Search

This paper aimed to monitor the adaptation of one-year black locust seedlings in the field conditions. The seedlings of three Romanian provenances were previously produced in the containerized method under eight different substrate conditions (peat MKS 1, peat MKS 3, rendzina, rendzina + sand, dystric cambisol, dystric cambisol + sand, eutric cambisol and eutric cambisol + sand), and three water regimes (70%, 50% and 30%). The survival rate of seedlings and the main growth traits at the end of the first year after planting in the field were evaluated according to each type of treatment in which the seedlings were previously produced in containers. In field conditions, the growing traits of seedlings were not influenced by their provenance. The seedlings that were produced in the greenhouse in eutric cambisol + sand substrate, regardless of the water regime and provenance, were the shortest in the field conditions. The highest values of height were registered for the seedlings produced in peat MKS3 substrate under a medium watering regime. The seedlings that were produced in containers on dystric cambisol with sand substrate under high and medium water regimes had the best response in terms of survival in the field.

Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils presents serious environmental and health risks. This study assessed the bioaccumulation and spatial distribution of nickel, cadmium, zinc, lead, and copper within a sheep-based food chain in the Baia Mare region, Romania, which includes soil, green grass, sheep serum, and dairy products. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), we analyzed the concentrations of these metals and calculated bioconcentration factors (BCFs) to evaluate their transfer through trophic levels. Spatial analysis revealed that copper (up to 2528.20 mg/kg) and zinc (up to 1821.40 mg/kg) exceeded permissible limits, particularly near former mining sites. Elevated lead (807.59 mg/kg) and cadmium (2.94 mg/kg) were observed in industrial areas, while nickel and cobalt showed lower concentrations, but with localized peaks. Zinc was the most abundant metal in grass, while cadmium transferred efficiently to milk and cheese, raising potential health concerns. The results underscore the complex interplay between soil properties, contamination sources, and biological processes in heavy metal accumulation. These findings highlight the importance of continuous monitoring, risk assessment, and mitigation strategies to protect public health from potential exposure through contaminated dairy products.

The study examined soil and honey samples from the Maramureș region, assessing potentially toxic elements and their concentrations. The highest concentrations were found for (Cu), (Zn), (Pb), (Cr), (Ni), (Cd), (Co), and (As), while (Hg) remained below the detection limit. Samples near anthropogenic sources displayed elevated metal levels, with the Aurul settling pond and Herja mine being major contamination sources. Copper concentrations exceeded the legal limits in areas near these sources. Zinc concentrations were highest near mining areas, and Pb and Cd levels surpassed the legal limits near beehives producing acacia honey. Nickel and Co levels were generally within limits but elevated near the Herja mine. The study highlighted the role of anthropogenic activities in heavy metal pollution. In the second part, honey samples were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations, with variations across types and locations. Positive correlations were identified between certain elements in honey, influenced by factors like location and pollution sources. The research emphasized the need for pollution control measures to ensure honey safety. The bioaccumulation factor analysis indicated a sequential metal transfer from soil to honey. The study’s comprehensive approach sheds light on toxic element contamination in honey, addressing pollution sources and pathways.

Heavy metals have become widespread urban pollutants, exposing vulnerable age groups such as children to potential risk. Specialists need feasible approaches that can routinely assist them in customizing options for sustainable and safer urban playgrounds. The aim of this research was to explore the practical relevance of the X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) method from the perspective of landscaping specialists, and the practical significance of screening for those heavy metals that currently present elevated levels across urban environments Europe-wide. Soil samples from six public children’s playgrounds of different typologies from Cluj-Napoca, Romania, were analyzed. The results indicated that this method was sensitive to identifying thresholds stipulated in legislation for the screened elements (V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb). Coupled with the calculation of pollution indexes, this method can serve as a quick orientation in landscaping options for urban playgrounds. The pollution load index (PLI) for the screened metals showed that three sites displayed baseline pollution with incipient deterioration in soil quality (PLI = 1.01–1.51). The highest contribution to the PLI among the screened elements, depending on the site, was due to Zn, Pb, As, and Mn. The average levels of the detected heavy metals were within admissible limits according to national legislation. Implementable protocols addressed to different categories of specialists could help to transition towards safer playgrounds and more research on accurate cost-effective procedures to overcome the limitations of existing approaches is currently needed.

