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41. Adelosgryllus rubricephalus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Fig. 35) — i) courtship song 5.9 kHz ± 0.31 (5.4–6.4, n=14); short chirps with 0.31 s ± 0.07 (0.21–0.47, n = 14), including 14 P/ch ± 1.93 (11–19, n = 14); chirp rate was not obtained because the chirps emission occurs according to the courtship context; ii) State of Rio Grande do Sul, municipality of Capão do Leão and Jaguarão; State of Paraná, municipality of Foz do Iguaçu (Parque Nacional do Iguaçu); iii) present paper. Note: this species does not produce a calling song., Published as part of Zefa, Edison, Martins, Luciano De Pinho, Demari, Christian Peter, Acosta, Riuler Corrêa, Centeno, Elliott, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De, Miyoshi, Akio Ronaldo, Fianco, Marcos, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Timm, Vitor Falchi, Costa, Maria Kátia Matiotti Da & Szinwelski, Neucir, 2022, Singing crickets from Brazil (Orthoptera: Gryllidea), an illustrated checklist with access to the sounds produced, pp. 211-237 in Zootaxa 5209 (2) on page 223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5209.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7325966

Adelosgryllus ferratilis n. sp. (Figures 2–6, 7–14, 15–17, 18–19, 20-24, Table 2) Material examined. Holotype ♂, code ISLA 66166, Brazil, Pará state, municipality of Curionópolis, SL-110 cave (5º 57’ 32.351” S; 49º 37’ 49.592” W), 16.i.2012, CARSTE leg. Holotype condition: right tegmen and legs were detached, and maintained in holotype’s tube. Paratypes, 1 ♂, 03.xi.2012 ( ISLA 66154), CARSTE leg. SL-94 cave (5º 57’ 6.291” S; 49º 37’ 56.475” W) and 1 ♂, 16.i.2012 (ISLA 66165), CARSTE leg. SL-109 (5º 57’ 32.350” S; 49º 37’ 49.591” W), all specimens collected in same municipality of holotype. Distribution. Known for six caves: SL-79 (05º 57’ 53.438” S; 49º 38’ 19.786” W) (photographic register), SL-82 (05º 57’ 30.961” S; 49º 38’ 14.866” W) (photographic register), SL-94 (5º 57’ 6.291” S; 49º 37’ 56.475” W), SL-109 (5º 57’ 32.350” S; 49º 37’ 49.591” W), SL-110 (5º 57’ 32.351” S; 49º 37’ 49.592” W) and SL-121 (05º 55’ 44.369” S; 49º 40’ 30.007” W (photographic register) (Fig. 1, dark stars), well sampled only on SL-94, SL-109 and SL-110, all localities distributed in the municipality of Curionópolis, Pará state, Brazil. Etymology. The specific epithet ferratilis refers to the presence of this species in iron caves. Diagnosis. Combination of the following characteristics: paramere 1 well developed, C-shaped (very similar to A. spurius and A. lucifugus), inner basal margin acuminated, apex dilated and curved inward (Ps.P1.p, Figs 2–6); rami elongated (very similar to A. spurius and A. lucifugus), narrow and well sclerotized slightly curved inside and apex triangular shaped (R, Figs 2, 3, 4 and 6); ectophallic fold well sclerotized, with the lateral border directed outward, central part slightly convex at apex and linear shaped bottom borders (Ec.F, Fig. 3); endophallus circularshaped and vertically elongated, with short ventral crest (End.Sc), similar to A. lucifugus, but more sclerotized and slightly developed (End.Sc), connected to ectophallic fold by an inverted V-shaped membrane (End.Sc, Figs 3 and 5). Description, male holotype. General Coloration. Body light brown and head slightly yellowish, possibly discoloration occurred after fixation in ethanol 70% (Fig. 7—14); Head. slightly pubescent with long bristles between the scapes (Fig. 7), around the eyes and on the posterior and occiput margins of the head almost no bristles are evident (apparently lost after fixation in ethanol 70%), occiput region slightly darkened behind the eyes (Fig. 8); Eyes. compound eyes black and with depigmented upper region near the scape insertion (Fig. 8); ocelli absent (Fig. 7); Mouthparts. clypeus and labrum whitish, mandibles dark outline (Figs 7 and 8); maxillary and labial palps yellowish and whitish brown between the articulations (Figs 7 and 8, picture shows only the first three); maxillary palp slightly pubescent, elongated, with five articulations; first and second palpomeres similar in size and shorter than the others; third and fourth similar in size and shorter than fifth; fifth palpomere longest of all, claviform shape, dilated in distal portion (Figs 7 and 8, picture shows only the first three); labial palps less pubescent than maxillary palps, with three articulations of increasing size, third palpomere claviform shape (Figs 7 and 8); Antennae. scape pubescent, dorsal portion whitish brown and with some slightly darkened spots, oval and dilated shape, inner distal portion with long bristles (Fig. 7); pedicel dark brown with whitish regions on outer face, narrow, cylindrical and slightly compressed on median portion; antennomeres with dark brown base and whitish distal region, slightly pubescent, twice as short than pedicel (Figs 7 and 8). Thorax. pronotum pubescent with few long bristles on the edges (with lost bristles after fixation in ethanol 70%), darkened brown towards the extremities and whitish in the medial portion, marked with a whitish vertical and horizontal median band, and two small symmetrical white spots near the proximal portion, dorsal disc wider than long, lateral lobe rounded (Fig. 9). Legs. Leg I: femur proximal part whitish becoming brownish distally, tibia brownish and with two subequal apical spurs, tibia with an oval auditory tympanum at inner side, first tarsomere twice as large than second and third together, second tarsomere with one quarter of the third tarsomere length, all tarsomeres brownish between the articulations, pre-tarso broken (Fig. 17). Leg II: similar to leg I, with tibial apical spurs longer than leg I. Leg III: same appearance as legs I and II, femur developed, whitish towards proximal region, articulation between femur and tibia with a reddish-brown color with black spots at basilateral inner and outer regions, distal portion brownish; tibia slightly brownish, with three inner (SS Int., Fig. 16) and three outer subapical spurs (SS Ext., Fig. 15), and four inner (d, e, f, and g, Fig. 16) and three outer apical spurs (a, b, and c, Fig. 15), first tarsomere developed with two apical spurs, inner slightly bigger than outer (Figs 15 and 16). Right tegmen. Light brown, covering the first four abdominal tergites (Figs 10 and 11). Lateral field (in lateral view, Figs 10 and 19): diagonal vein (DV) poorly marked in its distal region; subcostal vein (SC) well marked, reaching a third of the lateral field, with one branch on the lateral margin, the branch connects with R vein in the medial region of the wing length; subcostal (SC), radial (R) and medial (M) veins parallelly distributed in the lateral field; R with a median branch, curved to the distal direction of the wing; between the parallel veins M and R can be seen some cross-vein poorly marked (three or more); Field (in ventral view, Fig. 18): anal area, chordal area, harp area and the mirror area well developed; anal region with veins anal 1 (1A), anal 2 (2A) and anal 3 (3A) poorly marked, 1A more narrow than 2A and 3A; chordal area with veins 1A, 2A and curbital 2 (Cu2) well marked; Cu2* modified in stridulatory file; harp with a median-longitudinal vein (L), and three crossed veins (Hcv), forming four well demarked cells, connecting Cu2* towards the lateral field, the first two external veins crossing L; mirror triangular oval, with one crossed vein (Mcv) connected to a distal cross vein in the opposite orientation, Mcv with a poorly marked vertical upper branch, one cell distal is present below the Cu2; stridulatory file with 92 teeth. Abdomen. tergites pubescent, light brown and slightly darkened dorsally (Figs 10 and 11); sternites pubescent, slightly whiter than the tergites and with a pattern of dark spots above the light brown spot in the most central region of each sternite (Fig. 10); subgenital plate pubescent, light brown and slightly darkened towards the side edges, distal and side margin with long bristles, quadrangular shape, distal central region with a slightly indentation (Fig. 12); supra-anal plate pubescent, darkened throughout the structure than subgenital plate, trapezoidal shaped, with small lateral projections, distal portion rounded and with long bristles (Fig. 14); cerci light brown and whitish at the base (Fig. 13). Observations in Paratypes. Male phallic sclerites (paratype ISLA 66165, Figs 2–6) Pseudepiphallic: pseudepiphallic median lophy claviform and thin, apex rounded and slightly curved inward, with bristles (Ps.m.l, Figs 2, 4, 5 and 6); paramere 1 well developed, C-shaped (very similar to A. spurius and A. lucifugus), inner basal margin acuminated, apex dilated and curved inward (Ps.P1.p, Figs 2–6); paramere 2 connected to paramere 1 by membranous tissue, slightly more bulging and sclerotized than A. spurius and A. lucifugus (Ps.P2, Figs 5 and 6); rami elongated (very similar to A. spurius and A. lucifugus), narrow and well sclerotized slightly curved inside and triangular shaped at the tip (R, Figs 2, 3, 4 and 6). Ectophallic invagination: ectophallic sclerite H-shaped shortened (similar to A. spurius and A. lucifugus) (Figs 2 and 3), apex of posterior projections quadrangular-shaped in ventral view, dilated and well sclerotized, following the shape of the internal basal margin of pseudepiphallic paramere and connected to the Ps.P1 by membranous tissue (Ec.Pr, Figs 2–4 and 6); ectophallic arc slightly longer and wider than A. spurius and A. lucifugus (Ec.Arc, Figs 2 and 3); ectophallic fold well sclerotized, with the lateral border towards outside, central part slightly convex at the top and linear shaped bottom borders (Ec.F, Fig. 3). Endophallus: circular-shaped and vertically elongated, with a short ventral crest (End.Sc), similar to A. lucifugus, but more sclerotized and slightly developed (End.Sc), connected to the ectophallic fold by an inverted V-shaped membrane (End.Sc, Fig. 3 and 5). Ecological Remarks Specimens of Adelosgryllus ferratilis n. sp. were found in Curionópolis municipality, Pará state, Brazil. The caves where specimens were observed are located in an area regionally known as “Serra Leste”. This area presents several iron-ore caves, but also some quartzite caves. The species was observed in several caves in the area, especially those ferruginous. Such caves are usually small (few dozens of meters) and several cavities only comprises rock shelters, without aphotic areas. The main organic resources observed in those caves is the bat guano and vegetable organic debris, deposited by wind or water. Although the area was originally covered by a tropical rainforest (Amazon rainforest), it is currently highly impacted, by both the replacement of the forests by pastures and by mining activities. The populations of A. ferratilis n. sp. are usually small inside the caves, so that the species may use the caves only sporadically. However, since the external environments were not sampled, it is currently impossible to establish the actual distribution of this species (Figs 20–24).

