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Background/Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem with a rising prevalence due to comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension. The aim of this research was to audit the assessment and therapeutic management of proteinuria in CKD patients at the Cantonal Hospital Baselland (KSBL) in Switzerland and determine associations between patient comorbidities, rehospitalisation, death, and the quality of therapeutic management. Methods: We analysed data from 427 adults with CKD (eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2) hospitalised on the internal medicine ward in 2022. Results: The mean age was 85 years (range: 79–89), 45.9% were female, and the median eGFR was 32.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 (range: 25–40). Proteinuria assessment was performed in 120 (28.1%) patients (the ProtU group), and a corresponding treatment was prescribed in 59%. The ProtU group had a higher quota of patients with diabetes (44.1% vs. 33%, p = 0.048) and obesity (21.2% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.039) when compared to the group without proteinuria assessment (the Ustix group). Twelve-month survival was not significantly different between the groups (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.488–1.154; p-value = 0.191). However, survival was significantly better in patients who received an antiproteinuric treatment compared to those who did not (HR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.121–0.0761; p = 0.011). Conclusions: Improvements need to be made in managing CKD at the KSBL in accordance with the guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]