The paper presents the results of the researches carried out during the period 2017-2019, under the conditions of the Târnavelor Vineyard, in the Jidvei-Alba area, regarding the influence of some technological factors on the level of grape production. The factors considered in the study were: Factor A - irrigation regime, with graduations a1 - non-irrigated, a2 - irrigated at 50% IUA; Factor B - fertilization, with graduations b1 - basic fertilization, b2 - basic fertilization + chemical fertilization; b3 - organic fertilization; Factor C, biological material, with graduations c1 - Muscat Ottonel variety, c2 - Feteasca Regala variety, c3 - Sauvignon Blanc variety. The production results recorded during the three years of experimentation highlighted in particular the favorable effect of irrigation on the production of grapes, in all three varieties, regardless of the applied fertilization level.

The box tree moth was accidentally introduced in Central Europe and recently was detected and identified in Romaniaas a serious pest, naturally spreading on the continent. The larva feeds on the box tree leaves and in case of food shortage they consume the bark, causing serious damage and even death to the attacked plant. Chemical control represents a stand alone method against Cydalima perspectalis (Walker, 1859) because biological control techniques available in Europe are in developmental stage. The research aim was to identify a sort of active ingredients that control this invasive pest. The following active ingredients were tested: thiacloprid, methoxyfenozide, lambda-cyhalothrin, spinosad, milbemectin, chlorantraniliprole, acetamiprid, abamectin, diflubenzuron, thiametoxam, dimethoate, imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, and binary combination of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin, chlorantraniliprole and abamectin. Methoxyfenozide, spinosad, chlorantraniliprole caused 100% larval mortality, fallowed by the combination of chlorantraniliprole+abamectin, and chlorpyrifos+ cypermethrin which gives identical results.

The importance of the aggregates studies could be presented from the following perspectives: elaboration of the soil studies to substantiate the projects of arrangement, organization and exploitation of the meadows; elaboration of (naturalistic) soil studies prior to the preparation of forestry arrangements; elaboration of the soil studies necessary to substantiate the projects of complex arrangement of the slopes in order to prevent and control erosion on agricultural land in non-irrigated regime; elaboration of the soil studies in order to recover the lands degraded by social-economic activities. The researches consists in highlighting the influence of the shelterbelts on the evolution of the soil in the immediate area of it, compared with the soil developed inside the shelterbelts, starting from the premise: degraded lands, recovered through shelterbelts, in order to ensure full protection of agricultural crops, it must also have a high degree of soil amelioration, a low risk of erosion and erosivity.

This paper presents the results of research on the influence of some technological factors on the level of production at irrigated sweet corn, in the conditions of Henig - Alba Iulia, in 2020. As a result of research it was found that irrigation and fertilization applied to sweet corn have a favorable influence on the production obtained. Among the hybrids analyzed, the best results were obtained for the hybrid Deliciul Verii, to which a basic fertilization + additional fertilization with NPK was applied. The results show that in both the irrigated and the non-irrigated version, the differences between the yields obtained by Deliciul Verii and Estival hybrids are significant compared to the Dulcin (control) hybrid. In the case of Deliciul Verii hybrid, the yields obtained are distinctly significant compared to the yields obtained from the Dulcin hybrid, and in the case of the Estival hybrid, the yields obtained are negatively very significant compared to the yields obtained from the Dulcin hybrid.

Climate change effects can be seen in most urban areas around the globe, thus local public administrations take into consideration establishing irrigation systems when managing green areas. In Romania, more and more green areas with mature woody plants are irrigated, even historical gardens, but most projects lack the motivation behind implementing the watering systems. To establish if and when irrigation is needed in historical gardens, it is proposed to begin with a detailed study regarding the vegetation composition. This article presents the woody species data collected from three historical gardens around Romania (Cluj-Napoca City, Gornești - Mureș County, and Bucharest City). Furthermore, this information will be used to develop a methodology for estimating the irrigation water needs of woody species recorded in historical green spaces around Romania. Moreover, the inventory data and the irrigation recommendations could be also used by the local administrations for better decision making regarding planning and management in historical gardens.