Adelosgryllus endogeus n. sp. (Figures 72–76, 77–84, 85–87, 88–89, 90–96, 97–101, Table 1) Material examined. Holotype ♂, code ISLA 66155, Brazil, Minas Gerais state, municipality of Pains, endogenous habitat near the Santuário cave (20º 25’ 8.640” S; 45º 46’ 21.790” W), 24.iv.2021 – 25.v.2021, Ferreira R.L. leg. Holotype condition: right tegmen and legs detached, and maintained in holotype tube. Paratypes, 1 ♀♀, 26.v.2021 – 25.vi.2021 (ISLA 66156), Ferreira R. L. leg., same locality of holotype. Distribution. Known only to the sampled area, near the Santuário cave (20º 25’ 8.640” S; 45º 46’ 21.790” W), Pains municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the specimen's association with soil interstitials. From the Latin “ endogeus ”, endo = within, geus = origin. Diagnosis. Combination of the following characteristics: pseudepiphallic paramere 1 oval shaped, sclerotized with proximal region (connected to ectophallic projection) concave (Ps.P1, Fig. 73); paramere 2 lightly curved and uniformly sharpened (Ps.P2, Figs 75 and 76); ectophallic projection strongly sclerotized and dilated in its proximal region (connected to Ps.P1) (Ec.Pr, Fig. 73); ectophallic fold well sclerotized and C-shaped, lateral edges facing horizontally forward (in ventral view) (Ec.F, Fig. 73); endophallus less sclerotized, circular and vertically elongated (similar to A. cruscastaneus) (End.Sc, Fig. 73). Description, male holotype. Similar to A. ferratilis n. sp. with the following differences: body dark brown, with very darkened regions and head dark orange, possibly there was less discoloration in this species, because a priori it was collected in formalin, later fixed in ethanol 70% (Figs 77–84); occiput region is slightly darkened behind the eyes (Figs 77 and 78), compound eyes less unpigmented in upper region near the scape insertion (Figs 77 and 78); pronotum darkened, with a vertical band slightly whitish, without horizontal band (Fig. 79); tergites darkened (Fig. 80). Right tegmen: dark brown, very sclerotic, covering the first six abdominal tergites (Fig. 80). Lateral field (in lateral view, Fig. 89): subcostal (SC) and radial (R) veins with poorly marked irregular veins, medial (M) and radial (R) veins connected to each other by poorly marked irregular veins. Field (in ventral view, Fig. 88): harp with a median-longitudinal vein (L) fusing the first proximal cross vein (Hcv), with reticular veins in the first three distal cells; mirror with a narrower proximal part of triangular shape and reticular veins in all cells, one crossed vein (Mcv), broken distal and proximal portion; subgenital plate extremely darkened, elongated, pubescent in all marginal extension, rounded at apex (Figs 82 and 83); subgenital plate extremely darkened (Figs 35–37); stridulatory file with 81 teeth. Observations in Paratypes. Male phallic sclerites: similar to A. similis Zefa & Corrêa 2018, with the following differences: Pseudepiphallic: pseudepiphallic median lophy narrow claviform, developed and acuminate at apex (Ps.m.l, Figs 72, 74–76); parameres 1 and 2 connected, forming a lenticular structure, paramere 1 with more uniform sclerotization, with a more concave proximal region (connected to the ectophallic projection), paramere 2 is more sclerotized and more straight vertically (Figs 74–76); rami broken, well sclerotized in base and apparently similar to A. similis (R, Figs 72 and 73). Ectophallic invagination: apex of the ectophallic apodeme broken, medial portion well sclerotized, apparently similar to A. similis (Ect.Ap, Figs 72 and 73); posterior projections well sclerotized, lenticular shape, apex rounded at tip, membranous and dilated (Ec.Pr. Figs 73, 74 and 76); ectophallic fold well sclerotized, U-shaped, upper extremities more elongated than A. similis (Ec.F, Fig. 73). Endophallus: rectangularshaped rounded and vertically elongated, but narrow and elongated than A. cruscastaneus (End. Sc, Fig. 73). Female (Figs 90–96, ISLA 66156). Body of same coloration to holotype, head more dark orange than males (Fig. 90), body size bigger than the holotype (9.272 mm); small wings triangular-shaped (Fig. 90); supra-anal plate darkened, trapezoidal-shaped, with two small lateral projections, rounded at apex, with long apical bristles (Figs 92 and 93); subgenital plate darkened, short, V-shaped (Figs 91 and 92); ovipositor well sclerotized, elongated and thin (3.970 mm), size proportional to tibia III, sword format at apex (Figs 90–92 and 94–96). Copulatory Papilla. lost during clarification procedure in potassium hydroxide (KOH). Ecological Remarks Specimens of Adelosgryllus endogeus n. sp. were found in Pains municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The individuals were sampled by a set of subterranean traps buried in the soil, installed to collect surface subterranean fauna. These traps consist of plastic pots interconnected by a central rod (Fig. 100) and introduced into PVC pipes with perforations every 10 cm. Each set of perforations in the pipes allow only the organisms from each stratum to fall into each pot, as each pot is internally coupled to the pipe in order to prevent access to the other levels. At each sampling point, three sets of traps were installed (Fig. 99), totaling thirty collection pots per point (three pots at each level, starting at 5 cm and along the area, always in places close to cave entrances. The traps were inspected monthly, when the contents (4% formalin containing the collected invertebrates) were removed and replaced. Along the 12 months of the project, 2,160 samples of different depth were obtained. Even with this sampling effort, only two specimens of A. endogeus n. sp. were collected, both at the same point (Figs 97 and 98). The holotype (male) was the first to be collected, between April and May 2021. As the traps remained in the field for about a month, it is not possible to determine the exact date of collection. The female was sampled in the next interval, in the exact location of the male. Both specimens were trapped at 45 cm deep in the soil (Figs 101 and 102). It is interesting noting that although many caves in the area have been sampled along the last is important karstic province years, specimens of A. endogeus n. sp. were never observed, thus suggesting that they might be preferably associated to soil interstitials. The reduced size of this species (which is smaller than all the congeners) corroborate this hypothesis, although it is also important to conduct samplings in other epigean substrates in the area in order to determine the distribution of this species., Published as part of Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant'Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira & Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, 2022, Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats, pp. 83-109 in Zootaxa 5133 (1) on pages 102-107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6521377, {"references":["Correa, R. C., Pereira, M. R., Da Costa, M. K. M., Szinwelski, N. & Martins, L. D. (2018) Two new species of crickets Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae) from the Araripe-Apodi National Forest, state of Ceara, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4420 (1), 97 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4420.1.5"]}

Adelosgryllus megapterus n. sp. (Figures 46–51, 52–59, 60–62, 63–64, 65–71, Table 3) Material examined. Holotype ♂, code ISLA 66157, Brazil, Minas Gerais state, Conceição do Mato Dentro municipality, Resgate cave (18º 55’ 41.593” S; 43º 25’ 10.146” W), 12.iv.2018, CARSTE leg. Holotype condition: right tegmen and legs detached, and maintained in holotype’s tube. Paratypes, 3 ♂♂ (ISLA 64193, ISLA 64208 and ISLA 64206) and 1♀♀ (ISLA 64165), ISLA 64193 and 64206 same data of holotype, ISLA 64208 and 64165 collected in 05.v.2018, all specimens collected in same locality of holotype. Distribution. Known only to Resgate cave (18º 55’ 41.593” S; 43º 25’ 10.146” W), Conceição do Mato Dentro municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the presence and size from second pair membranous wings present in some adult males of this species, from the Latin “ megapterus ”, mega = large, pterus = wing. Diagnosis. Combination of the following characteristics: superior inner base of paramere 1 quadrangular-shaped with slight bulging (ventral view) (Ps.P1, Fig. 47); paramere 2 slightly inclined towards pseudepiphallic median projection (dorsal view) (Ps.P2, Fig. 46); rami dilated, acuminate apex and poorly sclerotized (very similar to A. spurius) (R, Figs 47, 48 and 50); pseudepiphallic posterior projections poorly sclerotized, quadrangular-shaped, a little less developed compared to A. lucifugus and A. xambioa n. sp. (Ec.Pr, Fig. 50); ectophallic fold well sclerotized, lateral border slightly directed outward (Ec.F, Fig. 47); endophallus slightly less sclerotized (when compared to A. ferratilis n. sp.), circular-shaped and vertically elongated (similar to A. ferratilis n. sp.) (End.Sc, Fig. 47). Description, male holotype. Similar to A. ferratilis n. sp. with the following differences: body dark brown and head slightly orange, possibly discoloration occurred after fixation in ethanol 70% (Figs 52 and 53); compound eyes with a depigmented well pronounced upper region near the scape insertion (Fig. 52), vestigial ocelli; pronotum dark brown, well darkened and pubescent, marked with a whitish vertical band and a slight horizontal band, absence white spots (Fig. 54); Right tegmen: well sclerotized, covering the first four or five abdominal tergites (Fig. 55). Lateral field (in lateral view, Figs 55 and 64): diagonal (DV) and subcostal (SC) veins well marked, connected to each other by poorly marked irregular veins; radial (R) vein with five branches towards outside; medial (M) and radial (R) veins connected to each other by well-marked irregular veins. Field (in ventral view, Fig. 63): harp with reticular veins in the first three distal cells; mirror with reticular veins in all cells, with a narrower proximal part of triangular shape (similar to A. xambioa n. sp.); second pair membranous wings developed occur below the tegmina (Figs 55 and 56); subgenital plate darker and acuminate at apex (Fig. 57); supra-anal plate darker (Figs 58 and 59); stridulatory file with 102 teeth. Observations in Paratypes. Male phallic sclerites: Similar to A. ferratilis n. sp. with the following differences: phallic complex less sclerotized, but more sclerotized than A. xambioa n. sp. (Figs 46–50); Pseudepiphallic: superior inner base of paramere 1 quadrangular-shaped with slight bulging (ventral view) (Ps.P1, Fig. 47); paramere 2 slightly inclined towards pseudepiphallic median projection (dorsal view) (Ps.P2, Fig. 46); rami dilated, acuminate apex and poorly sclerotized (very similar to A. spurius) (R, Figs 47, 48 and 50); Ectophallic invagination: posterior projections poorly sclerotized, quadrangular-shaped, a little less developed compared to A. lucifugus and A. xambioa n. sp. (Ec.Pr, Fig. 50); ectophallic fold well sclerotized, lateral border slightly towards outside (Ec.F, Fig. 47). Endophallus: endophallic sclerite slightly less sclerotized (End.Sc, Fig. 26). Female (Figs 65–71, ISLA 64165). Same coloration as holotype (Fig. 65), body size bigger than the holotype (11.382 mm); small wings triangular-shaped (Fig. 65); supra-anal plate darkened and with white spots, trapezoidalshaped, with two small lateral projections, rounded at apex, with long apical bristles (Figs 67 and 68); subgenital plate light brown, short, V-shaped (Figs 66 and 67); ovipositor elongated and thin (5.255 mm), size proportional to tibia III, sword format at apex (Figs 65–67 and 69–71). Copulatory Papilla (Fig. 51: a, b and c, ISLA 64165): well sclerotized, circular-shaped (similar to A. lucifugus), with an extensive opening, in the half moon shape, reaching more than 2/3 of the structure in dorsal view (Fig. 51c); lateral face sclerotized (similar to A. lucifugus) (Fig. 51b), apex slightly concave, with a ventral indentation followed by a less sclerotized region (in white), base with a large membranous opening half moon shape in ventral view (Fig. 51a). Ecological Remarks Since the specimens of Adelosgryllus megapterus n. sp. were not collected by any of the authors of this study, there is no information regarding its habitat preferences. However, as for other species herein described, despite the fact that the species was only found inside a cave, it does not exhibit any troglomorphic traits, thus not being a caverestricted species. Accordingly, it is likely that the species’ distribution is much wider than currently known.

