With the pandemic, conspiracy theories about the COVID-19 began to spread rapidly in the virtual environment. It is not difficult for these conspiracy theories to replace scientific knowledge, particularly those with low scientific literacy. This study aimed to examine whether there is a relationship between university students' attitudes towards socioscientific issues (viz. their views on conspiracy theories) and their views on the COVID-19 process and vaccination. 1275 university students from different universities studying at various departments participated in the study. “The Attitude Scale towards Socioscientific Issues" developed by Topcu (2010) and the "COVID-19 process and Vaccination Questionnaire" developed by the researchers consisting of 20 questions were used as data collection tools in the study. In analysing the data obtained from the application, the continuous variables with two categories were analysed using the independent groups' t-test since the research data showed normal distribution and provided the preconditions. A one-way ANOVA test was used in the analysis of continuous variables with more than two categories. The chi-square test was used in the analysis of categorical variables, and a multinominal logistic regression was performed when examining the relationship between main variables and categorical variables. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that students with a high attitude towards socioscientific issues were more scientifically oriented to conspiracy theories, the existence of the COVID-19 and its origin, and their ideas about vaccination were more positive. In the post-pandemic period, a restructuring of science education in which socioscientific issues are concentrated upon to increase health literacy and scientific literacy arguably appears urgent.

This study is focused on cell-based experimental analysis of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) with sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The change in cell-based voltage values of 10-cell PEM fuel cell at two different temperatures was evaluated by keeping at constant load NaBH4, pure water and citric acid (C6H8O7) which is used as a catalyzer. 3 g NaBH4, H2O/NaBH4: 2 mol/mol (x=0), and C6H8O7 catalyzer/NaBH4: 0.1 g/g and 250 cm3 of reactor volume production were realized. When the water temperature was raised to 60 ºC from 40 ºC, total voltage value increased by 6.1%. While, in the experiment of 40 ºC, the interchange in voltage values were between 0.53 V and 0.78 V, the mean values in the experiment of 60 ºC were between 0.61 V and 0.79 V. Bu çalışma, sodyum borhidrür (NaBH4) kullanılan bir proton değiştirme membranı (PEM) yakıt pilinin hücre bazlı deneysel analizi üzerine odaklanmıştır. NaBH4, saf su ve katalizör olarak kullanılan sitrik asit (C6H8O7) sabit yükte tutularak iki farklı sıcaklıkta 10 hücreli PEM yakıt pilinin hücre bazlı gerilim değerlerindeki değişim değerlendirilmiştir. 3 g NaBH4, H2O/NaBH4: 2 mol/mol (x=0) ve C6H8O7 katalizörü/NaBH4: 0.1 g/g ile 250 cm3 reaktör hacminde hidrojen üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Su sıcaklığı 40 ºC’den 60 ºC’ye çıkarıldığında toplam gerilim değeri % 6.1 oranında artmıştır. 40 °C deneyinde ortalama gerilim değerleri 0.53 V ila 0.78 V arasında değişirken 60 °C deneyinde ise ortalama değerler 0.61 V ila 0.79 V arasında değişmiştir.

Panel tilt angles (0°–90°) need to be in a proper position and location to get maximum productivity from solar energy. Values used in solar energy applications are generally computed by (global, diffuse, and direct) variation on horizontal surfaces calculated using isotropic sky and a mean albedo method. Being parallel to the available literature concerning such applications, this study focuses on the optimum solar panel angle. In this study, optimum solar panel angle value by months was determined for three sample provinces (Antalya, Kayseri, and Trabzon) first and North Hemisphere then. Capacity calculation of sample provinces was performed based on monthly, seasonal, and annual angle values and horizontal situation. Monthly and annual optimum angle values for Northern Hemisphere by 1° increase for between the latitudes of 1° N and 65° N. While the panel angle is at the highest level in autumn and winter (November-December-January and February) in annual process, the lowest angle is observed in spring and summer (May-June-July-August). Several different mathematical models have been developed for the sample provinces and Northern Hemisphere. While the variable of 12 different models that were developed for provinces is the Declination (δ) coefficient, the variable of 7 different models that were developed Northern Hemisphere is the latitude (Ø). Regional values in literature with estimation results of models were analyzed based on NASA and PVGIS data color scale. There was created a possibility of comparison by aligning all the optimum solar panel angle values of related location via a scale whose values vary by 1 and 10. Moreover, all the models were verified by statistical analysis methods. R2 (determination coefficient) in 19 different estimation equations is pretty close or equal to 1. However, the best among them is Eq. 32 (0.9979) for sample provinces and Eq. (33) (1) for the Northern Hemisphere; developed models are less-than-stellar. Other statistical data of these equations are MBE (−0.0616), RMSE (1.1176), t-sat (0.1830), Bias (1). For Eq. (32); MBE (1.96), RMSE (2.75), t-sat (8.13), MPE % (3.98), MAPE (5.87), SSRE (0.27), and RSE (0.06) for Eq. (33). The statistical analyzes indicate that all regression models are applicable in Turkey and Northern Hemisphere. Developed all correlations are recommended for academic and industrial users.