Campsis radicans (trumpet creeper) is native to the southeastern part of the United State, being a perennial woody vine with showy red-orange flowers that are attractive to hummingbirds (Streiner, 2006). The main objective of the study is determination the Campsis radicans growing, the species being used for the eroded slopes. For this study were collected 80 cuttings by Campsis radicans and there were put in a peat and perlite substrate. The plants were placed in the greenhouse. The experiments were performed during three years (2016-2018). The determination about cutting height and annual growing was made. In 2018 it was used a treatment with a rooting hormone named RADI-STIM. In 2016 an average growth of 2.7 cm was recorded and the percentage of rooting was 23.75%. In 2017 an average growth of 6.8 cm was recorded and the percentage of the rooting is 28.75%. In 2018 the recorded average growth was 11cm, with a percentage of rooting of 60%. The highest number of the cutting rooted was done at cutting introduced in RADI-STIM with a percentage of 60%.

In the conditions of Transylvania's hilly area, under the conditions of irrigated, and non-irrigated land, it was conducted a study regarding the behavior of three varieties of oloagar bean: Lechinţa, Salvica and Viola. Also, it was determined the influence of land fertilization: basic, with natural fertilizer, with chemical fertilizer. Between the three varieties, the most developed variety regarding the height of the plant was the Viola variety (55-60 cm). It has also been observed that plant growth is higher in irrigated crops than in non-irrigated crops. In the irrigated crop, the pods are larger than the non-irrigated regarding the length, the diameter, and the weight of the pod. Regarding fertilization, a variety is more developed using chemical fertilization (Salvica) and another grows weakest using chemical fertilization (Lechinţa).

Viticultural landscapes traditionally consist of a diverse mosaic of different elements of agricultural and semi-natural ecosystems, providing a variety of ecosystem services. In the context of VineDivers landscape ecology, a landscape buffers of 750 m in diameter were delimited around the centroid of the studied vineyard parcels. The results of landscape mapping are parameters such as percentage of semi-natural elements, mean size of vineyard parcel, and complexity index. In Romania were studied sixteen vineyards ecosystems from Târnave Viticulture Region – Transylvania. Landscape mapping offers a better understanding of spatial information and structural inventory of agroecosystems. Also, it should be possible to study the effects of landscape pattern upon species composition, and biodiversity.

The aim of the article is to explain the Romanian context for inventories and analysis regarding landscape diversity, management and aesthetics. The main surveyed drivers of change are: (1) natural and cultural dimensions - geology, soils, climate, topography patterns, land use, farm types, infrastructures, settlements; (2) institutional dimensions - existing local organizations, institutions and stakeholders, power relations, legislation, tenure arrangements, and land planning policies; (3) socio-cultural and economic dimensions - attitudes and values, goals and aspirations, local culture, sense of place, agricultural and other industries, farm economy, and historical development. These three main dimensions are surveyed for two types of anthropological environments: urban - municipality level and rural - commune level. The presented information summarizes previously published materials and uses national statistical data.

This paper presents a part of research conducted in the area Aghireșu, Cluj County, Romania, in 2015 year, regarding the influence of the substrate composition and Disinfection mode upon Pleurotus mushrooms yields. The aim of the research is to determine how the production of mushrooms was influenced by three experimental factors: the biological material - two strains of Pleurotus, two growing media, prepared after two different recipes, and three methods of disinfection of the substrate. The research proved that the best results were achieved by hybrid mushroom HK 35, the method of disinfection of the substrate by chemical treatment with Topsin solution having concentration of 0.1% and organic substrate made of corn cobs and barley grains.

Onion is appreciated by consumers for its high content of carbohydrates, salts of Ca, P, albuminoidal substances and vitamins, especially A and C. The food and therapeutic importace leads to the recommendation that in a good nutrition, daily, to consume at least 25 grams of onion, corresponding to an average consumption of 8-9 kg per year. In the experiments organized at Mihai Viteazu, Cluj county, between 2014 and 2015, regarding the influence of technological factors on the production of onions, it was found that the yields obtained in irrigated variants are higher than the ones from non-irrigated variants, regardless of variety or fertilization method.