Adelosgryllus endogeus n. sp. (Figures 72–76, 77–84, 85–87, 88–89, 90–96, 97–101, Table 1) Material examined. Holotype ♂, code ISLA 66155, Brazil, Minas Gerais state, municipality of Pains, endogenous habitat near the Santuário cave (20º 25’ 8.640” S; 45º 46’ 21.790” W), 24.iv.2021 – 25.v.2021, Ferreira R.L. leg. Holotype condition: right tegmen and legs detached, and maintained in holotype tube. Paratypes, 1 ♀♀, 26.v.2021 – 25.vi.2021 (ISLA 66156), Ferreira R. L. leg., same locality of holotype. Distribution. Known only to the sampled area, near the Santuário cave (20º 25’ 8.640” S; 45º 46’ 21.790” W), Pains municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the specimen's association with soil interstitials. From the Latin “ endogeus ”, endo = within, geus = origin. Diagnosis. Combination of the following characteristics: pseudepiphallic paramere 1 oval shaped, sclerotized with proximal region (connected to ectophallic projection) concave (Ps.P1, Fig. 73); paramere 2 lightly curved and uniformly sharpened (Ps.P2, Figs 75 and 76); ectophallic projection strongly sclerotized and dilated in its proximal region (connected to Ps.P1) (Ec.Pr, Fig. 73); ectophallic fold well sclerotized and C-shaped, lateral edges facing horizontally forward (in ventral view) (Ec.F, Fig. 73); endophallus less sclerotized, circular and vertically elongated (similar to A. cruscastaneus) (End.Sc, Fig. 73). Description, male holotype. Similar to A. ferratilis n. sp. with the following differences: body dark brown, with very darkened regions and head dark orange, possibly there was less discoloration in this species, because a priori it was collected in formalin, later fixed in ethanol 70% (Figs 77–84); occiput region is slightly darkened behind the eyes (Figs 77 and 78), compound eyes less unpigmented in upper region near the scape insertion (Figs 77 and 78); pronotum darkened, with a vertical band slightly whitish, without horizontal band (Fig. 79); tergites darkened (Fig. 80). Right tegmen: dark brown, very sclerotic, covering the first six abdominal tergites (Fig. 80). Lateral field (in lateral view, Fig. 89): subcostal (SC) and radial (R) veins with poorly marked irregular veins, medial (M) and radial (R) veins connected to each other by poorly marked irregular veins. Field (in ventral view, Fig. 88): harp with a median-longitudinal vein (L) fusing the first proximal cross vein (Hcv), with reticular veins in the first three distal cells; mirror with a narrower proximal part of triangular shape and reticular veins in all cells, one crossed vein (Mcv), broken distal and proximal portion; subgenital plate extremely darkened, elongated, pubescent in all marginal extension, rounded at apex (Figs 82 and 83); subgenital plate extremely darkened (Figs 35–37); stridulatory file with 81 teeth. Observations in Paratypes. Male phallic sclerites: similar to A. similis Zefa & Corrêa 2018, with the following differences: Pseudepiphallic: pseudepiphallic median lophy narrow claviform, developed and acuminate at apex (Ps.m.l, Figs 72, 74–76); parameres 1 and 2 connected, forming a lenticular structure, paramere 1 with more uniform sclerotization, with a more concave proximal region (connected to the ectophallic projection), paramere 2 is more sclerotized and more straight vertically (Figs 74–76); rami broken, well sclerotized in base and apparently similar to A. similis (R, Figs 72 and 73). Ectophallic invagination: apex of the ectophallic apodeme broken, medial portion well sclerotized, apparently similar to A. similis (Ect.Ap, Figs 72 and 73); posterior projections well sclerotized, lenticular shape, apex rounded at tip, membranous and dilated (Ec.Pr. Figs 73, 74 and 76); ectophallic fold well sclerotized, U-shaped, upper extremities more elongated than A. similis (Ec.F, Fig. 73). Endophallus: rectangularshaped rounded and vertically elongated, but narrow and elongated than A. cruscastaneus (End. Sc, Fig. 73). Female (Figs 90–96, ISLA 66156). Body of same coloration to holotype, head more dark orange than males (Fig. 90), body size bigger than the holotype (9.272 mm); small wings triangular-shaped (Fig. 90); supra-anal plate darkened, trapezoidal-shaped, with two small lateral projections, rounded at apex, with long apical bristles (Figs 92 and 93); subgenital plate darkened, short, V-shaped (Figs 91 and 92); ovipositor well sclerotized, elongated and thin (3.970 mm), size proportional to tibia III, sword format at apex (Figs 90–92 and 94–96). Copulatory Papilla. lost during clarification procedure in potassium hydroxide (KOH). Ecological Remarks Specimens of Adelosgryllus endogeus n. sp. were found in Pains municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The individuals were sampled by a set of subterranean traps buried in the soil, installed to collect surface subterranean fauna. These traps consist of plastic pots interconnected by a central rod (Fig. 100) and introduced into PVC pipes with perforations every 10 cm. Each set of perforations in the pipes allow only the organisms from each stratum to fall into each pot, as each pot is internally coupled to the pipe in order to prevent access to the other levels. At each sampling point, three sets of traps were installed (Fig. 99), totaling thirty collection pots per point (three pots at each level, starting at 5 cm and along the area, always in places close to cave entrances. The traps were inspected monthly, when the contents (4% formalin containing the collected invertebrates) were removed and replaced. Along the 12 months of the project, 2,160 samples of different depth were obtained. Even with this sampling effort, only two specimens of A. endogeus n. sp. were collected, both at the same point (Figs 97 and 98). The holotype (male) was the first to be collected, between April and May 2021. As the traps remained in the field for about a month, it is not possible to determine the exact date of collection. The female was sampled in the next interval, in the exact location of the male. Both specimens were trapped at 45 cm deep in the soil (Figs 101 and 102). It is interesting noting that although many caves in the area have been sampled along the last is important karstic province years, specimens of A. endogeus n. sp. were never observed, thus suggesting that they might be preferably associated to soil interstitials. The reduced size of this species (which is smaller than all the congeners) corroborate this hypothesis, although it is also important to conduct samplings in other epigean substrates in the area in order to determine the distribution of this species.

Adelosgryllus xambioa n. sp. (Figures 25–29, 30–37, 38–40, 41–42, 43–45, Table 1) Material examined. Holotype ♂, code ISLA 66153, Brazil, Tocantins state, Xambioá municipality, Explosão cave (6º 25’ 19.301” S; 48º 24’ 34.880” w), 22.ii.2018, Ferreira R.L. leg. Holotype condition: right tegmen and legs detached, and maintained in holotype tube. Distribution. Known only to Explosão cave (6º 25’ 19.301” S; 48º 24’ 34.880” W) municipality of Xambioá, Tocantins state, Brazil. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the municipality of Xambioá, Tocantins state, where the species was found. Diagnosis. Combination of the following characteristics: superior inner base of paramere 1 more rounded (Ps.P1, Figs 26 and 28) (compared to A. lucifugus and A. ferratilis n. sp.), inner basal margin from paramere 1 with dilatation more pronounced (ventral, diagonal and front view) (Ps.P1.p, Figs 25, 28 and 29) (compared to A. lucifugus and A. ferratilis n. sp.); paramere 2 slightly dilated toward paramere 1 (dorsal view) (Ps.P2, Fig. 25); rami elongated and poorly sclerotized (R, Figs 25, 27 and 29); ectophallic fold poorly sclerotized, lateral border slightly towards outside (Ec.F, Fig. 26); endophallic sclerite underdeveloped (End.Sc, Fig. 26). Description, male holotype. Similar to A. ferratilis n. sp. with the following differences: body dark brown with head orange (in vivo) (Fig. 45) (body pale dark brown and head pale yellow after fixation in ethanol 70%) (Figs 30–37); compound eyes were depigmented due to ethanol fixation (comparation between figs 30 and 45, same individual); pronotum pale dark brown, poorly marked with a whitish vertical and without horizontal median band, two small symmetrical diagonal white spots near the distal portion (Fig. 32); Right tegmen: less sclerotized, covering the first five abdominal tergites (Fig. 33). Lateral field (in lateral view, Figs 33 and 42): diagonal vein (DV), subcostal (SC) and radial (R) with poorly marked irregular veins. Field (in ventral view, Fig. 41): harp with a median-longitudinal vein (L) more toward out, and four crossed veins (Hcv), the first forms a small cell, below curbital 2 (Cu2); mirror with a narrower proximal part of triangular shape, with two crossed veins (Mcv), unbranched; subgenital and supra-anal plates dark brown, shapes changed after fixation in ethanol (Figs 35–37); stridulatory file with 94 teeth. Observations in holotype phallic sclerites: Similar to A. ferratilis n. sp. with the following differences: phallic complex less sclerotized (Figs 25–29). Pseudepiphallic: superior inner base of paramere 1 more rounded (ventral view) (Ps.P1, Fig 26), inner basal margin from paramere 1 with a dilatation more pronounced (ventral, diagonal and front view) (Ps.P1.p, Figs 25, 28 and 29); paramere 2 slightly dilated toward paramere 1 (dorsal view) (Ps.P2, Fig. 25); rami poorly sclerotized (R, Figs 25, 27 and 29). Ectophallic invagination: posterior projections poorly sclerotized and quadrangular-shaped (similar to A. lucifugus) (Ec.Pr, Fig. 26); ectophallic fold poorly sclerotized, lateral border slightly towards outside (Ec.F, Fig. 26). Endophallus: endophallic sclerite underdeveloped (End.Sc, Fig. 26). Ecological Remarks The single observed specimen of Adelosgryllus xambioa n. sp. was found in the Explosão cave, which is a marble cave with 1203 meters of horizontal projection. A quarry that used to remove marble from the outcrop led to the collapse of the main cave entrance. Therefore, in order to access the cave, one should enter through a small opening located at the base of the outcrop, leading to a very narrow passage (Fig. 43). The floor along most part of the cave is covered with sediments (Fig. 44), although a few fallen blocks are also present. The organic resources in the cave are especially bat guano produced by several bat species although deposits produced by hematophagous bats are the most common. Additionally, vegetal debris transported by water during strong rains also occur in some areas. The cave is devoid of any regular water flow, but several areas can be partially flooded during the rainy period. The single collected specimen was observed freely walking on the cave floor (Fig. 45), close to a guano pile. It is important to mention that the cave was not entirely surveyed during our sampling, since a flashflood occurred forcing the team to quickly leave the cave. Accordingly, there is no information regarding the size of the species’ population and its density inside the cave. The region presents a climate Aw5 (according to the Köppen classification system), with an average annual precipitation of 1558 mm and an average annual temperature of 26.3ºC. The external area is altered, especially due to the removal of the natural vegetation and its replacement by Eucalyptus plantations. However, secondary forest surrounds the outcrop where the cave is located. As for the other species herein described, the epigean environments surrounding the cave were not sampled, so it is currently impossible to determine the habitat preference for this species. It is important to mention that despite the fact that the species was only found inside a cave, it does not exhibit any troglomorphic traits, thus not being a cave-restricted species. Since the external area was not sample, it is likely that the species’ distribution is much wider than currently known.