Art is one of the most powerful ways of expressing an individual's internal state, expectations and needs with an aesthetic attitude. Different materials can be used during the expression process including colour, line, sound, movement, word, object and so on. Although the materials used in these branches of art are different from each other, the path followed in the application process and the final results are the same “to reveal an aesthetic product”. In order for an artistic practice to mature and reach the beautiful one, the practitioner must have the art education discipline and acquire certain knowledge, skills and understanding of the art field concerned. The art of painting, which is one of the plastic arts, provides the ability to search for beauty through lines and colours on two dimensional surfaces, to create compositions and express the individual's self with this composition, also has its own beauty value criteria. From this point of view, it was aimed to determine the opinions of the prospective teachers studying in the Department of Painting Education in the study about the beauty criteria that should be in the picture. In this study, survey method which is one of the quantitative research methods was preferred. As a data collection tool, a five - point Likert - type scale was developed by the researchers, and 25 items were used. 110 prospective teachers from various grades participated in the study. The results of the research showed that the prospective teachers greatly contributed to the beauty criteria that should be in the picture.

PEM (Polymer Membrane Fuel Cell) is a technology that emitselectricity from the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen gases. Thematerial is also capable of generating electricity due to the temperaturedifference applied to both surfaces. In this study, it is aimed to establish amechanism to evaluate the waste heat produced by the fuel cell by usingpeltier. The fuel cell is designed to facilitate heat transfer to the ThermoelectricCoolant. One side of the Thermoelectric Coolant was mounted on the heat exitsurface of the fuel cell and a fan was used to remove heat from the othersurface. As a result of the experiments, it was seen that the most efficientworking range of PEM fuel cell was limited to 70-80oC, thus thesurface temperature difference required for the efficient operation of thepeltier was not fully formed. However, it has been determined that the energyobtained from the PEM fuel cell can be increased by 10% in these conditions., PEM (Polymer Membrane Fuel Cell) is a technology that emits electricity from the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen gases. The material is also capable of generating electricity due to the temperature difference applied to both surfaces. In this study, it is aimed to establish a mechanism to evaluate the waste heat produced by the fuel cell by using peltier. The fuel cell is designed to facilitate heat transfer to the Thermoelectric Coolant. One side of the Thermoelectric Coolant was mounted on the heat exit surface of the fuel cell and a fan was used to remove heat from the other surface. As a result of the experiments, it was seen that the most efficient working range of PEM fuel cell was limited to 70-80oC, thus the surface temperature difference required for the efficient operation of the peltier was not fully formed. However, it has been determined that the energy obtained from the PEM fuel cell can be increased by 10% in these conditions.

Background: Over 200 human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) polymorphism combinations have been implicated in the development of cancer. This study aimed to evaluate hTERT mutations in meningioma tissue and its association with meningioma. Material and Methods: A total of 90 patients who underwent surgery between 2006 and 2015 and were histopathologically diagnosed with meningioma (WHO 2016) were included. Results: Among the 90 participants included herein, 50 (55.5%) and 40 (44.5%) were female and male, respectively, with an average age of 56.2 ± 14 years. Mean Ki-67 values were 10.56% (SD 12.41, range 0-60), while the mean follow-up duration was 39.1 months (SD 26.3). Low- and high-grade patients had a mean Ki-67 score of 4.31% (SD 3.58, range 0-16) and 19.92% (SD 14.91, range 2-60) (p = 0.0001). Our results showed a moderate positive correlation between Ki-67 score and the presence of hTERT mutation (Pearson correlation test, r = 0.5161; p = 0.0001). Patients with an hTERT mutation > 30% had significantly higher risk for reoperation than those with lower levels of mutation (p = 0.016, chi square test). None of the patients requiring reoperation had an hTERT mutation < 10%. Moreover, high-grade patients had a 7.2 times higher risk of reoperation than those with an hTERT mutation > 30%. Conclusion: The presence of hTERT mutation, in addition to high Ki-67, indicated a more aggressive meningioma disease course and potentially increased risk of recurrence.