Abstract. The purpose of this research was to analyse the yeld and quality of eight grapevine varieties (two Romanian autochthonous varieties: ‘Fetească regală’, ‘Traminer roz’, and six world-wide varieties: ‘Rhin Riesling’, ‘Sauvignon Blanc’, ‘Muscat Ottonel’, ‘Pinot gris’, ‘Chardonnay’and ‘Italian Riesling’ cultivated in two different types of soil management (low and high intensity).

The Amaranthus species is cultivated as "pseudocereal" because of its rich contents in proteins, carbohydrates and greases, which could be compared with those of cereals. The experience intends to test the productivity of four sorts of Amaranthus sp., in order to integrate successfully within the agricultural technologies, such sorts as Amont, Golden Giant, Hopi Red Dye and Plenitude, in the climatic conditions from the TeiuÈ™ area, AlbaCounty. The Plenitude sort records the highest production increases, 1344,99 kg/ha, in irrigation conditions, whereas the Golden Giant sort, in irrigation conditions, records a decrease in production of 360,73kg/ha.

Vegetation, as soil protection factor, has a positive influence during the process of land degradation through both canopy that retains some of the water and through the root system that functions as a drain. The main objective of this study is to observe how Pinus nigra trees growing arranged degraded slopes. The observations and determinations regarding biometric characteristics conducted in this study were: total height; trunk thickness at soil level; trunk thickness above 1 m from soil level; trunk thickness above 1.5 m from soil level.

The national forest fund represents entirety the land with natural or cultural forests or the land with afforestation works. Also, are included lands who serve to production or forest administration, ponds, stream beds, other lands with lumbering destination and unproductive/degraded lands, which are contained in the forest planning.. One of the subjects put into research of this article is to determine how the forest prevents the degradation phenomenon of ecosystems. In this article is made particular references to the hydrographic basin Mures-Aranca, which is consists of the forests that occupy the lands with the most heterogeneous stationary conditions, and of the some areas from the forest fund represented by the improvement perimeters. These degradation phenomenon, such as: the landslides, the surface erosion, the bedrock surface and the deep erosion, could be prevented or combated by the degree of afforestation of a basin and the structure of forest stands. To get the efficiency of forest stands by anti-erosion and hydrological point of view, it can be used the qualitative mapping system proposed for the first time by Al. Apostol (1972), who was able to get an effective delimitation according to their structural features. Thus, were constitute 4 hydrological categories, A=high hydrological efficiency, B=medium hydrological efficiency, C=reduced hydrological efficiency, D=low hydrological efficiency. These hydrological categories assist in obtaining a statistical picture of forest vegetation from a basin and in comparing basins between them.

Due to irrational management and exploitation of farmland and forests there were registered in the world, increasingly intensified soil degradation processes with negative effects on production costs and land use. The territory of the Moldova is characterized by rugged relief. Absolute average altitude of Moldova surface is 147 m, maximum - 429 m and minimum - 5 m. Predominance of the slopes on the 80% of the territory creates favorable conditions for the development of erosion processes. The area of eroded soils that have lost from 20 to 70% of their original fertility is about 36%.

The experimental protocol for determining the influences of roof type upon humidity was conducted at the University of Applied Sciences, Neubrandenburg, Germany, during 14 days. In order to emphasize the humidity differences between a traditional roof and a green roof have been establish three locations of humidity sensors. The mean humidity determined for traditional roof is 71.18%, which is lower with 12.2% then the humidity affected by green roof.

The aim of the research is to establish the improvement degree of the degraded ecotop through differences registered between expected relative class of production and biometric data determined in situ. The biometric measurements (trees height and diameter) were done on trees being over 30 years old, the afforestation of degraded land started in 1983. The results characterize the increasing gradient of variability factors through exploitation and inappropriate management. The research problem looks to establish the effect of stand conditions upon biomass accumulation at individual level of trees, knowing that on degraded lands trees could rich a biological potential included in maximum the 4th relative class of production.