Adelosgryllus megapterus n. sp. (Figures 46–51, 52–59, 60–62, 63–64, 65–71, Table 3) Material examined. Holotype ♂, code ISLA 66157, Brazil, Minas Gerais state, Conceição do Mato Dentro municipality, Resgate cave (18º 55’ 41.593” S; 43º 25’ 10.146” W), 12.iv.2018, CARSTE leg. Holotype condition: right tegmen and legs detached, and maintained in holotype’s tube. Paratypes, 3 ♂♂ (ISLA 64193, ISLA 64208 and ISLA 64206) and 1♀♀ (ISLA 64165), ISLA 64193 and 64206 same data of holotype, ISLA 64208 and 64165 collected in 05.v.2018, all specimens collected in same locality of holotype. Distribution. Known only to Resgate cave (18º 55’ 41.593” S; 43º 25’ 10.146” W), Conceição do Mato Dentro municipality, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the presence and size from second pair membranous wings present in some adult males of this species, from the Latin “ megapterus ”, mega = large, pterus = wing. Diagnosis. Combination of the following characteristics: superior inner base of paramere 1 quadrangular-shaped with slight bulging (ventral view) (Ps.P1, Fig. 47); paramere 2 slightly inclined towards pseudepiphallic median projection (dorsal view) (Ps.P2, Fig. 46); rami dilated, acuminate apex and poorly sclerotized (very similar to A. spurius) (R, Figs 47, 48 and 50); pseudepiphallic posterior projections poorly sclerotized, quadrangular-shaped, a little less developed compared to A. lucifugus and A. xambioa n. sp. (Ec.Pr, Fig. 50); ectophallic fold well sclerotized, lateral border slightly directed outward (Ec.F, Fig. 47); endophallus slightly less sclerotized (when compared to A. ferratilis n. sp.), circular-shaped and vertically elongated (similar to A. ferratilis n. sp.) (End.Sc, Fig. 47). Description, male holotype. Similar to A. ferratilis n. sp. with the following differences: body dark brown and head slightly orange, possibly discoloration occurred after fixation in ethanol 70% (Figs 52 and 53); compound eyes with a depigmented well pronounced upper region near the scape insertion (Fig. 52), vestigial ocelli; pronotum dark brown, well darkened and pubescent, marked with a whitish vertical band and a slight horizontal band, absence white spots (Fig. 54); Right tegmen: well sclerotized, covering the first four or five abdominal tergites (Fig. 55). Lateral field (in lateral view, Figs 55 and 64): diagonal (DV) and subcostal (SC) veins well marked, connected to each other by poorly marked irregular veins; radial (R) vein with five branches towards outside; medial (M) and radial (R) veins connected to each other by well-marked irregular veins. Field (in ventral view, Fig. 63): harp with reticular veins in the first three distal cells; mirror with reticular veins in all cells, with a narrower proximal part of triangular shape (similar to A. xambioa n. sp.); second pair membranous wings developed occur below the tegmina (Figs 55 and 56); subgenital plate darker and acuminate at apex (Fig. 57); supra-anal plate darker (Figs 58 and 59); stridulatory file with 102 teeth. Observations in Paratypes. Male phallic sclerites: Similar to A. ferratilis n. sp. with the following differences: phallic complex less sclerotized, but more sclerotized than A. xambioa n. sp. (Figs 46–50); Pseudepiphallic: superior inner base of paramere 1 quadrangular-shaped with slight bulging (ventral view) (Ps.P1, Fig. 47); paramere 2 slightly inclined towards pseudepiphallic median projection (dorsal view) (Ps.P2, Fig. 46); rami dilated, acuminate apex and poorly sclerotized (very similar to A. spurius) (R, Figs 47, 48 and 50); Ectophallic invagination: posterior projections poorly sclerotized, quadrangular-shaped, a little less developed compared to A. lucifugus and A. xambioa n. sp. (Ec.Pr, Fig. 50); ectophallic fold well sclerotized, lateral border slightly towards outside (Ec.F, Fig. 47). Endophallus: endophallic sclerite slightly less sclerotized (End.Sc, Fig. 26). Female (Figs 65–71, ISLA 64165). Same coloration as holotype (Fig. 65), body size bigger than the holotype (11.382 mm); small wings triangular-shaped (Fig. 65); supra-anal plate darkened and with white spots, trapezoidalshaped, with two small lateral projections, rounded at apex, with long apical bristles (Figs 67 and 68); subgenital plate light brown, short, V-shaped (Figs 66 and 67); ovipositor elongated and thin (5.255 mm), size proportional to tibia III, sword format at apex (Figs 65–67 and 69–71). Copulatory Papilla (Fig. 51: a, b and c, ISLA 64165): well sclerotized, circular-shaped (similar to A. lucifugus), with an extensive opening, in the half moon shape, reaching more than 2/3 of the structure in dorsal view (Fig. 51c); lateral face sclerotized (similar to A. lucifugus) (Fig. 51b), apex slightly concave, with a ventral indentation followed by a less sclerotized region (in white), base with a large membranous opening half moon shape in ventral view (Fig. 51a). Ecological Remarks Since the specimens of Adelosgryllus megapterus n. sp. were not collected by any of the authors of this study, there is no information regarding its habitat preferences. However, as for other species herein described, despite the fact that the species was only found inside a cave, it does not exhibit any troglomorphic traits, thus not being a caverestricted species. Accordingly, it is likely that the species’ distribution is much wider than currently known., Published as part of Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant'Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira & Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, 2022, Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats, pp. 83-109 in Zootaxa 5133 (1) on pages 94-95, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6521377

Adelosgryllus xambioa n. sp. (Figures 25–29, 30–37, 38–40, 41–42, 43–45, Table 1) Material examined. Holotype ♂, code ISLA 66153, Brazil, Tocantins state, Xambioá municipality, Explosão cave (6º 25’ 19.301” S; 48º 24’ 34.880” w), 22.ii.2018, Ferreira R.L. leg. Holotype condition: right tegmen and legs detached, and maintained in holotype tube. Distribution. Known only to Explosão cave (6º 25’ 19.301” S; 48º 24’ 34.880” W) municipality of Xambioá, Tocantins state, Brazil. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the municipality of Xambioá, Tocantins state, where the species was found. Diagnosis. Combination of the following characteristics: superior inner base of paramere 1 more rounded (Ps.P1, Figs 26 and 28) (compared to A. lucifugus and A. ferratilis n. sp.), inner basal margin from paramere 1 with dilatation more pronounced (ventral, diagonal and front view) (Ps.P1.p, Figs 25, 28 and 29) (compared to A. lucifugus and A. ferratilis n. sp.); paramere 2 slightly dilated toward paramere 1 (dorsal view) (Ps.P2, Fig. 25); rami elongated and poorly sclerotized (R, Figs 25, 27 and 29); ectophallic fold poorly sclerotized, lateral border slightly towards outside (Ec.F, Fig. 26); endophallic sclerite underdeveloped (End.Sc, Fig. 26). Description, male holotype. Similar to A. ferratilis n. sp. with the following differences: body dark brown with head orange (in vivo) (Fig. 45) (body pale dark brown and head pale yellow after fixation in ethanol 70%) (Figs 30–37); compound eyes were depigmented due to ethanol fixation (comparation between figs 30 and 45, same individual); pronotum pale dark brown, poorly marked with a whitish vertical and without horizontal median band, two small symmetrical diagonal white spots near the distal portion (Fig. 32); Right tegmen: less sclerotized, covering the first five abdominal tergites (Fig. 33). Lateral field (in lateral view, Figs 33 and 42): diagonal vein (DV), subcostal (SC) and radial (R) with poorly marked irregular veins. Field (in ventral view, Fig. 41): harp with a median-longitudinal vein (L) more toward out, and four crossed veins (Hcv), the first forms a small cell, below curbital 2 (Cu2); mirror with a narrower proximal part of triangular shape, with two crossed veins (Mcv), unbranched; subgenital and supra-anal plates dark brown, shapes changed after fixation in ethanol (Figs 35–37); stridulatory file with 94 teeth. Observations in holotype phallic sclerites: Similar to A. ferratilis n. sp. with the following differences: phallic complex less sclerotized (Figs 25–29). Pseudepiphallic: superior inner base of paramere 1 more rounded (ventral view) (Ps.P1, Fig 26), inner basal margin from paramere 1 with a dilatation more pronounced (ventral, diagonal and front view) (Ps.P1.p, Figs 25, 28 and 29); paramere 2 slightly dilated toward paramere 1 (dorsal view) (Ps.P2, Fig. 25); rami poorly sclerotized (R, Figs 25, 27 and 29). Ectophallic invagination: posterior projections poorly sclerotized and quadrangular-shaped (similar to A. lucifugus) (Ec.Pr, Fig. 26); ectophallic fold poorly sclerotized, lateral border slightly towards outside (Ec.F, Fig. 26). Endophallus: endophallic sclerite underdeveloped (End.Sc, Fig. 26). Ecological Remarks The single observed specimen of Adelosgryllus xambioa n. sp. was found in the Explosão cave, which is a marble cave with 1203 meters of horizontal projection. A quarry that used to remove marble from the outcrop led to the collapse of the main cave entrance. Therefore, in order to access the cave, one should enter through a small opening located at the base of the outcrop, leading to a very narrow passage (Fig. 43). The floor along most part of the cave is covered with sediments (Fig. 44), although a few fallen blocks are also present. The organic resources in the cave are especially bat guano produced by several bat species although deposits produced by hematophagous bats are the most common. Additionally, vegetal debris transported by water during strong rains also occur in some areas. The cave is devoid of any regular water flow, but several areas can be partially flooded during the rainy period. The single collected specimen was observed freely walking on the cave floor (Fig. 45), close to a guano pile. It is important to mention that the cave was not entirely surveyed during our sampling, since a flashflood occurred forcing the team to quickly leave the cave. Accordingly, there is no information regarding the size of the species’ population and its density inside the cave. The region presents a climate Aw5 (according to the Köppen classification system), with an average annual precipitation of 1558 mm and an average annual temperature of 26.3ºC. The external area is altered, especially due to the removal of the natural vegetation and its replacement by Eucalyptus plantations. However, secondary forest surrounds the outcrop where the cave is located. As for the other species herein described, the epigean environments surrounding the cave were not sampled, so it is currently impossible to determine the habitat preference for this species. It is important to mention that despite the fact that the species was only found inside a cave, it does not exhibit any troglomorphic traits, thus not being a cave-restricted species. Since the external area was not sample, it is likely that the species’ distribution is much wider than currently known., Published as part of Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant'Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira & Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, 2022, Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats, pp. 83-109 in Zootaxa 5133 (1) on pages 90-93, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6521377

