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Currently, electrical power consumption especially in homes is an important issue that is being given serious attention. Since the electrical energy resource is valuable and not unlimited, it should be conserved with the aid of energy saving devices. Therefore, a concept of power consumption monitoring and management system (MMS) is designed to solve the problem of inefficient electric power usage through notification from the substation to the consumer. The proposed power consumption monitoring and management system using embedded radio frequency identification (RFID) with Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies is designed to monitor and manage the power consumption in the house with wireless automation monitoring and identification. This proposed system is developed using the IEEE 802.15.4 based ZigBee-Pro Wasana Boonsong, Widad Ismail, Oluseye Adeleke 121 application at 2.4 GHz. In addition, the administration section is also allocated with effectively function used for communication and notification of the client's power consumption details such as the amount of units of their electricity use, the expenditures that to be paid at present or even for warning the excessive consume of their electricity with real-time supervisory system with low load power consumption about of 1.67 W. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are several propagation paths between the transmitter and the receiver. The signal components arriving at the receiver from different paths add destructively or constructively any phase shift introduced by the medium. Thus, the signal strengths depend on the relative phases of the components of the received signal giving rise to a condition known as FADING. This paper dwells basically on the characterization, modeling and mitigation of outage probability of a generalized selection combining technique in a Rayleigh fading channel. It involves deriving the probability density function of the combiner output of a generalized selection system by integration, from which the outage probability would then be evaluated in closed form expression. MATLAB tool was used to simulate the behaviour of the received signal with varying number of selected paths: plots of the outage probability against normalized average signal-to noise ratio per symbol per path were obtained which showed an exponentially decaying power delay profile that is an increment in the available diversity paths L with the highest number of strongest paths Lc causing the performance of outage probability of a generalized combiner in Rayleigh fading channel to increase. Thus, it was observed that as the signal propagates through multiple paths, the average signal- to- noise ratio can be improved with the aid of a generalized selection combiner with the highest number of strongest paths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]