The amount of water used is a sign of a developed society, but the way of using water is more concluded when is assessed the well-being level of a community. Water is consider being an element of supporting, provisioning and regulating services in the context of ecosystem services, but is also a shaping factor of terrain topography, which means indirectly that is also an element of cultural services. In this article are assessed the rainfalls, as element of hydrologic cycle, rainfall which could be simulated with infiltrometer. The measurements determined with infiltrometer could give estimations regarding solutions for irrigation, drainage or erosion prevention measures, measures complementary with natural hydrologic cycle.

The vegetables have a dry matter content of only 4-25% and high water content (75-96%). The vegetables from onion’s group have the highest content of dry matter, and the lowest content of dry matter (4.8 to 5%) is owned by cucumbers, squash and greens (lettuce, chicory). In comparison with the Brunswick, Density and Stuttgart varieties, which have a bulb with six thickened sheets, the Roșie de Arieș variety has a bulb with eight thickened sheets. The number of first class bulbs is higher for the irrigated variant for all four experimental varieties grown in the field and for all fertilization variants.

The plants are all most the most important factor for the protection and conservation of soils slopes (above ground and underground). The main objective of this study is approximate if Hedera helix L. could have a rooted system develop on eroded slope, without other vegetative incomes. Other objectives are to assess how substrate influences the development of root system. The independent variants are three types of substrate: peat, garden soil and a mixture of peat and garden soil in a ratio of 1:1, and all the three of them had the drainage layer being formed from one centimeter of sand.

The goal of this paper is to analyse the defining characteristics of today's construction materials and focus on an innovative, heat-insulating material with a cellular structure and closed pores, obtained from basalt powder. It also has a completely non-polluting production technology, an abundent raw material and is called „Basalt foam„. It is anticipated that "Basalt foam†will have superior characteristics compared to the materials curently used both in terms of overall performance and imbeded energy. Analyzing the proprieties of the basalt rock and the characteristics of other ceramics foams, it is anticipated that the new material will have the following characteristics: • Low density ( < 600 kg/m3); • Resistance to chemical agents, • High hardness: 5-7 Mohs; • Temperature for use max. 800 oC; (the glass foam has around 400 oC) • Thermal factor (thermal conductivity): < 0.07 W/mk (BCA has around 0.1 W/mk ); • compression resistance: > 25 N/mm2 (the brick has 20 - 40 N/mm2). Having a very good compression resistance, better than that of ceramic blocks and at the same time better insulating properties, this new material could be used as a viable replacement. Regarding the impact on the environment, this material can be fully recycled through a simple technology: grinding at appropriate granu

The paper presents the results of the experiments that were carried out during 2012-2014 period, in the Iara-Turda depressionary area conditions. The research`s general objective is the study of agroproductivity at Jonagold, Florina, Generos, Idared, Jonathan, Granny Smith and Golden Delicious apple varieties, all grafted on to a semi-vigourous M106 rootstock. The influence of the irrigation and fertilization regime was studied in an polifactorial experiment that aimed the study of the interactions of three factors and the specific and cumulative effects on growth and fructification parameters of the apple tree varieties in the pedoclimatic context of the studied area. The present paper refers only to the interaction and effect of the irrigation regime in relation to the studied factors.

The culture of vegetables has been one of the main practical human activities, along with the development of society, knowledge and methods of vegetable plants cultivation being continuously improved. The onion, biennial or triennial vegetable species, is a part of bulbous vegetable group and it is one of the most prevalents vegetables. The experiences underlying this paper were placed in an experimental field in Mihai Viteazu area, Cluj county, with the method of subdivided parcels in three repetitions. The combination of factors resulted in 24 experimental variants. The research aimed to determine factors influencing irrigation, fertilization and biological material on the production of onion.

In this paper are presented results of the research conducted under the specific conditions of the Transylvanian Plain, regarding the influence of irrigation on the yield of soybean crop. Experiences that underlie this work were complex, being organized in the Viișoara - Câmpia Turzii area, near the Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda, where were created the soybean varieties that were tested. Research has been conducted since 2009, in two phases of three years, from 2009 to 2011 and from 2012 to 2014, being tested three varieties of soybeans, Onix, Eugen and Felix, under different water and fertilization conditions. The results showed that the introduction of irrigation factor, along with fertilizer and a biological material with a high potential for production, are elements which, despite higher costs, proved to be economically efficient.