Adelosgryllus ferratilis n. sp. (Figures 2–6, 7–14, 15–17, 18–19, 20-24, Table 2) Material examined. Holotype ♂, code ISLA 66166, Brazil, Pará state, municipality of Curionópolis, SL-110 cave (5º 57’ 32.351” S; 49º 37’ 49.592” W), 16.i.2012, CARSTE leg. Holotype condition: right tegmen and legs were detached, and maintained in holotype’s tube. Paratypes, 1 ♂, 03.xi.2012 ( ISLA 66154), CARSTE leg. SL-94 cave (5º 57’ 6.291” S; 49º 37’ 56.475” W) and 1 ♂, 16.i.2012 (ISLA 66165), CARSTE leg. SL-109 (5º 57’ 32.350” S; 49º 37’ 49.591” W), all specimens collected in same municipality of holotype. Distribution. Known for six caves: SL-79 (05º 57’ 53.438” S; 49º 38’ 19.786” W) (photographic register), SL-82 (05º 57’ 30.961” S; 49º 38’ 14.866” W) (photographic register), SL-94 (5º 57’ 6.291” S; 49º 37’ 56.475” W), SL-109 (5º 57’ 32.350” S; 49º 37’ 49.591” W), SL-110 (5º 57’ 32.351” S; 49º 37’ 49.592” W) and SL-121 (05º 55’ 44.369” S; 49º 40’ 30.007” W (photographic register) (Fig. 1, dark stars), well sampled only on SL-94, SL-109 and SL-110, all localities distributed in the municipality of Curionópolis, Pará state, Brazil. Etymology. The specific epithet ferratilis refers to the presence of this species in iron caves. Diagnosis. Combination of the following characteristics: paramere 1 well developed, C-shaped (very similar to A. spurius and A. lucifugus), inner basal margin acuminated, apex dilated and curved inward (Ps.P1.p, Figs 2–6); rami elongated (very similar to A. spurius and A. lucifugus), narrow and well sclerotized slightly curved inside and apex triangular shaped (R, Figs 2, 3, 4 and 6); ectophallic fold well sclerotized, with the lateral border directed outward, central part slightly convex at apex and linear shaped bottom borders (Ec.F, Fig. 3); endophallus circularshaped and vertically elongated, with short ventral crest (End.Sc), similar to A. lucifugus, but more sclerotized and slightly developed (End.Sc), connected to ectophallic fold by an inverted V-shaped membrane (End.Sc, Figs 3 and 5). Description, male holotype. General Coloration. Body light brown and head slightly yellowish, possibly discoloration occurred after fixation in ethanol 70% (Fig. 7—14); Head. slightly pubescent with long bristles between the scapes (Fig. 7), around the eyes and on the posterior and occiput margins of the head almost no bristles are evident (apparently lost after fixation in ethanol 70%), occiput region slightly darkened behind the eyes (Fig. 8); Eyes. compound eyes black and with depigmented upper region near the scape insertion (Fig. 8); ocelli absent (Fig. 7); Mouthparts. clypeus and labrum whitish, mandibles dark outline (Figs 7 and 8); maxillary and labial palps yellowish and whitish brown between the articulations (Figs 7 and 8, picture shows only the first three); maxillary palp slightly pubescent, elongated, with five articulations; first and second palpomeres similar in size and shorter than the others; third and fourth similar in size and shorter than fifth; fifth palpomere longest of all, claviform shape, dilated in distal portion (Figs 7 and 8, picture shows only the first three); labial palps less pubescent than maxillary palps, with three articulations of increasing size, third palpomere claviform shape (Figs 7 and 8); Antennae. scape pubescent, dorsal portion whitish brown and with some slightly darkened spots, oval and dilated shape, inner distal portion with long bristles (Fig. 7); pedicel dark brown with whitish regions on outer face, narrow, cylindrical and slightly compressed on median portion; antennomeres with dark brown base and whitish distal region, slightly pubescent, twice as short than pedicel (Figs 7 and 8). Thorax. pronotum pubescent with few long bristles on the edges (with lost bristles after fixation in ethanol 70%), darkened brown towards the extremities and whitish in the medial portion, marked with a whitish vertical and horizontal median band, and two small symmetrical white spots near the proximal portion, dorsal disc wider than long, lateral lobe rounded (Fig. 9). Legs. Leg I: femur proximal part whitish becoming brownish distally, tibia brownish and with two subequal apical spurs, tibia with an oval auditory tympanum at inner side, first tarsomere twice as large than second and third together, second tarsomere with one quarter of the third tarsomere length, all tarsomeres brownish between the articulations, pre-tarso broken (Fig. 17). Leg II: similar to leg I, with tibial apical spurs longer than leg I. Leg III: same appearance as legs I and II, femur developed, whitish towards proximal region, articulation between femur and tibia with a reddish-brown color with black spots at basilateral inner and outer regions, distal portion brownish; tibia slightly brownish, with three inner (SS Int., Fig. 16) and three outer subapical spurs (SS Ext., Fig. 15), and four inner (d, e, f, and g, Fig. 16) and three outer apical spurs (a, b, and c, Fig. 15), first tarsomere developed with two apical spurs, inner slightly bigger than outer (Figs 15 and 16). Right tegmen. Light brown, covering the first four abdominal tergites (Figs 10 and 11). Lateral field (in lateral view, Figs 10 and 19): diagonal vein (DV) poorly marked in its distal region; subcostal vein (SC) well marked, reaching a third of the lateral field, with one branch on the lateral margin, the branch connects with R vein in the medial region of the wing length; subcostal (SC), radial (R) and medial (M) veins parallelly distributed in the lateral field; R with a median branch, curved to the distal direction of the wing; between the parallel veins M and R can be seen some cross-vein poorly marked (three or more); Field (in ventral view, Fig. 18): anal area, chordal area, harp area and the mirror area well developed; anal region with veins anal 1 (1A), anal 2 (2A) and anal 3 (3A) poorly marked, 1A more narrow than 2A and 3A; chordal area with veins 1A, 2A and curbital 2 (Cu2) well marked; Cu2* modified in stridulatory file; harp with a median-longitudinal vein (L), and three crossed veins (Hcv), forming four well demarked cells, connecting Cu2* towards the lateral field, the first two external veins crossing L; mirror triangular oval, with one crossed vein (Mcv) connected to a distal cross vein in the opposite orientation, Mcv with a poorly marked vertical upper branch, one cell distal is present below the Cu2; stridulatory file with 92 teeth. Abdomen. tergites pubescent, light brown and slightly darkened dorsally (Figs 10 and 11); sternites pubescent, slightly whiter than the tergites and with a pattern of dark spots above the light brown spot in the most central region of each sternite (Fig. 10); subgenital plate pubescent, light brown and slightly darkened towards the side edges, distal and side margin with long bristles, quadrangular shape, distal central region with a slightly indentation (Fig. 12); supra-anal plate pubescent, darkened throughout the structure than subgenital plate, trapezoidal shaped, with small lateral projections, distal portion rounded and with long bristles (Fig. 14); cerci light brown and whitish at the base (Fig. 13). Observations in Paratypes. Male phallic sclerites (paratype ISLA 66165, Figs 2–6) Pseudepiphallic: pseudepiphallic median lophy claviform and thin, apex rounded and slightly curved inward, with bristles (Ps.m.l, Figs 2, 4, 5 and 6); paramere 1 well developed, C-shaped (very similar to A. spurius and A. lucifugus), inner basal margin acuminated, apex dilated and curved inward (Ps.P1.p, Figs 2–6); paramere 2 connected to paramere 1 by membranous tissue, slightly more bulging and sclerotized than A. spurius and A. lucifugus (Ps.P2, Figs 5 and 6); rami elongated (very similar to A. spurius and A. lucifugus), narrow and well sclerotized slightly curved inside and triangular shaped at the tip (R, Figs 2, 3, 4 and 6). Ectophallic invagination: ectophallic sclerite H-shaped shortened (similar to A. spurius and A. lucifugus) (Figs 2 and 3), apex of posterior projections quadrangular-shaped in ventral view, dilated and well sclerotized, following the shape of the internal basal margin of pseudepiphallic paramere and connected to the Ps.P1 by membranous tissue (Ec.Pr, Figs 2–4 and 6); ectophallic arc slightly longer and wider than A. spurius and A. lucifugus (Ec.Arc, Figs 2 and 3); ectophallic fold well sclerotized, with the lateral border towards outside, central part slightly convex at the top and linear shaped bottom borders (Ec.F, Fig. 3). Endophallus: circular-shaped and vertically elongated, with a short ventral crest (End.Sc), similar to A. lucifugus, but more sclerotized and slightly developed (End.Sc), connected to the ectophallic fold by an inverted V-shaped membrane (End.Sc, Fig. 3 and 5). Ecological Remarks Specimens of Adelosgryllus ferratilis n. sp. were found in Curionópolis municipality, Pará state, Brazil. The caves where specimens were observed are located in an area regionally known as “Serra Leste”. This area presents several iron-ore caves, but also some quartzite caves. The species was observed in several caves in the area, especially those ferruginous. Such caves are usually small (few dozens of meters) and several cavities only comprises rock shelters, without aphotic areas. The main organic resources observed in those caves is the bat guano and vegetable organic debris, deposited by wind or water. Although the area was originally covered by a tropical rainforest (Amazon rainforest), it is currently highly impacted, by both the replacement of the forests by pastures and by mining activities. The populations of A. ferratilis n. sp. are usually small inside the caves, so that the species may use the caves only sporadically. However, since the external environments were not sampled, it is currently impossible to establish the actual distribution of this species (Figs 20–24)., Published as part of Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant'Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira & Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, 2022, Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats, pp. 83-109 in Zootaxa 5133 (1) on pages 86-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5133.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/6521377