The objective of the study was to analyze the complications of neurosurgical operations during the COVID-19 pandemic by comparing them with the complications observed in the pre-pandemic period.Two groups were formed: (1) Patients who were operated in the 5-month period of the pandemic (March-July 2020) and (2) those who were operated the same operations in the same period 1 year before (March-July 2019). Demographics, characteristics, medical follow-up data, complications, and outcome compared between the groups.Similar demographics were observed between the groups. The number of all neurosurgical cases and neurotrauma cases decreased by 79% and 68% in pandemic period, respectively. The rate of emergency surgeries was significantly higher in pandemic group (p0.001). The operation time was significantly longer in pandemic group (p=0.014). Total complication rate was significantly higher in pandemic group (p=0.002). Specifically, the rate of pulmonary complications was significantly higher during pandemic period (p0.001). The infection rate (p0.001), antibiotic use (p0.001), and intensive care unit stay (p=0.023) were significantly higher in pandemic group.During pandemic period complication rates increased and a higher risk than expected was encountered. Treatment should be performed by taking the precautions and informing the patients about additional risks.

In this study, the problem of backward heating in microwave ablation technique is examined and an electromagnetic solution based on the use of high impedance graphene material is presented for its mitigation. In this context, a one-atom-thick graphene layer is added on the coaxial double slot antenna. In addition to the electromagnetic behavior, thermal effects caused by the graphene-covered antenna are emphasized. The graphene's conductivity being highly dependent on its chemical potential and the relaxation time, a parametric study is performed to determine a range of tolerances within which the graphene-coated antenna outperform a typical graphene-free antenna. The range of values is found to be 0 < μc < 0.5 eV and τ < 0.4 ps, for the chemical potential and the relaxation time, respectively. The backward heating problem being prevented, the ablation region is ensured to be spherical around the tip of the antenna. Effects of the graphene layer to the heat dissipation in the tissue, the necrotic tissue ratio (damage to the cancerous tissue of the caused by electromagnetic energy), and the treatment time using the coaxial double slot antenna were examined. The results show that the heat dissipation is concentrated around the slots (region of cancerous tissue) and a higher necrotic tissue ratio can be achieved with a graphene-covered double slot antenna in a shorter time.

This research aims to approach distance education activities and to COVID-19 from a different perspective during the pandemic process. It is seen that many studies in the literature were prepared with a single data collection tool or a limited number of data. In this context, it was thought to bring a different perspective by making data diversification. This research has the ethics committee document issued number 1, dated 25.03.2021, with decision number 96 obtained from the Ethical Board of Kastamonu University. In the research process, one of the basic mixed-method designs, combining (diversification) pattern was used. 865 teachers candidates from 9 different departments and 4 different grade levels, studying in the education faculty of a state university in Turkey in the 2020-2021 academic year, participated in the research. In the research, metaphor application, a word association test, a semi-structured interview and a 20-question scale prepared by the researchers were used as data collection tools. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive, content and inferential statistical methods. As a result of the research, 7 different categories and a total of 153 different metaphors were found out. As a result of the word association test, 6 main concepts and a total of 46 sub-concepts formed. The semi-structured interview and scale results demonstrate that the attitudes of the teacher candidates towards the technical infrastructure, measurement-evaluation, and distance education process are low and that their satisfaction rates are below their expectations., Bu araştırmada, pandemi sürecindeki uzaktan eğitim faaliyetlerine ve COVID-19’a farklı bir bakış açısı ile yaklaşılması amaçlanmıştır. Alanyazında bulunan birçok çalışmanın tek bir veri toplama aracı ya da sınırlı sayıda veri ile hazırlandığı görülmektedir. Bu kapsamda veri çeşitlemesi yapılarak farklı bir bakış açısı getirilmesi düşünülmüştür. Araştırmada temel karma yöntem desenlerinden birleştirme (çeşitleme) deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya Türkiye’de bir devlet üniversitesinin eğitim fakültesinde 2020- 2021 akademik yılında öğrenim gören 9 farklı bölümde ve 4 farklı sınıf düzeyinde bulunan 865 öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Bu araştırma, Kastamonu Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu'nun 25.03.2021 tarih ve 1 numaralı toplantısında alınan 96 sayılı kararı ile etik kurul iznine sahiptir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak metafor uygulaması, kelime ilişkilendirme testi, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme ve araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan 20 soruluk bir ölçek kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler betimsel, içerik ve çıkarımsal istatistik yöntemleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda 7 farklı kategori ve toplam 153 farklı metafor saptanmıştır. Kelime ilişkilendirme testi sonucunda 6 ana kavram ve toplam 46 alt kavram oluşmuştur. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme ve ölçek sonuçları öğretmen adaylarının teknik altyapı, ölçme-değerlendirme ve uzaktan eğitim sürecine yönelik tutumlarının düşük olduğunu ve memnuniyet oranlarının beklentilerinin altında çıktığını göstermektedir.