Drainage density or landscape fragmentation is the ratio of slope length (measured in m) and unit area (measured in km ²) and expresses the horizontal fragmentation of the landscape. In the study presented in this article refers to the area for the three administrative units studied: Savadisla ATU, Ciurila ATU and Floresti ATU. Creating GIS spatial analysis model required the following steps: creating the database, appropriate spatial modeling, model validation to quantify the risk. Spatial analysis is based only on morphometric characteristics of the territory, which are derived from digital elevation model (DEM). Each element of morphometric database we included spatial analysis model parameter identification probability of landslides.

Water flow rate is influenced by slope and thickness of the water running down the slope. Water erosion process which is triggered as follows: precipitation that fell on the soil surface are absorbed by the absorption capacity of the soil volume exceeded rainfall quantity, water will accumulate in micro-depressions. If rainfall continues to fall, stretches of water formed unite and form a continuous film of water begins to flow as rills or streams. Soil erosion is caused mainly by: relief, climate (air temperature, wind, rainfall, atmospheric pressure, humidity, duration sun radiation, cloud cover, weather phenomena), soil, rock soil formation, vegetation and land use. Creating GIS spatial analysis model required the following steps: creating the database, appropriate spatial modeling, model validation to quantify the risk.

Although torrential processes prove complex and extremely high variability, they can be synthetically characterized by a series of parameters and intra-parametrical relations, expressing different phenomena such as meteorological, hydrological or soil degradation, due to water or combination of these factors.In order to promote a sustainable and competitive forestry, while preventing environmental degradation due to human activities, it is to be proposed, among other, a close monitoring of torrential watershed basins located in the forest area. This goal can only be achieved by spatial configuration of torrential formations, rehabilitation of existing works affected by floods or reinstatement of disused works. Usually the effective operation of hydraulic works on a river

The paper includes the results of comparative studies regarding the influence of irrigation on the rape yield culture in two areas of Transylvania devoted respectively Turda (2007-2009) and the Satu Mare (2009-2011). In experiments tested various biological material, varieties and hybrids with high yield. The experiences factors studied of Turda were - factor A - irrigation regime, factor B - fertilization, factor C - cultivar, and in the biological material selected from Satu Mare - factor A - water regime, factor B - variety, especially biological material factor C - plant density. Keywords:

The hydrological characteristically regime to pouring freshet from any watershed is in interrelation with precipitation regime. The dimensions which present a characteristic importance for the hydrological regime to pouring freshet are: the high of maximum precipitation batch in 24 hour; the pouring rains with these parameters: the quantity of fallen precipitation, the duration, intensity and frequency, all correlated with spreading area in studied territory, distribution in the course of year and the force of pouring freshet resulted; the annual average number of pouring rains attend to resulted pouring. The hydrological pouring freshet regime was studied in the classical conditions: in case of transformed torrential watersheds trough hydro-technical executed works on these thread. It was observed immediately after the hydro technical works executed transverse, the value of maximum capacity it was reduced to 50-70 %, while the duration of trickling is reduced to 40-60 %. The hydrographs form is upset according to the abstention of a remarkable pouring upstream of works.

The paper presents the results of researches regarding the influence of some technology elements on the yeld’s level at the irrigated soybean crop, in the Turda area conditions. Average production for the entire period studied, 2009 - 2011, the irrigated variants reached the level of 3269.85 kg / ha and the non-irrigated variants, 2565.15 kg/ha. Registered production growth due to irrigation, the interval 2009 - 2011, was 704.70 kg / ha (27.5%), highly statistically significant difference.

Topographical study provides relief conditions and land cover, which makes precision engineered marking works. Draw the vertical plane and the different locations and routes given slope is carried out by methods which are chosen depending on the plotting of the pitch.

This paper presents the results of investigations held between 2009 - 2011 in the conditions Nicula - Gherla, Cluj county, regarding the influence of factors of production (irrigation regime, fertilization, biological material) on the yield’s level. The best result obtained the experimental variant a2 x b2 x c3 (80% AMI irrigation regime x basic fertilization + additional fertilization x Diamant variety).