Adelosgryllus lucifugus n. sp. (Figures 2���7, 8���15, 16���18, Table 1) Material examined. Holotype ��, code ISLA 66149, Brazil, Piau�� state, Piripiri municipality, Morcego cave (04�� 25��� 44.056������ S; 41�� 40��� 14.044��� W), 21.i.2019, Ferreira R. L. leg. Holotype condition: right tegmen and legs de-tached, kept in the holotype tube. Paratypes, 6 ���� (ISLA 66144, 66146, 66147, 66150, 66151, 66152) and 2 ♀♀ (ISLA 66145* and 66148), (* = nymph stage), same data and locality of holotype; 2 ���� (ISLA 66162 and 66164) and 1 ♀♀ (ISLA 66163), On��a Morta cave (04�� 05��� 12.314������ S; 41�� 41��� 25.034��� W), Piracuruca municipality, Piau�� state, Brazil. Distribution. Known for two caves, the Morcego cave (04�� 25��� 44.056������ S; 41�� 40��� 14.044��� W���Piripiri mu-nicipality), and the On��a Morta cave (04�� 05��� 12.314������ S; 41�� 41��� 25.034��� W���Piracuruca municipality), associated with the speleological unit of Canind�� (Fig. 1). Etymology. The specific epithet ���lucifugus��� refers to the evasive behavior of the specimens in the presence of light. From the Latin luci = light, fugus = escape. Diagnosis. Combination of the following characters: pseudepiphallic paramere 1 well developed, C-shaped, very similar to A. spurius, but in this new specie the Ps.P1 parameres are far from each other and flattened horizontally (Figs 2 and 3), apex dilated and curved inward (Ps.P1.p, Figs 2���5); ectophallic fold sclerotized, linear-shaped, with the lateral border more sclerotized than that interior base, central part slightly convex at the top and bottom borders (Ec.F, Fig. 3); endophallus circular-shaped and vertically elongated, forming a short ventral crest (End.Sc), connected to the ectophallic fold by an inverted U-shaped membrane (End.Sc, Fig. 3). Description, male holotype. General Coloration. Body dark brown with orange head (in vivo) (head pale yellow after fixation in ethanol 70%) (Figs 8���15); Head. slightly pubescent and with long bristles between scapes (Fig. 8), few of them are present around the eyes and at the posterior margin and occiput of the head (apparently many were lost after fixation), occiput region is slightly darkened behind the eyes (Fig. 9); Eyes. compound eyes with black ommatidia rounded by a margin of depigmented ommatidia, and a superior region more depigmented near the scape insertion (Fig. 9); vestigial ocelli (Fig. 8); Mouthparts. clypeus and labrum whitish, mandibles dark outlined (Figs 8 and 9); maxillary and labial palps lightly darkened between articulations, with distal region outlined in white (maxillary palp) and whitish (labial palp) (Figs 8 and 9); maxillary palp slightly pubescent, elongated, with five articulations; the first and second palpomeres of same size and shorter than the others; the third and fourth of same sized and bigger than the first two; fifth palpomere is longer than the third and fourth, claviform, dilated in distal portion (Figs 8 and 9); labial palps with three articulations of increasing size, third palpomere claviform (Figs 8 and 9); Antennae. scape pubescent, whitish brown coloration, oval shaped and dilated, with long bristles on interior distal portion; pedicel whitish black, narrow, cylindrical and slightly compressed on median portion; antennomeres lightly pubescent, twice shorter than the pedicel; antennomeres with darkened base, distal region slightly whitish, darkened flagel with a median white band. Thorax. pronotum pubescent, darkened brown, marked with a vertical median white stripe; dorsal disc wider than long, lateral lobe rounded, with long bristles at the posterior margin (Fig. 10). Legs. Leg I: femur whitish at the proximal part becoming darkened distally; tibia darkened and with two subequal apical spurs, oval tympanum present at the internal proximal face; first tarsomere twice bigger than the second and third together, second tarsomere with one quarter of the third tarsomere length, all tarsomeres darkened between the articulations (Fig. 18). Leg II: similar to leg I, with tibial apical spurs longer than in leg I, tympanum absent. Leg III: similar to leg I and II, however, the femur is developed, proximal and median region whitish, with reddish-brown coloration at the articulation between femur and tibia, with black spots at basilateral inner and outer regions, distal portion darkened; tibia darkened, with three inner (S.S. Int., Fig. 17) and three outer subapical spurs (S.S. Ext., Fig. 16), and four inner (d, e, f and g, Fig. 17) and three outer apical spurs (a, b and c, Fig. 16), first tarsomere developed with two apical spurs, the inner slightly bigger than the outer (Figs 16 and 17), tarsomeres II and III broken. Right tegmen. Darkened brown, covering the first four abdominal tergites (Fig. 11). Lateral field (in lateral view) with a diagonal vein (DV) poorly marked in its distal portion and with two little ramifications at the lateral margin of the wing extending parallelly to the subcostal vein (Sc) reaching one-third of the length of the lateral field; subcostal (Sc), radial (R) and medial (M) veins parallelly distributed in the lateral field; Sc with a ramification well marked at the lateral margin with a cross-vein well marked connecting with R at the middle of the wing; R with a small cell undeveloped right after the cross-vein with Sc, two little reticulated veins poorly marked can be observed at subapical region; between the parallel veins M and R can be seen some cross-vein poorly marked (four or more); Field (in ventral view, Fig. 19): anal area, chordal area, harp area and the mirror area well developed; anal region with veins anal 1 (1A), anal 2 (2A) and anal 3 (3A) poorly demarked; chordal area with veins 1A, 2A poorly marked and cubital 2 (Cu2) well marked; Cu2* modified in stridulatory file; harp with a median-longitudinal vein (L), and three crossed veins (Hcv), two connecting Cu2 to Cu1 towards the lateral field, and one connecting Cu2 to Cu1 at the dorsal proximal portion, forming five cells well marked, the cell above the mirror presents five reticular veins; mirror triangular oval, with a crossed vein (Mcv) well marked at the center and one poorly marked vein at distal region, forming three cells, proximal cell with four reticular veins; stridulatory file with 100 teeth. Abdomen. tergites pubescent, darkened brown (Figs 14 and 11); sternites pubescent, slightly whiter than the tergites (Fig. 11); subgenital plate darkened, pubescent, quadrangular shape, distal and lateral margins with long bristles, distal central region with a slightly indentation (Fig. 13); supra-anal plate slightly whitish comparing to the subgenital plate, pubescent, trapezoidal shaped, with small lateral projections, rounded by two white spots at latero-median portion from structure, distal portion rounded and with long bristles (Fig. 15); cerci reddish-brown and whitish at the base, subapical region slightly darkened (Fig. 14). Observations in Paratypes. Male phallic sclerites (paratype ISLA 66144, Figs 2���6) Pseudepiphallus: median projection curved inward, lobular shape, slightly acuminated at the base, slightly sclerotized (Ps.M.Pr, Figs 2, 4 and 6); pseudepiphallic median lophy claviform and thin (compared with A. similis and A. cruscastaneus), acuminated apex with bristles and flattened, (Ps.m.l, Figs 3, 4 and 6); Paramere 1 well developed, C-shaped (very similar A. spurius) apex dilated and curved inward (Ps.P1.p, Figs 2���5); Paramere 2 connected to Paramere 1 by membranous tissue, little protruding and escrerotized in this specie (Ps.P2, Figs 4 and 5); Rami less elongated and sclerotized (compared to A. rubricephalus, A. similis, A. cruscastaneus, A. parasimilis), dilated, curved inside and triangular shaped at the tip (R, Figs 3, 4 and 6). Ectophallic invagination: ectophallic sclerite H-shaped shortened (similar to A. spurius) (Figs 2 and 3), with a apodeme in the distal region (Ec.Ap) weakly sclerotized and slightly dilated to the outer edge of the sclerite (Figs 2 and 3) apex of posterior projections quadrangular-shaped in ventral view, dilated and weakly sclerotized, connected to the pseudepiphallic paramere 1 by membranous tissue (Ec.Pr, Figs 2���4 and 6); ectophallic arc slightly longer as wider (Ec.Arc, Figs 2 and 3); ectophallic fold sclerotized, linear-shaped, with the lateral border more sclerotized than that interior base, central part slightly convex at the top and bottom borders (Ec. F, Fig. 3). Endophallus: circular-shaped and vertically elongated, with a short ventral crest (End.Sc), connected to the ectophallic fold by an inverted U-shaped membrane (End.Sc, Fig. 3). Female (Figs 27���33, ISLA 66148) Body color similar to holotype (Fig. 27), body size bigger than the holotype (13.797 mm); small wings triangular-shaped (Fig. 27); supranal plate more whitish than tergites, trapezoidal-shaped elongated, with small lateral projections, surrounded by two white spots on the latero-median region, apex rounded and with long bristles (Figs 28 and 29); subgenital plate dark, short, V-shaped, apex with a slight concavity (Fig. 28); ovipositor thin and elongated (5.917 mm), proportional to tibia III size, sword format at apex (Figs 31���33). Copulatory Papilla: well sclerotized, circular-shaped, with a large membranous opening area, reaching 2/3 of the structure in dorsal view (Fig. 7a); lateral face sclerotized in all its extension (Fig. 7a, 7b and 7c), apex slightly concave, with a ventral indentation followed by a less sclerotized region (in white), base with a membranous opening of triangular shape in ventral view (Fig. 7c)., Published as part of Merlo, Rayanne Lays Sant'Ana, Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Ant��nio, Junta, Vitor Gabriel Pereira & Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, 2021, The first record of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea Phalangopsidae) from caves, with the description of a new species from Brazil, pp. 136-150 in Zootaxa 4933 (1) on pages 138-143, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4548068

Adelosgryllus similis Zefa & Corr��a n. sp. (Figs 1, 2���36) http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:502586 Type material. Holotype ♂: BRAZIL, CE[ar��], Crato, FLONA do Araripe-Apodi, 7��14'44.42"S, 39��29'47.64"W, 15.i.2013. Code: 01-AMC-PP. Pereira, M.R & Zefa, E. leg. (MZUSP). Holotype condition: genitalia placed in microvial with glycerin, legs I and right tegmen detached, and broken antennae; all parts were maintained in holotype's tube. Paratypes (1♂, 1♀, MZUSP), same data of Holotype: ♂ code: Z6SD00-GRYLLO/ARA/ZEFA; ♀ code: 2NJ30- GRYLLO/ARA/ZEFA. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the morphological similarity with the species Adelosgryllus rubricephalus; from the Latin similis =similar. Diagnosis. Combination of the following characteristics: general morphology of the pseudepiphallic paramere 1 (Figs 20���25); pseudepiphallic sclerite claviform, apex acuminate (Fig. 20, 22); pseudepiphallic arms converging anteriorly (Figs 20, 21, 23). Description. Holotype ♂ (Code 01-AMC-PP, Figs 2���9). Black body with reddish head (yellowish head in alcohol fixation). Head (Figs 5���7): black eyes with depigmented ommatidia next to the scape; vestigial ocelli; frons between scapes with a dark spot; occiput slightly pubescent with a dark spot behind the eyes; clypeus, labrum and mandibles slightly lighter than the other portions of the head; mandibles dark outlined; antenna (Fig. 18): dilated scape with bristles at the apex, and slightly marked with a light spot on the dorsal and ventral portions; pedicel twice as long as first antennomere, with a slightly median constriction; flagellum black with a central white band; maxillary palp elongate with five dark joints, first and second small and subequal in length, third and fourth subequal in length, and fifth claviform, with ventral portion outlined in white; labial palp three-jointed, lighter than maxillary palp, gradual increase in size toward the apex, third claviform, lighter at the apex. Thorax: pronotum uniformly black, slightly pubescent, dorsal disc wider than long, bearing some long bristles, as well as bristles on the anterior and posterior margins, lateral lobe without bristles on the ventral margin (Figs 6, 7). Right tegmen (Fig. 26): lateral field with one diagonal vein (DV) extending parallel to subcostal (Sc) reaching one-sixth of the length of the lateral field; dorsal field with basal, cordal, harp and mirror areas well developed, apical field absent; medial (M), radial (R) and subcostal veins present, with medial vein bordering the lateral and dorsal fields; basal area with veins anal 1 (1A), anal 2 (2A) and anal 3 (3A) weakly marked; cordal area with 1A, 2A and cubital 2 (Cu2) veins; Cu2* modified in stridulatory file, bordering harp and basal area, with 92 teeth; harp with one medium-longitudinal vein (L), and two cross-veins (Hcv), one of them bifurcated; mirror oval, with one cross-vein (Mcv); a poor marked vein inside the larger cell of mirror; median fan (Mf) reduced. Measurements (mm/mm2): dorsal field length, 