The area between Cluj-Napoca and Apahida consists of miocene and quaternary deposits. Miocene (tortonian) is affected by salty diapirism manifested by salt water, which influences the water chemistry of quaternary deposits. Characteristic in terms of hydrogeological is that in Somes Mic River valley, the drillings made by OCPGA Cluj revealed the quaternary deposits, hosted in the aquifer.

Average production for the entire period, 2009 - 2011, the irrigated variants reachedthe level of 3269.85 kg / ha and the non-irrigated variants, 2565.15 kg/ha. Registered productiongrowth due to irrigation, the interval 2009 - 2011, was 704.70 kg / ha (27.5%), highly statisticallysignificant difference. Irrigation and fertilization applied on the soybean culture greatly influencedthe content of lecithin, vitamins and metals in grains, during the period of research, 2009-2011. Bestreaction at the two factors had variety Felix, and then, variety Eugen. Also, the price of soybeans isdictated by the intrinsic quality of grain quality characteristics given above. In the present researchhas been conducted content analysis on the following metals: sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg),calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in soy beans for each variantculture conditions experienced in the Viișoara - Turda, the results refer to the average productionyears 2009-2011.

Soil (ground) is for people amid social and economic activities, natural resource invaluable, the most precious wealth of a nation. From this point of view, Romania has a great wealth, especially given balanced structure planning: third area of forests, meadows third of hills, orchards and vineyards and third lowland land where farming takes place. We live in an excessive continental climate area, prolonged droughts and growth in the last 10 years, annual average temperatures 0.2 to 0.6 ° C and decreasing precipitation with 10 to 15 mm, to multi-annual averages, due current decrease geosystem reveals a clear tendency to increasing and expanding desertification phenomena and land degradation especially in the south and east of the country, however the necessary impetuous clear evidence nationally, regionally for different areas (hilly area of lowland, mountain) land situation in Romania. Preventing soil erosion requires measures imposed by climatic characteristics of the area and socio-economic status, medium and long term actions to improve the situation of soil, which can then be combined nationwide to save and to ensure rational use and exploitation and sustainable land it holds Romania, regardless of land ownership.

In Anieș basin, first torrential correction works were carried out in 1988, on Butucilor Stream, with waiver of narrow gauge forest railways and open forest road Anieș. This work consisted of two thresholds in performance with a height of 2 meters, connected together by trapezoidal drains and the upstream side of a dam with a height of 6 feet with 2 drain holes that could close using metal gates. The works were made ​​of stone masonry with cement mortar. In the next phase, the years 1988-1997 were executed torrential correction works upstream the Butucilor Stream, on the streams DeluÅ£ului, Brazilor and Lupilor, consisting of a dam with a height of 3 meters and a channel connection. These works were well behaved, but after repeated floods in the basin, silt transported have exhausted retention capacity and currently works cross some channels are clogged drain, sometimes being destroyed masonry, is even installing vegetation on the shoulders dams. Currently, due to dynamic torrential processes, torrential correction action on Anieș basin, continuous, Mihăiasa Valley is a complex process of restoration and is running a number of 5 dams with heights between 2 and 3.5 meters, from which 2 filterable, 6 thresholds and 9 sleepers.

Hydrographic area of Anies River basin drains the southern slope of Rodna Mountains. Watershed area as geographical location falls within the geographic coordinates: North latitude: 24°41' to 24°52'; East longitude: 47°22' to 47°35'. Permanent hydrographic network density of Anieș Valley hydrographic basin is between 12.8 m / ha and 29.3 m / ha. Lungimea totală a reÅ£elei hidrografice din subbazinele torenÅ£iale studiate este de 63,1 km, din care cu degradări 2,9 km (4,6 %). The hydrographic network total length from the torrential sub-basins studied is 63.1 km, of which the degradation 2.9 km (4.6%).