3.79mm; dorsal field width, 2.15mm; harp area, 2mm 2; mirror area, 1.04mm 2; lateral field length, 3.39mm; lateral field width, 0.92mm; stridulatory file length, 1.36mm and 92 teeth (Figs 2, 4); mesothorax wings absent. Legs I (Figs 10, 13): coxa and trochanter whitish, slightly pubescent, with some black bristles; femur basodorsal portion whitish, becoming darker to the apex; tibia uniformly dark, ellipsoid auditory tympanum present in the inner face with a long and thin bristle beside (Fig. 16, arrow), two subequal apical spurs; three tarsomeres same color as tibia, first 1/3 longer than second and third together, and second 1/5 longer minor than third. Legs II (Figs 11, 14) slightly darker than leg I, with apical spurs longer than leg I, tarsus same as leg I. Legs III (Figs 11, 14): coxa and trochanter whitish; femur III, anterior portion whitish in inner and outer dark in dorsal portion of external face; tibia uniformly dark, not serrulated; tibia with three inner and three outer subapical spurs (Fig. 17, S.S), four inner (Fig. 17, d, e, f, g) and three outer (Fig. 17, a, b, c) apical spurs; tarsus same as legs I and II, but tarsomere I with two apical spurs. Abdomen (Fig. 2-4): tergites dark, sternites lighter than tergites, with slightly anteroposterior darkening, sternite beside to subgenital plate darker (Figs 2���4, 9); cerci slender, reddish brown, with subapical region slightly darkened and whitish apex (Figs 2���4, 19); supranal plate trapezoidal with posterior margin slightly acuminate (Fig. 8); subgenital plate with rounded apex and notched in the median portion (Fig. 9). Phallic sclerites (Figs 20���25): rami at lateral view slightly curved, dilated posteriorly and acuminate anteriorly (Fig. 22, R), connected to pseudepiphallus by membranes; pseudepiphallic arms converging anteriorly, curved inwards to form a weakly sclerotized arch (Figs 20, 22, Ps.M. Pr); pseudepiphallic posterior arms claviform, apex acuminate with bristles (Fig. 20, Ps.A); ectophallic sclerite H-shaped (Fig. 21), with apex of the ectophallic apodeme (Ec.Ap) slightly acuminate and weakly sclerotized, apex of the posterior projections dilated and connected to the pseudepiphallic paramere 1 (Figs 20���25, PsP1); pseudepiphallic paramere 1 well developed and connected to pseudepiphallic paramere 2 (PsP2) small and less sclerotized than PsP1, both forming a lenticular structure (Figs 22���25); ectophallic arch dilated, as long as wide (Fig. 21, Ec.Ar); endophallic sclerite, forming a medio-dorsal crest (Fig. 21, End.Sc), connected to the U-shaped ectophallic fold (Fig. 21, Ec.F). Measurements (mm/mm2): body length, 7.46; pronotum length, 1.21; pronotum width, 1.5; head width, 1.41; interocular distance, 0.8; femur III length, 4; tibia III length, 3.66; auditorium tympanum area, 0.01; supranal plate length, 1.01; supranal plate width, 1.12; subgenital plate length, 0.66; subgenital plate width, 1.16. Remarks on paratypes. Male paratype. A pair of dark spots at vertex; right tegmen lateral field with six poorly marked accessory veins, cordal area without vein 1A, harp with four well marked cross-veins, mirror without the vein inside the larger cell. Measurements (mm/mm2): dorsal field length, 3.75; dorsal field width, 2.08; harp area, 1.99; mirror area, 1.15; lateral field length, 3.27; lateral field width, 0.8; stridulatory file, 1.36 and 96 teeth; body length, 5.87; pronotum length, 1.13; pronotum width, 1.51; head width, 1.38; interocular distance, 0.74; femur III length, 4.06; tibia III length, 3.53; auditory tympanum area, 0.01; supranal plate length, 0.67; supranal plate width, 1.03; subgenital plate length, 0.8; subgenital plate width, 1.02. Female paratype (Figs 27���36). Body shape and color pattern similar to holotype, slightly bigger in length; the subgenital plate was broken, making it impossible to describe its morphology; supranal plate triangular, apex oval (Fig. 30); ovipositor as long as tibia III, apex acuminate (Figs 31, 32). Copulatory papilla (Figs 33���36): pine shaped, base sclerotized, apex translucent with a ventral indentation, followed by a longitudinal ventral groove. Measurements (mm/mm2): body length, 6.8; pronotum length, 1.15; pronotum width, 1.69; head width, 1.47; interocular distance, 0.89; femur III length, 4.58; tibia III length, 3.76; auditory tympanum area, 0.01; tegmen length, 1.32, tegmen width, 0.54; supranal plate length, 0.68; supranal plate width, 1.12; subgenital plate length, 0.62; subgenital plate width, 1.06; ovipositor length, 3.98; copulatory papilla length, 0.36; copulatory papilla width, 0.2., Published as part of Corr��a, Robson Crepes, Pereira, Marcelo Ribeiro, Costa, Maria K��tia Matiotti Da, Szinwelski, Neucir, Martins, Luciano De Pinho & Zefa, Edison, 2018, Two new species of crickets Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae) from the Araripe-Apodi National Forest, State of Cear��, Brazil, pp. 97-112 in Zootaxa 4420 (1) on pages 98-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1247178

Adelosgryllus cruscastaneus Corrêa & Zefa, n. sp. (Figs 37–75) http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:502587 Type material: Holotype ♂, code (01-AMC-PM): Brazil, State of Ceará, municipality of Crato, Araripe-Apodi National Forest (Flona do Araripe-Apodi), 7°14'44.42"S, 39°29'47.64"W, 15.i.2013, Pereira, M.R & Zefa, E. leg. (MZUSP). Holotype condition: leg III separated from the body, and kept in the same holotype’s vial. Paratypes: same data of holotype (3♂ e 11♀), codes: ♂ 7NE53-GRYLLO/ARA/ZEFA, ♂ 02-AMC-PM, ♂ 616C6-GRYLLO/ ARA/ZEFA; ♀ 3TS98-GRYLLO/ARA/ZEFA, ♀ 9BE33-GRYLLO/ARA/ZEFA, ♀ 3V15 M-GRYLLO/ARA/ ZEFA, ♀ 361YQ-GRYLLO/ARA/ZEFA, ♀ 05-AFC-PM, ♀ 03-AFC-PM, ♀ 02-AFC-PM, ♀ 01-AFC-PM, ♀ 04- AFC-PM, ♀ 06-AFC-PM, ♀ 07-AFC-PM), (MZUSP). Etymology: the specific name cruscastaneus is derived from the Latin crus =leg and castaneus =brown, and refers to the light brown color of these cricket’s legs. Diagnosis: combination of the following characteristics: general morphology of the pseudepiphallic paramere 1 (Figs 56–60); pseudepiphallic apex acuminate and curved inward (Figs 56, 58, 60); pseudepiphallic arms do not converging anteriorly (Fig 56); legs I, II and III light brown (Figs 47–52). Description. Holotype ♂ (01-AMC-PM, Figs 37, 39–41, 43–46): similar to A. similis n. sp. with the following differences: vertex with two lateral spots beside eyes, both projected inward (Fig. 42); supranal plate posterior margin slightly rounded (Fig. 45); subgenital plate posterior margin with more pronounced curvature (Fig. 46); legs light brown (Figs 37–38, 47–52); femur III slightly contrasting the whitish basomedial region with the mediodistal light brown (Figs 49, 52). Measurements (mm/mm2): body length, 7.7; pronotum length, 1.19; pronotum width, 1.58; head width, 1.46; interocular distance, 0.82; femur III length, 4.25; tibia III length, 3.8; auditory tympanum area, 0.02; supranal plate length, 0.5; supranal plate width, 1.15; subgenital plate length, 0.99; subgenital plate width, 1.11. Remarks on paratypes. Head spots: paratypes ♀ 02-AFC-PM, ♀ 3TS98-GRYLLO/ARA/ ZEFA; ♂ 02-AMC- PM, ♂ 7NE53-GRYLLO/ARA/ ZEFA showed a pronounced dark spots at the vertex, similar to the holotype (Fig. 43), while nine females and one male did not present the spots (Fig. 65); auditory tympanum morphology and the arrangement of the subapical and apical spurs of the tibia III are similar to A. similis n. sp. (Figs 53–55). Phallic sclerites (Figs 56–60): paratypes 7NE53-GRYLLO/ARA/ ZEFA and 616C6-GRYLLO/ARA/ ZEFA) similar to A. similis n. sp. with the following differences: morphology of the PsP1 according to figures 58–60; pseudepiphallus apex acuminate and curved inward; pseudepiphallic arms do not converge anteriorly (Fig. 56). Rigth tegmen (Fig. 61, paratype 7NE53-GRYLLO/ARA/ ZEFA): the areas of the dorsal and lateral field, as well as their veins, are similar to A. similis n. sp., with the following differences: Harp with three veins; mirror with two cross veins; lateral field with pour marked accessory veins; veins 1A and Cu2 almost touching next to the connection of Cu2 with Hcv; stridulatory file with 103 teeth. Measurements (mm/mm2): dorsal field length, 3.66; dorsal field width, 2.17; harp area, 2,11; mirror area, 1.11; lateral field with four pour marked accessory veins, length, 3.30; lateral field width, 0.76; stridulatory file length, 1.33. Female (Figs 62–75): body shape and color pattern similar to holotype, with the following differences: subgenital plate wider than long and with an U-shaped notch in the apex (Fig. 69); supranal plate triangular with apex rounded (Fig. 68); ovipositor apex acuminate (Figs 70, 71). Copulatory papilla (n = 3): idem to A. similis n. sp. (Figs 72–75). Measurements (mm/mm²): male (n = 4): body length, 7.08±0.42 (6.71–7.7); pronotum length, 1.20±0.05 (1.17–1.28); pronotum width, 1.57±0.08 (1.49–1.67); head width, 1.45±0.04 (1.41–1.51); interocular distance, 0.79±0.03 (0.74–0.82); femur III length, 4.23±0.22 (4.01–4.53); tibia III length, 3.79±0.26 (3.46–4.1); auditory tympanum area, 0.02±0.005 (0.01–0.02); supranal plate length, 0.55±0.09 (0.45–0.64); supranal plate width, 1.07±0.05 (1.04–1.15); subgenital plate length, 0.91±0.08 (0.79–0.99); subgenital plate width, 1.01±0.08 (0.93– 1.11); female (n = 11): body length, 8.66±1.09 (6.77–10.48); pronotum length, 1.48±0,10 (1.3–1.63); pronotum width, 1.84±0.11 (1.59–2.03); head width, 1.62±0.27 (0.81–1.81); interocular distance, 0.97±0.23 (0.84– 1.67); femur III length, 4.68±0.24 (4.14–4.95); tibia III length, 4.11±0.26 (3.64–4.42); auditory tympanum area,0.01±0.004 (0.01–0.02); tegmen length, 1.24±0.20 (0.93–1.65); tegmen width, 0.66±0.08 (0.51–0.8); supranal plate length, 0.71±0.05 (0.65–0.79); supranal plate width, 1.25±0.13 (1.11–1.52); subgenital plate length, 0.56±0.05 (0.47–0.63); subgenital plate width, 0,92±0,12 (0.78–1.14); ovipositor length, 4.12±0.33 (3.44–4.41); copulatory papilla length, 0.35±0.04 (0.32–0.4); copulatory papilla width, 0.21±0.006 (0.2–0.21). Geographical distribution of the Adelosgryllus (Fig. 1): A. rubricephalus: Brazil, State of São Paulo, municipalities of Rio Claro, Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade (22o24'48"S–47o31'29"W), Louveira (23o05'S–46o58'W), Itirapina, Cerrado Vegetation (22o15'S–47o54'W), and Descalvado, São Leopoldo do Mandic Farm (21o54'S–47o36'W); State of Goiás, municipality of Pirenópolis (15o48'11"S–48o51'94"W); State of Paraná, municipality of Céu Azul, at the forest edges of the Iguaçu National Park (25°9’15”S–53°50'43"W) (New register, Szinwelski, N. pers. comm) and Foz do Iguaçu, including two areas: border of the Mathias Almada river (25o32'S– 54o35'W) (Mesa & Zefa 2004), and Iguaçu National Park (Cataratas main trail—25°41'0.75"S - 54°26'23.08"W and Poço Preto trial—25º37.735'S–54º27.831'W); State of Rio Grande do Sul, municipalities of Capão do Leão, Horto Botânico Irmão Theodoro Luis, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (31°47'48"S–52°15'45"W) and Jaguarão under rocks (32°22'31.7"S–53°25'21.6"W) (New register, Zefa, E. pers. comm). A. spurius and A. phaeocephalus —Peru, Ucayali Department, Atalaya Province, ~ 35km NWW of Atalaya on the Ucayali River, near Sapani, ~ 300 m, primary forest (Gorochov 2011). Based on this description, we believe that the point showed in the map (10°37'21"S –73°57'39"W) is coordinate of reference to A. spurius and A. phaeocephalus. A. similis n. sp., and A. cruscastaneus n. sp.: Brazil, State of Ceará, municipality of Crato, Araripe-Apodi National Forest (FLONA do Araripe-Apodi) (7°14'44.42"S–39°29'47.64"W).

Adelosgryllus cruscastaneus Corr��a & Zefa, n. sp. (Figs 37���75) http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:502587 Type material: Holotype ♂, code (01-AMC-PM): Brazil, State of Cear��, municipality of Crato, Araripe-Apodi National Forest (Flona do Araripe-Apodi), 7��14'44.42"S, 39��29'47.64"W, 15.i.2013, Pereira, M.R & Zefa, E. leg. (MZUSP). Holotype condition: leg III separated from the body, and kept in the same holotype���s vial. Paratypes: same data of holotype (3♂ e 11♀), codes: ♂ 7NE53-GRYLLO/ARA/ZEFA, ♂ 02-AMC-PM, ♂ 616C6-GRYLLO/ ARA/ZEFA; ♀ 3TS98-GRYLLO/ARA/ZEFA, ♀ 9BE33-GRYLLO/ARA/ZEFA, ♀ 3V15 M-GRYLLO/ARA/ ZEFA, ♀ 361YQ-GRYLLO/ARA/ZEFA, ♀ 05-AFC-PM, ♀ 03-AFC-PM, ♀ 02-AFC-PM, ♀ 01-AFC-PM, ♀ 04- AFC-PM, ♀ 06-AFC-PM, ♀ 07-AFC-PM), (MZUSP). Etymology: the specific name cruscastaneus is derived from the Latin crus =leg and castaneus =brown, and refers to the light brown color of these cricket���s legs. Diagnosis: combination of the following characteristics: general morphology of the pseudepiphallic paramere 1 (Figs 56���60); pseudepiphallic apex acuminate and curved inward (Figs 56, 58, 60); pseudepiphallic arms do not converging anteriorly (Fig 56); legs I, II and III light brown (Figs 47���52). Description. Holotype ♂ (01-AMC-PM, Figs 37, 39���41, 43���46): similar to A. similis n. sp. with the following differences: vertex with two lateral spots beside eyes, both projected inward (Fig. 42); supranal plate posterior margin slightly rounded (Fig. 45); subgenital plate posterior margin with more pronounced curvature (Fig. 46); legs light brown (Figs 37���38, 47���52); femur III slightly contrasting the whitish basomedial region with the mediodistal light brown (Figs 49, 52). Measurements (mm/mm2): body length, 7.7; pronotum length, 1.19; pronotum width, 1.58; head width, 1.46; interocular distance, 0.82; femur III length, 4.25; tibia III length, 3.8; auditory tympanum area, 0.02; supranal plate length, 0.5; supranal plate width, 1.15; subgenital plate length, 0.99; subgenital plate width, 1.11. Remarks on paratypes. Head spots: paratypes ♀ 02-AFC-PM, ♀ 3TS98-GRYLLO/ARA/ ZEFA; ♂ 02-AMC- PM, ♂ 7NE53-GRYLLO/ARA/ ZEFA showed a pronounced dark spots at the vertex, similar to the holotype (Fig. 43), while nine females and one male did not present the spots (Fig. 65); auditory tympanum morphology and the arrangement of the subapical and apical spurs of the tibia III are similar to A. similis n. sp. (Figs 53���55). Phallic sclerites (Figs 56���60): paratypes 7NE53-GRYLLO/ARA/ ZEFA and 616C6-GRYLLO/ARA/ ZEFA) similar to A. similis n. sp. with the following differences: morphology of the PsP1 according to figures 58���60; pseudepiphallus apex acuminate and curved inward; pseudepiphallic arms do not converge anteriorly (Fig. 56). Rigth tegmen (Fig. 61, paratype 7NE53-GRYLLO/ARA/ ZEFA): the areas of the dorsal and lateral field, as well as their veins, are similar to A. similis n. sp., with the following differences: Harp with three veins; mirror with two cross veins; lateral field with pour marked accessory veins; veins 1A and Cu2 almost touching next to the connection of Cu2 with Hcv; stridulatory file with 103 teeth. Measurements (mm/mm2): dorsal field length, 3.66; dorsal field width, 2.17; harp area, 2,11; mirror area, 1.11; lateral field with four pour marked accessory veins, length, 3.30; lateral field width, 0.76; stridulatory file length, 1.33. Female (Figs 62���75): body shape and color pattern similar to holotype, with the following differences: subgenital plate wider than long and with an U-shaped notch in the apex (Fig. 69); supranal plate triangular with apex rounded (Fig. 68); ovipositor apex acuminate (Figs 70, 71). Copulatory papilla (n = 3): idem to A. similis n. sp. (Figs 72���75). Measurements (mm/mm��): male (n = 4): body length, 7.08��0.42 (6.71���7.7); pronotum length, 1.20��0.05 (1.17���1.28); pronotum width, 1.57��0.08 (1.49���1.67); head width, 1.45��0.04 (1.41���1.51); interocular distance, 0.79��0.03 (0.74���0.82); femur III length, 4.23��0.22 (4.01���4.53); tibia III length, 3.79��0.26 (3.46���4.1); auditory tympanum area, 0.02��0.005 (0.01���0.02); supranal plate length, 0.55��0.09 (0.45���0.64); supranal plate width, 1.07��0.05 (1.04���1.15); subgenital plate length, 0.91��0.08 (0.79���0.99); subgenital plate width, 1.01��0.08 (0.93��� 1.11); female (n = 11): body length, 8.66��1.09 (6.77���10.48); pronotum length, 1.48��0,10 (1.3���1.63); pronotum width, 1.84��0.11 (1.59���2.03); head width, 1.62��0.27 (0.81���1.81); interocular distance, 0.97��0.23 (0.84��� 1.67); femur III length, 4.68��0.24 (4.14���4.95); tibia III length, 4.11��0.26 (3.64���4.42); auditory tympanum area,0.01��0.004 (0.01���0.02); tegmen length, 1.24��0.20 (0.93���1.65); tegmen width, 0.66��0.08 (0.51���0.8); supranal plate length, 0.71��0.05 (0.65���0.79); supranal plate width, 1.25��0.13 (1.11���1.52); subgenital plate length, 0.56��0.05 (0.47���0.63); subgenital plate width, 0,92��0,12 (0.78���1.14); ovipositor length, 4.12��0.33 (3.44���4.41); copulatory papilla length, 0.35��0.04 (0.32���0.4); copulatory papilla width, 0.21��0.006 (0.2���0.21). Geographical distribution of the Adelosgryllus (Fig. 1): A. rubricephalus: Brazil, State of S��o Paulo, municipalities of Rio Claro, Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade (22o24'48"S���47o31'29"W), Louveira (23o05'S���46o58'W), Itirapina, Cerrado Vegetation (22o15'S���47o54'W), and Descalvado, S��o Leopoldo do Mandic Farm (21o54'S���47o36'W); State of Goi��s, municipality of Piren��polis (15o48'11"S���48o51'94"W); State of Paran��, municipality of C��u Azul, at the forest edges of the Igua��u National Park (25��9���15���S���53��50'43"W) (New register, Szinwelski, N. pers. comm) and Foz do Igua��u, including two areas: border of the Mathias Almada river (25o32'S��� 54o35'W) (Mesa & Zefa 2004), and Igua��u National Park (Cataratas main trail���25��41'0.75"S - 54��26'23.08"W and Po��o Preto trial���25��37.735'S���54��27.831'W); State of Rio Grande do Sul, municipalities of Cap��o do Le��o, Horto Bot��nico Irm��o Theodoro Luis, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (31��47'48"S���52��15'45"W) and Jaguar��o under rocks (32��22'31.7"S���53��25'21.6"W) (New register, Zefa, E. pers. comm). A. spurius and A. phaeocephalus ���Peru, Ucayali Department, Atalaya Province, ~ 35km NWW of Atalaya on the Ucayali River, near Sapani, ~ 300 m, primary forest (Gorochov 2011). Based on this description, we believe that the point showed in the map (10��37'21"S ���73��57'39"W) is coordinate of reference to A. spurius and A. phaeocephalus. A. similis n. sp., and A. cruscastaneus n. sp.: Brazil, State of Cear��, municipality of Crato, Araripe-Apodi National Forest (FLONA do Araripe-Apodi) (7��14'44.42"S���39��29'47.64"W)., Published as part of Corr��a, Robson Crepes, Pereira, Marcelo Ribeiro, Costa, Maria K��tia Matiotti Da, Szinwelski, Neucir, Martins, Luciano De Pinho & Zefa, Edison, 2018, Two new species of crickets Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae) from the Araripe-Apodi National Forest, State of Cear��, Brazil, pp. 97-112 in Zootaxa 4420 (1) on pages 104-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1247178, {"references":["Mesa, A. & Zefa, E. (2004) Adelosgryllus rubricephalus: A new genus and species of cricket (Orthoptera: Phalangopsidae). Neotropical Entomology, 33 (3), 327 - 332. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1519 - 566 X 2004000300008","Gorochov, A. V. (2011) New and Little Known Crickets of the Subfamily Phalangopsinae (Orthoptera, Gryllidae): 6. Neotropical Taxa of the Tribes Phalangopsini and Paragryllini. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 90 (6), 674 - 687. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 001387381105006 X"]}