Manmade landscapes are made up of natural elements and artificial elements. Some natural elements such as macro-relief elements, hydro-geological, climatic conditions, astral light etc., cannot be changed under direct human intervention, this adaptation conditioning design solutions. Natural elements that can be changed are: watercourses, swamps, rocks, soil and vegetation. Artificial elements, constructed, functional and decorative are: roads, streets and alleys, pavilions with different destinations, playgrounds etc.. Natural features of the land are exploited, model, supplemented or corrected in order to create, redevelopment or change of scenery. The private garden is located in the village Cubleșul Somesan, being identified plot number 80 consists of three parcels totaling 10,800 square feet with one hand and another group of houses and households semirural type.

Using the Romanian Position Determination System (ROMPOS), a new option for a new generation of information systems using geo-spatial information opens up. Data provided by the Romanian Position Determination System (ROMPOS) could be used in various applications, such as: positioning and monitoring of static or moving objects, in navigation, measuring surface, irrigation, environmental protection, transport etc. This new approach to the problem introduces the concept of GIS manipulation for a decision-making support which implies a spatial image manipulation in order to facilitate the access of decision-making factors to discovering, accessing and integrating geospatial information in decision-making scenarios knowingly, in numerous fields of work and research. A very useful application is in the risk management of environment and pollution factors, with various substances, of soil, air, water and other factors, but also for a competitive management, for decision-making bodies at local and central levels, in various issues that are encountered in the multitude of environmental projects in our country.

Depending on the amount allowable soil losses can be used to establishstrategies for choosing cultural structures and their relationship, their share in a crop rotation withvery good, good or poor soil protection. Following heavy rains, leaks occur as a rolled canvasspread over the land surface. Following leakage of these processes, with streams of water areentrained soil particles and moved longer distances or smaller. Following this process, after a time,depending on the frequency and duration of heavy rains that generate surface runoff, finally, lead tototal washing humus accumulation horizons and finally reach the parent rock or rock foundation.Under the indirect method (Equation universal erosion of the conditions in Romania) hasdetermined that the surfaces covered with forest, located on a slope of between 5-10% slope andslope length of steepest slope below 100 m, recorded an annual loss of 0.0067 t • ha-1, respectivelyon a slope with the largest slope length greater than 100 m is estimated annual quantity of 00.0058 t• ha-1.

To calculate water consumption by direct method took into account the amount of water coming into the system, following the rules of watering, values ​​were established irrigation scheme-specific variants. Direct method for determining soil water consumption is the soil water balance method, whose principle is to establish the "inputs" of water (all sources of supply of soil) is equal to "output" of water (all soil water consumption). The concept of soil water balance implies the balance between the amount of water penetrated into the soil and is lost and quantitative expression of the hydrological regime.

In the present work is realized a complex analysis of climatic conditions in the agricultural Plain of Transylvania, in the context of climate change, which is one of my biggest threats in terms of environmental refering to social and economical aspects.The latest evaluations of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have highlighted the following: the increase by about 3 ° C average temperature this century ; in the last 100 years, Earth has experienced a warming of 0.71 ° C, growth being pronounced in the last 50 years ; Arctic temperatures have increased twice as much ; atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increased from pre-industrial value of 278 particles per million to 379 particles per million in 2005.

The paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the climatic conditions of the agricultural area of Transylvanian Plain, in the general context of the progressive warming of the atmosphere and significantly reduce rainfall. Testing in this area of some valuable soybean varieties created the Agricultural Research Station Turda and Development, highlighted the importance of technology elements in achieving high production levels. After studies were considered necessary to test the biological material and irrigation conditions, such experiences are organized at Viişoara - Turda since 2009.

Studies on a river’s dynamic not only give knowledge about its characteristics in general, but also help us understand how different factors influence the river’s area and also provide information about its evolution. In this study, we have analyzed the course of Black River, which crosses the mountain area and also a plat plain until the confluence with the Olt River (Iancu,1962) taking into consideration the meanders movement and degradation of banks.

This paper presents some research results on water consumption soybean crop and the influence of technological factors on production of this crop, in the specific conditions of Transylvania Plain. The research was conducted during 2009 - 2011, in an experimental field in Viişoara-Turda. Biological material tested was represented by three varieties of soybeans recently created at the Agricultural Development Research Station Turda, Cluj county.